Italiano II il 7 di
ottobre 2015
1. Le Opere alla lavagna
2. CULTURA e LA STORIA d’Italia
Brief History of Italy
National Anthem of Italy Fratelli d’Italia!
(Inno di Mameli) PARTE II a continuare!
National Anthem of VENETO . Parte II a continuare
4. compiti Corrections on the following pages from OGGI IN ITALIA
A finire il lavoro del libro di
OGGI IN ITALIA
OGGI IN ITALIA Pagina 51 F H
OGGI IN ITALIA Pagina 52 I J
OGGI IN ITALIA Pagina 53 L
Tests postponed - students need more time:
STUDIATE! la grammatica qui: Primo esame il 9 0 12 ottobre
2015 small test
ESAME Grande il 13 di ottobre 2015
depende-
1. SENTIERI
a. Sentieri Packet
(green)
Capitolo 1
Ripasso
1. pagina 2 COME VA? VOCABOLARIO
2. PAGINA 5 ITALIAN ALPHABET REVIEW
3. PAGINA 7 ESPRESSIONI UTILI
4. PAGINA 8 REVIEW BACI DALL’ITALIA!
5. PAGINA 10 Nouns and articles
6. Pagina 11 indefinite articles and nouns
7. Pagina 12 Numbers
8. Pagina 13
C’ e’
ci sono
9. Pagina Alla Facolta’ VOCABOLARIO
10.
Pagina 21 Voabolario
11.
Pagina 22 Review ALL’universita’
12.
Pagine 24-25 ESSERE and subject pronouns
13.
Pagine 26-27 Adjective Agreement
14.
Pagine 28-29 Telling Time
15.
Pagina 37 Review again of all vocabulary
16.
Review notes
17. CULTURA e LA STORIA
Origins of Italian
Culture
La storia d’Italia
una breve presentazione
A Brief History of Italy: From the Etruscans to Today
Submitted by admin on Fri, 06/01/2012 - 00:00
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ITALIAN HISTORY
History of Italy
In many ways, the history of Italy is the history of the modern world. So
many pivotal moments in our collective past have taken place in Italy that it
can be considered Europe’s historical keystone. In this section, learn about
the great and not so great moments in Italian history, from the grandeur of
Rome to the Renaissance, the Risorgimento to the battlefields of World
War II.
BRIEF HISTORY OF ITALY
By 500 BC, a number of groups shared Italy. Small Greek colonies dotted
the southern coast and island of Sicily. Gauls, ancestors of today's modern
French, roamed the mountainous north. While the Etruscans, a group
originally hailing from somewhere in western Turkey, settled in central
Italy, establishing a number of city-states, including what is now modernday Bologna. Little is known about the Etruscans except that they thrived
for a time, creating a civilization that would pass down a fondness for bold
architecture (stone arches, paved streets, aqueducts, sewers) to its
successor, Rome.
According to legend, Rome was founded on April 21, 753 BC by Romulus
and Remus, twin brothers who claimed to be sons of the war god Mars and
to have been raised as infants by a she-wolf. Romulus saw himself as a
descendant of the defeated army of Troy, and wanted Rome to inherit the
mantle of that ancient city, if not surpass it. When Remus laughed at the
notion, Romulus killed his brother and declared himself the first king of
Rome.
Rome went through seven kings until 509 BC when the last king was
overthrown and the Roman Republic was formed. Rome then came to be
ruled by two elected officials (known as consuls), a Senate made up of
wealthy aristocrats (known as patricians), and a lower assembly that
represented the common people (plebeians) and had limited power. This
format of government worked well at first, but as Rome expanded beyond
a mere city-state to take over territory not just in Italy, but overseas as well,
the system of government came under severe strain. By the First Century
BC, Rome was in crisis. Spartacus, a slave, led the common people in a
revolt against the rule of the aristocratic patricians. Rome was able to put
down the rebellion, but at great cost, as the Republic dissolved into a
series of military of dictatorships that ended with the assassination of
Julius Caesar.
