MATTER
Chemistry

The science of matter and all the changes
that it undergoes
Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up
space

Is there anything that is not matter??????
Definitions from Matter Tree

Mixture – 2 or more materials NOT chemically
combined
Mixtures


Heterogeneous – mixtures made up of substances
that are visibly different
 Ex: oil and water
 Ex: granite
Homogeneous – mixtures consisting of one phase
 Each piece has the same properties
 Ex: air, Kool-Aid
 Another name for a homogeneous mixture is
SOLUTION
Substance


Always has the same composition
Element – substance composed of only one kind
of atom

Ex: S, Ca, O, He, N
Compound – Substances composed of 2 or more
elements chemically combined
ex: Water, salt, hydrochloric acid
Physical Properties

Properties of a substance that can be observed
WITHOUT changing the substance

Ex: Length, color, temp.

Two types of Physical Properties

Intensive – DOES NOT depend on the size of the sample

Ex: color, malleability, ductility, conductivity, MP, BP, density
 Texture – how a substance feels; grainy, smooth, soft
 State – solid, liquid or gas
 Luster – how shiny an object is
 Conductivity – ability to conduct heat or electricity
 Hardness – ability to scratch another object
 Density – mass per volume
 Ductility – can be drawn into a wire
Physical Properties
Extensive – DOES depend on the size of the sample
Ex: mass, length, volume
Practice –
red
heavy
10 ft long
shiny
soft
colorless
BP of 100 oC
Chemical Properties

Describes the behavior of a substance
undergoing a chemical change


Ex: Cl reacts with Na  NaCl
Ex: Fe + O2  Fe2O3 (rust)
Physical Changes

Change that DOES NOT result in a new
substance being formed

Ex: Cutting, dissolving sugar in H2O, phase changes
Chemical Changes

Changes that produce a new substance


Note: a change in color, change in energy and if a gas
is given off are three ways to tell if a chemical change
has occurred
Ex: Rust, CuCl2 + Al foil