Chapter 4
Notes
The Growth of a New Nation
AHSGE Social Studies
Review
Vocabulary/ Terms/ People
 Tariff
of 1816- Congress protected American
industries from competing with lower priced
European goods by raising taxes on imports
 Manifest Destiny- the belief that it was God’s
will that the US expand and possess the
entire continent (sea to shining sea)
 Underground Railroad- a network of people
who helped slaves escape to the North
Vocabulary/ Terms/ People
 Reservations-
tiny parcels of poor land
where Indians were sent to live
 Utopia- an ideal community where all
would live in peace and harmony
 Suffragette- women who worked for
women’s right to vote
 Celibacy- single life without sex
 Annexed- added
 Abolish- put an end to it
James Monroe
 Fifth
President of the United States
 Era of Good Feeling
 Mood during Monroe’s presidency
 Marked by optimism and national
unity
Monroe Doctrine
 Promise
by President Monroe to prevent
European nations from recolonizing North
and South America
 The
US would not interfere in the internal
affairs of European countries or
independent countries in the Americas
 The US would oppose any European
intervention in independent countries in
the Americas as an unfriendly act
 The American continents should not be
considered for further colonization by
European countries
Land Acquisitions/ Exploration
 Treaty
of Paris (1783)-
 Signed
by Great Britain and US at the
end of the Revolutionary War
 Britain recognized the independence of
the United States
 The US now had established and
recognized borders (Canada to the North,
the Mississippi River to the West, the
Atlantic Ocean on the East, and the
northern border of Spanish Florida in the
South)
Land Acquisitions/ Exploration
 Land
Ordinance of 1785-
 Written
under
the
Articles
of
Confederation
 Land area from the Ohio River to the
Mississippi River would be made into new
states
 Each area had to meet a population
requirement to apply for statehood
Land Acquisitions/ Exploration
 Northwest
 Allowed
Ordinance (1787)-
for the creation of 3-5 states in
the Northwest Territory
 It prohibited slavery in the territory
 People who lived there were guaranteed
freedom of religion, trial by jury, and
access to free public education
 Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and
Indiana were formed from this territory
Land Acquisitions/ Exploration
 Louisiana
Purchase-
 Purchased
by the US from France/
Napoleon for $15 million
 This land purchased was the largest land
purchase made by the US and doubled the
size of the US
 Marked a turning point- US began
seeking economic prosperity from the new
western lands instead of England
Land Acquisitions/ Exploration
 Lewis
and Clark Expedition Set out from St. Louis to explore
Louisiana Purchase to the coast of the
Pacific Ocean
 Sacajaweainterpreter (translator)
and guide for Louis and Clark
 Alabama- became a state in 1819
Territorial Expansion, 1783-1853
Territorial Expansion, 1783-1853
 1783-
Treaty of Paris (Original United
States territory)
 1803- Louisiana Purchase
 1818- Territory ceded by Britain
 1819- Alabama became a state
 1819- Florida Cession
 1845- Texas Annexation
 1846- Oregon Territory
 1848- Mexican Cession
 1853- Gadsden Purchase
Important Inventions
 Eli
Whitney
 Invented
the cotton gin
 Introduced the idea of interchangeable
parts
 Robert
Fulton- developed the first
effective steamboat called the Clermont
 George Stephenson- steam powered
locomotive called the Rocket
Henry Clay’s American System
 Henry
Clay-
 Senator from
Kentucky
 Proposed the American System- a balance
between those favoring state’s rights and
strong federal government
 American
 Tariff
System
of 1816- raised taxes on imports
 Internal improvements (Roads and canals)
 National Bank- the Second Bank of the
United States stabilized currency and held
government funds
Roads and Canals
 National
Road- federally funded road
from
Cumberland,
Maryland
to
Vandalia, Illinois
 Erie
Canal-
 Linked
Buffalo, NY on Lake Erie with
Albany, NY on the Hudson River
 Started a new era of transportation and
prosperity for New York
Andrew Jackson
 First
man born into poverty that became
president
 Jacksonian
Democracyproperty
qualifications for voting white males
were dropped during his presidency
 Developed the spoils system- policy of
removing
political
opponents
from
government and replacing them with
political friends
Andrew Jackson
 Doctrine
of Nullification
 Promoted
by Senator John Calhoun from
South Carolina
 Doctrine stated that if Congress passes a
bill that is harmful to a particular state,
that state is not obliged to enforce the
federal law
 If ¾ of the states believed a law
unconstitutional, the law would be null
and void
Andrew Jackson
 Indian
 Five
Removal Act-
Native American nations were
required to move to land west of the
Mississippi River (Creek, Cherokee,
Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminoles)
 Chief Justice John Marshall ruled the
Indian Nations had a right to stay
 President Jackson ignored the Supreme
Court ruling and sent troops to force the
removal of the Indians
Andrew Jackson
 Trail
of Tears- the journey of thousands of
Creek, Cherokee, and Choctaws who were
forced to leave their homelands in the
Southeast and move to reservations in
Oklahoma
 Reservations-
tiny parcels of poor land
where Indians were sent to live
The Trails
 Oregon
Trail-
 Started
by Nathaniel Wyeth
 Led an expedition to colonize the coast of
Oregon by the Columbia River
 Colonization attempt failed, but it did provide a
way for settlers to reach the Pacific Coast
The Trails
 The
Mormon Trail-
 Led
by Brigham Young
 Left Navoo, Illinois and traveled to the Salt
Lake area of present day Utah
 The
California Trail
was discovered at Sutter’s Mill near
Sacramento
 Tens
of thousands began migrating to
California in search of gold
 Trail began in Independence, Missouri
 Gold
The Trails
 Santa
Fe Trail-
 Trail
started at Independence, Missouri
 Was a wagon route that President Monroe
ordered established to increase trading with
Mexico in Santa Fe
Literature of the US
 Noah
Webster- produced the first American
dictionary to distinguish language of the US from
Britain
 Ralph Waldo Emerson- essayist and a poet and a
leader in the transcendental movement (spiritual
unity of creation)
 Henry David Thoreau- writer, philosopher, and
naturalist; works are “Walden” and “Civil
Disobedience”
 Emily Dickenson- regarded as one of the most
influential poets of the US
Social Utopias
 Utopia-
an ideal community where all
would live in peace and harmony
 AmishA
Christian sect that established farming
communities in
Pennsylvania, the
Midwest, and Canada
 Lived a life of simplicity and hard work
 Quakers
 Founded
by George Fox
 Believed in personal divine revelation
 Objected to war and slavery
Social Reform Movements
 Temperance
Movement- advocated total
abstinence from alcohol
 Maine Laws- regulated or prohibited the
sale of alcohol
 Abolition Movement- advocated laws to
abolish slavery
 Harriet Tubman- escaped slavery and
helped lead other slaves to freedom on the
Underground Railroad
Social Reform Movements
 Frederick
Douglass- former slave who spoke
for the abolition movement
 Harriet Beecher Stowe- wrote Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
 William
Lloyd Garrison- founded an
influential, anti-slavery newspaper called
The Liberator; helped establish the national
American Anti-slavery Society
 Sojourner Truth- African American leader of
abolition and women’s rights
Social Reform Movements
 Women’s
Rights Movement
 Elizabeth
Cady Stanton- organized the first
women’s rights convention known as the
Seneca Falls Convention
 Susan B Anthony- supported the temperance
movement to ban alcohol, the abolition of
slavery, and women’s rights movement
 19th amendment- women’s right to vote
Social Reform Movements
 Dorothea
Dix- improved housing for
mentally ill and prisoners
 Horace
Mann- first state Board of
Education in the United States