In 29 BC, after a long power struggle, Julius Caesar's nephew, Octavius,
seized power and declared himself Emperor Augustus. The Roman Empire
was born. For the next two hundred years, Rome thrived, ruling over a vast
territory stretching from Britain and the Atlantic coast of Europe in the north
and west to North Africa and the Middle East in the south and east.
This Pax Romana, a time of peace, ended in 180 AD with the death of
Marcus Aurelius, Rome's last great emperor. A combination of economic
problems, barbarian invasions, domestic instability, and territorial
rebellions, combined with a lack of strong leadership, resulted in the slow
and gradual decline of Rome. In 380 AD, after three hundred years of
persecution, Christianity became the one and only official religion. By the
end of the Fourth Century AD, the Roman Empire split into two. The East,
based out of the newly-built capital of Constantinople, in what is now
Turkey, thrived, eventually becoming the long-lasting Byzantine Empire.
Rome, capital of the West, continued to decline.
In 410 AD, Rome itself was sacked by barbarian hordes. The Eastern
Empire invaded but failed to restore order and had to withdraw. The
Roman Empire in the West completely collapsed. For the next thousand
years, Italy once again became a patchwork of city-states, with Rome,
home to the Catholic Church, being the most powerful. This long period of
quiet stagnation was known as the Dark Ages.
Prosperity did not return to Italy again until the Fourteenth Century, when
city-states such as Florence, Milan, Pisa, Genoa, and Venice became
centers of trade. The influx of wealth and increased trade contact with
foreign lands, transformed Italy into Europe's premier center of culture.
Funded by wealthy patrons, figures such as Leonardo Da Vinci,
Michelangelo, Dante, Machiavelli, and Galileo, among others,
revolutionized the fields of art, literature, politics, and science. Italian
explorers, such as Marco Polo and Christopher Columbus, introduced Italy
and Europe to the rest of the world.
Italy remained a center of power until the Sixteenth Century, when trade
routes shifted away from the Mediterranean and the Protestant
Reformation resulted in the Catholic Church, which was based in Rome,
losing influence over much of Northern Europe. Weakened, the various
Italian city-states became vulnerable to conquest by Spain, France, and
Austria. Italy remained a patchwork of principalities controlled through
proxy by various European powers until the Nineteenth Century, when the
French leader Napoleon supported the unification of Italy as a way of
creating a buffer state against his many enemies. With the backing of
France, Italian nationalist Giuseppe Garibaldi led a popular movement that
took over much of Italy, ending in 1870 with the fall of Rome and complete
unification of Italy.
Plagued by internal political divisions and with an economy devastated by
war, the new Kingdom of Italy was no Roman Empire. In 1919, frustrated
that Italy had received few gains despite having been a victor in the First
World War, a politician named Benito Mussolini launched a movement that
called for the restoration of Italy as a great power. In 1922, impatient with
electoral politics, Mussolini led his supporters, known as Fascists, on a
march on Rome to seize power directly through a coup. Spooked, the
Italian king did not put up a fight and allowed Mussolini to become
supreme ruler of Italy.
Mussolini spent the next twenty years consolidating power and building up
the Italian economy, but he never gave up on the idea of restoring Italy as
a great power. Calling himself "Il Duce" (meaning Leader), Mussolini
dreamed of leading a new Roman Empire. In the 1930s, he indulged his
dreams of conquest, by invading Ethiopia and Albania. When the Second
World War broke out, Italy remained neutral at first. However, once it
appeared through the Fall of France that Germany would win, Mussolini
eagerly joined Hitler, a fellow Fascist and longtime ally, in the war effort
and rushed to invade Greece, the Balkans, and North Africa.
Overextended and unprepared for such a large-scale effort, Italy quickly
found that it could not maintain its military position and had to ask
Germany for help. Before long, Mussolini saw himself losing control of
North Africa, the Mediterranean, and eventually his very own country to the
Allies. Fleeing Rome, Mussolini tried to set up a puppet state in Northern
Italy but failed. Abandoned by a disgusted Hitler, Il Duce and his mistress
were captured and executed by Italian partisans.
