Chapter 7
Graphics, Hypermedia,
and Multimedia
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Topics
Focus on Computer Graphics
Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page
Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear, Hand, & Mind
Data Compression – How and Why
“If you look out in the future you can see how best to make right
choices.” Doug Engelbart
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Focus on Computer Graphics
Computer graphics include:
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Painting Software
Digital Image Processing
Drawing Software
3-D Modeling Software
CAD/CAM
Presentation Graphics
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Painting Software
Paint pixels on the screen with a pointing device
such as a mouse, joystick, trackball, touch pad or
pen.
The pointer movements are translated into lines
and patterns on the screen.
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Graphics Talk
Pixels are tiny dots of white, black, or color that make up
images on the screen.
Palette of tools that mimic real-world painting tools and
other tools unique to computers.
Bitmapped graphics (or raster graphics) are pictures that
show how the pixels are mapped on the screen.
Color depth is the number of bits devoted to each pixel.
Resolution is the density of the pixels.
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Digital Image Processing:
Photographic Editing by Computer
Software that allows the user to manipulate
photographs and other high-resolution images with
tools such as Adobe Photoshop.
Far more powerful than traditional photo-retouching
techniques.
 Can distort and combine photos as demonstrated
in the tabloids
 Create fabricated images that show no evidence
of tampering
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Building a Photo Collage
Take an image
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Combine it with
other objects
Make a statement
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Drawing: Object-Oriented Graphics
Drawing software stores a picture as a collection of
lines and shapes (called object-oriented or vector
graphics).
Memory demands on storage not as high as bitmapped images.
Many drawing tools - line, shape and text tools are
similar to painting tools in bitmapped programs.
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Pixels vs. Objects
Bit-mapped painting
(pixels) gives you these
advantages:
 More control over
textures, shading and
fine detail
 Appropriate for screen
displays, simulating
natural paint media and
embellishing
photographs
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Pixels vs. Objects
Object-oriented drawing
gives you these advantages:
 Better for creating
printed graphs, charts,
and illustrations
 Lines are cleaner and
shapes are smoother
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3-D Modeling Software
Used to create three-dimensional objects with tools
similar to those in drawing software.
Goal for some applications: to create an animated
presentation on a computer screen or videotape.
Flexible: can create a 3-D model, rotate it, view
it from different angles
Can “walk-through” a 3-D environment that exists
only in the computer’s memory
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3-D Modeling Software
Images in wireframe
view; ones on right
are fully rendered to
add surface textures
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CAD/CAM: Turning Pictures into
Products
Computer Aided Design
(CAD) software allows
engineers, designers, and
architects to create designs
on screen for products
ranging from computer
chips to public buildings.
Can test product prototypes
Cheaper, faster, and more
accurate than traditional
design-by-hand techniques
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CAD/CAM: Turning Pictures into
Products
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the
process by which data related to the product design
are fed into a program that controls the
manufacturing of parts.
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
refers to the combination of CAD/CAM and is a
major step toward a fully automated factory.
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Presentation Graphics: Bringing
Lectures to Life
Presentation graphics software helps to automate
the creation of visual aids for lectures, training sessions,
sales demonstrations, and other presentations.
Create slide shows directly on computer monitors or
LCD projectors, including still images, animation and
video clips.
Slides might include:
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photographs
drawings
charts
tables
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Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed
Page
Modern media contains dynamic information-information that changes over time or in response
to user input.
 Animation
 Desktop Video
 Audio
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Animation: Graphics in Time
Each frame of computer-based animation is a computerdrawn picture and the computer displays those frames in
rapid succession.
 Tweening-instead of drawing each frame by hand,
animator can create key frames and objects and use
software to help fill in the gaps
“Anything you can imagine can be done. If you can draw it, if you can
describe it, we can do it. It’s just a matter of cost.”
James Cameron, Filmmaker
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Desktop Video: Computers, Film,
and TV
A video digitizer can convert analog video signals from
a television broadcast or videotape into digital data.
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Desktop Video: Computers, Film,
and TV
Video editing software such as Adobe Premiere makes it
easy to eliminate extraneous footage, combine clips from
multiple takes, splice together scenes, create specific
effects and other activities.
Morphs are video clips in which one image
metamorphoses into another.
Data compression software and hardware are used to
squeeze data out of movies so they can be stored in
smaller spaces.
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The Synthetic Musician: Computers
and Audio
Audio digitizer- captures sound and stores it as a data file
Synthesizer - electronic instrument that synthesizes
sounds using mathematical formulas
MIDI - Musical Instrument Digital Interface is a standard
interface that allows electronic instruments and computers
to communicate with each other
Sequencing software - turns a computer into a musical
composition, recording and editing machine.
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Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear,
Hand, and Mind
A combination of text,
graphics, animation,
video, music, voice and
sound effects that allows
the user to take an active
part in the experience.
Requirements: highquality color monitors,
fast processors, large
memory, CD-ROM
drives, speakers,
and sound cards
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Multimedia Authoring: Making
Mixed Media
Multimedia authoring software glues together
media captured and created with other
applications.
Multimedia authoring tools include prewritten
behaviors attached to buttons, images or other
on-screen objects
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Interactive Media: Visions of the
Future
Positive aspects:
 Users become active participants
 People gain control over the media and use it to create
a new kind of digital democracy
Negative aspects:
 Users become isolated and addicted to the technology
 Media used to influence and control unwary citizens
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