After the Second World War, Italy abolished the monarchy and declared
itself a republic. With the strong support of the United States, Italy rebuilt
its economy through loans from the Marshall Plan, joined the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization, and became a strong supporter of what is now the
European Union. Today, Italy is now one of the most prosperous and
democratic nations in Europe.
Italian National Anthem
The Italian national anthem is a lively and rousing hymn called 'Il
Canto degli Italiani' (The Song of the Italians). It is also called 'Fratelli
d'Italia' (Brothers of Italy), taken from the first line of the lyrics.
The words were written by a young Genoese student called Goffredo
Maleli in 1847 and set to music a few months later by a fellow
Genoese, Michele Novaro. The hymn became very popular during the
turbulent period of the Risorgimento, leading to Unification in 1861.
The Marcia Reale (The Royal March) composed for the Royal House of
Savoia, became the official national anthem of Italy after unification
and remained so until the formation of the Italian Republic in 1946. 'Il
Canto degli Italiani' was then chosen as the national anthem of the
new Republic.
It is interesting to note that in his composition, Inno delle Nazioni
(Hymn of the Nations), composed for the London International
Exhibition of 1862, Guiseppe Verdi reflected public opinion by choosing
to include 'Il Canto degli Italiani', rather than the official Italian
national anthem, alongside the British and French national anthems.
Italian lyrics
English translation
Fratelli d'Italia,
l'Italia s'è desta,
dell'elmo di Scipio
s'è cinta la testa.
Dov'è la Vittoria?
Le porga la chioma,
ché schiava di Roma
Iddio la creò.
Brothers of Italy,
Italy has woken,
Bound Scipio's helmet
Upon her head.
Where is Victory?
Let her bow down,
For God created her
Slave of Rome.
CORO:
Stringiamci a coorte,
siam pronti alla morte.
Siam pronti alla morte,
l'Italia chiamò.
Stringiamci a coorte,
siam pronti alla morte.
Siam pronti alla morte,
l'Italia chiamò, sì!
CHORUS:
Let us join in a cohort,
We are ready to die.
We are ready to die,
Italy has called.
Let us join in a cohort,
We are ready to die.
We are ready to die,
Italy has called, yes!
Noi fummo da secoli
calpesti, derisi,
perché non siam popolo,
perché siam divisi.
Raccolgaci un'unica
bandiera, una speme:
di fonderci insieme
già l'ora suonò.
We were for centuries
downtrodden, derided,
because we are not one people,
because we are divided.
Let one flag, one hope
gather us all.
The hour has struck
for us to unite.
CORO
CHORUS
Uniamoci, amiamoci,
l'unione e l'amore
rivelano ai popoli
le vie del Signore.
Giuriamo far libero
il suolo natio:
uniti, per Dio,
Let us unite, let us love one another,
For union and love
Reveal to the people
The ways of the Lord.
Let us swear to set free
The land of our birth:
United, for God,
chi vincer ci può?
Who can overcome us?
CORO
CHORUS
Dall'Alpi a Sicilia
dovunque è Legnano,
ogn'uom di Ferruccio
ha il core, ha la mano,
i bimbi d'Italia
si chiaman Balilla,
il suon d'ogni squilla
i Vespri suonò.
From the Alps to Sicily,
Legnano is everywhere;
Every man has the heart
and hand of Ferruccio
The children of Italy
Are all called Balilla;
Every trumpet blast
sounds the Vespers.
CORO
CHORUS
Son giunchi che piegano
le spade vendute:
già l'Aquila d'Austria
le penne ha perdute.
Il sangue d'Italia,
il sangue Polacco,
bevé, col cosacco,
ma il cor le bruciò.
Mercenary swords,
they're feeble reeds.
The Austrian eagle
Has already lost its plumes.
The blood of Italy
and the Polish blood
It drank, along with the Cossack,
But it burned its heart.
CORO
CHORUS
Studiate!!!
Work in home journal
Summarize lesson today
Buona Fortuna!!!
In Bocca al Lupo!!!
wolf
•
•
in bocca al lupo!!!!!!!!!!
Italian Language Lessons
Possessive adjectives are those that indicate possession or
ownership. They correspond to the English "my," "your," "his,"
"her," "its," "our," and "their." The Italian possessive adjectives
are also preceded by definite articles and agree in gender and
number with the noun possessed, not with the possessor. The
table below provides a chart of possessive adjectives (aggettivi
possessivi) in Italian.
ITALIAN
ENGLIS
H
my
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
MASCULINE
FEMININE
SINGULAR
SINGULAR
il mio
la mia
MASCULINE
PLURAL
i miei
FEMININE
PLURAL
le mie
your (of
il tuo
la tua
i tuoi
tu)
your (of
il Suo
la Sua
i Suoi
Lei)
his, her, il suo
la sua
i suoi
its
our
il nostro
la nostra
i nostri
your (of
il vostro
la vostra
i vostri
voi)
your (of
il Loro
la Loro
i Loro
Loro)
their
il loro
la loro
i loro
As a rule, the Italian possessive adjectives are preceded by
definite articles:
la mia camicia (my shirt)
il nostro amico (our friend)
i vostro vicini (your neighbor)
i suoi libri (his/her books)
One exception is made for idiomatic phrases such as these:
a casa mia (my house)
ècolpa sua (it's his/her fault)
è merito tuo (it's your merit)
piacere mio (my pleasure)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Miss, where are you from?
Paolo, how are you?
Professore, how are you?
Good night!
6. What is the real name of the Mona Lisa? ANSWER
7. Who is the father of the Italian language?ANSWER
Aggettivi
Adjectives in Italian: Form and Agreement
An adjective is a word that qualifies a noun; for example, a good
le tue
le Sue
le sue
le nostre
le vostre
le Loro
le loro
boy. In Italian an adjective agrees in gender and number with
the noun it modifies. In Italian there are two groups of
adjectives: those ending in -o and those ending in -e.
Adjectives ending in -o in the masculine have four forms:
Singola
re
Plurale
Maschile
-o
Femminile
-a
-i
il libro
italiano
i libri italiani
il primo
giorno
i primi giorni
-e
la signora italiana
le signore italiane
la mensa
universitaria
le mense
universitarie
If an adjective ends in -io, the o is dropped to form the plural.
l'abito vecchio (the old suit)
gli abiti vecchi (the old suits)
il ragazzo serio (the serious boys)
i ragazzi seri (the serious boys)
Uli è tedesco. (Uli is German.)
Adriana è italiana. (Adriana is Italian.)
Roberto e Daniele sono americani. (Robert and Daniel are
Americans.)
Svetlana e Natalia sono russe. (Svetlana and Natalia are
Russian.)
Adjectives ending in -e are the same for the masculine and the
feminine singular. In the plural, the -e changes to -i.
il ragazzo inglese (the English boy)
la ragazza inglese (the English girl)
i ragazzi inglesi (the English boys)
le ragazze inglesi (the English girls)
An adjective modifying two nouns of different gender is
masculine.
i padri e le madre italiani (Italian fathers and mothers)
Una Pizza Grande o Una Grande Pizza?
Position of Adjectives
1. Adjectives generally follow the noun.
È una lingua difficile. (It is a difficult language.)
Marina è una ragazza generosa. Marina is a generous girl.)
Note that adjectives of colors that derive from nouns are
invariable.
Non trovo il maglione rosa. (I can't find the pink sweater.)
The adjective blu (blue, navy), which is monosyllabic, is also
invariable.
Porto la giacca e i pantaloni blu in lavanderia. (I'm taking the
blue coat and pants to the laundry.)
2. Certain common adjectives, however, generally come before
the noun. Here are the most common:
bello (beautiful)
bravo (good, able)
brutto (ugly)
buono (good)
caro (dear)
cattivo (bad)
giovane (young)
grande (large; great)
lungo (long)
nuovo (new)
piccolo (small, little)
stesso (same)
vecchio (old)
vero (true)
Anna è una cara amica. (Anna is a dear friend.)
Gino è un bravo dottore. (Gino is a good doctor.)
È un brutt'affare. (It's a bad situation.)
But even these adjectives must follow the noun for emphasis or
contrast, and when modified by an adverb.
Oggi non porta l'abito vecchio, porta un abito nuovo. Today he
is not wearing the old suit, he is wearing a new suit.)
Abitano iu una casa molto piccola. (They live in a very small
house.)
Italian Language Lessons
Possessive adjectives are those that indicate possession or
ownership. They correspond to the English "my," "your," "his,"
"her," "its," "our," and "their." The Italian possessive adjectives
are also preceded by definite articles and agree in gender and
number with the noun possessed, not with the possessor. The
table below provides a chart of possessive adjectives (aggettivi
possessivi) in Italian.
ITALIAN POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
ENGLIS MASCULINE
FEMININE
MASCULINE
H
SINGULAR
SINGULAR
PLURAL
my
il mio
la mia
i miei
your (of
il tuo
la tua
i tuoi
tu)
your (of
il Suo
la Sua
i Suoi
Lei)
his, her, il suo
la sua
i suoi
its
our
il nostro
la nostra
i nostri
your (of
il vostro
la vostra
i vostri
voi)
your (of
il Loro
la Loro
i Loro
Loro)
their
il loro
la loro
i loro
As a rule, the Italian possessive adjectives are preceded by
definite articles:
la mia camicia (my shirt)
il nostro amico (our friend)
i vostro vicini (your neighbor)
i suoi libri (his/her books)
One exception is made for idiomatic phrases such as these:
a casa mia (my house)
ècolpa sua (it's his/her fault)
è merito tuo (it's your merit)
FEMININE
PLURAL
le mie
le tue
le Sue
le sue
le nostre
le vostre
le Loro
le loro
piacere mio (my pleasure)
Question words!
Che cosa fai?
What are you doing?
Cosa hai detto?
What did you say?
Chi?
CHI?
The word chi means who. It can be used to ask and answer
question about people.
Chi hai incontrato?
Who did you meet?
chi riceve gli ospiti
host (the one who receives guests)
Dove?
The word dove is used to ask where questions. Also, one
interesting thing to note is that for questions of "how far?",
Italians ask fin dove? or "ending where?".
Di dove sei?
Where are you from?
Fin dove andrai?
How far will you go?
Dove vai?
Quando?
The Italian word quando means when. It asks and answers
"when" questions. When paired with da (from), it can be
used to form the present perfect tense.
Quando torni?
When will you return?
Da quando sei qui?
How long have you been here?
Perché?
The word perchè means both why and because.
Sono in ritardo perché avevo dimenticato di mettere la
sveglia.
I an late because I forgot to set my alarm clock.
Dimme perchè.
Tell me why.
Come?
The word come means both how and like. It is capable of
both asking and answering "how" questions.
Come è vestido lui?
How is he dressed?
È vestido come un poliziotto.
He is dressed like a policeman.
It can also be used in the phrase come mai to ask "why"
questions (how come).
Come mai non sei venuto alla festa?
Why didn't you come to the party?
Quanto?
The Italian word quanto translates both as how much and
how many, depending on its ending. In English, we have
separate words for questions about single or plural
quantities. In Italian, you just pluralize the question word as
you would any other word.
Quanto sono grandi i cani?
How big are the dogs?
Quanto anni hai?
How old are you?
Quale?
The word quale is the equivalent of the English question
word "which".
Quale preferisci?
Which one do you prefer?
Quale macchina è la tua?
Which car is yours?
Meeting people
Introducing Yourself in Italian
When meeting new people in Italy, you will most likely find
yourself asking either ‘tu come ti chiami?’ or ‘Lei come si
chiama?’ Both mean ‘what is your name’ but the first version is
informal, and can be used with people of the same age or younger,
and the second version is formal to be used with people of an older
age or in a business / formal situation. Tu means you informal and
Lei means you formal.
If in doubt, use Lei and you may be invited to use Tu with the
expression ‘Diamoci del tu?’ (Shall we use the informal with each
other?)
Male or Female? Gender confusing names
If asking the name of a male, you may be surprised to hear them
answer Andrea or Nicola as these are female names in the UK and
US. The pronunciation in Italian is different, however, with the
stress on the middle syllable, rather than the first one as it is in
English. These are typical male names in Italy, along with others
which can be gender confusing to non-Italians such as Gianmaria,
Luca, Rosario and Toni (short for Antonio).
Typical expressions
There are some typical expressions we can use in addition to
asking someone’s name when we meet them, such as:
Ciao - Hello
Piacere - Nice to meet you
Di dove sei / di dov’è? - Where are you from (informal and
formal)?
Sono di ... - I am from ...
Che lavoro fai / che lavoro fa? What’s your job (informal and
formal)?
Mi chiamo ... - My name is ...
MEETING PEOPLE
more here……
Your handshake should be firm, and don't be surprised if your new friend moves
in for a cheek kiss or shoulder slap. When greeting friends, cheek kisses on both
sides are as common as shaking hands in Italy. Remember, though, if you're even
in Russia or places like Lebanon they'll be expecting three kisses, not two.
When you introduce yourself tell someone your name, first and last. For "my name
is..." you can say "Io mi chiamo..." or "Il mio nome è...". If you have a nickname
or preferred to be called by a shortened version of your name let people know up
front.
Eating and dining are an important part of Italian culture and one of the main way
friends connect with one another. If you meet Italians during your vacation, don't
be surprised if you're invited for a long, lazy dinner where conversation and
laughter is shared over some good food. What better way to bond and unwind?
Here is an example of a conversation that may occur between two people who
have just met. The scene is a private home in Naples...
YOU: "Ciao, mi chiamo Carlo, Carletto per gli amici, piacere di conoscerti. Come
ti chiami?" = "Hi, I'm Carlo, but my friends call me Carletto. Nice to meet you.
What's your name?"
NEW FRIEND: "Io mi chiamo Claudia." = "I'm Claudia."
Y: "Come va?" = "How are you doing?" or "How are you?"
NF: "Io sto bene, grazie." = "I'm great, thanks."
Y: "Di dove sei?" = "Where are you from?"
NF: "Io sono italiano e vivo a Roma, e tu?" = "I'm Italian and I live in Rome and
you?"
Y: "Io vengo da Sidney." = "I'm from Sydney."
NF: "Sei mai stata in Italia?" = "Have you ever been to Italy before?"
Y: "No, questa è la prima volta." = "No, this is the first time."
NF: "Prego, accomodati!" = "Please, take a seat!"
NF: "Vorresti un caffè o qualcosa altro da bere?" = "Would you like a coffee or
something else to drink?"
Y: "Si, grazie un caffè." = "Yes, thank you, a coffee."
NF: "Ti stai divertendo qui?" = "Are you having a good time here?"
Y: "Si certamente." = "Yes, of course."
NF: "Cosa hai fatto di bello oggi?" = "What did you do today?"
Y: "Oggi sono andata al Maschio Angioino e ho fatto delle belle foto." = "Today I
went to the Maschio Angioino and I took some beautiful pictures."
NF: "Napoli è una bella città, e penso che valga la pena vederla una volta nella
vita." = "Naples is a amazing city, I think it's worth seeing it once in a lifetime."
Y: "Non molto tempo fa ho pensato a questo viaggio in Italia alla scoperta del
paese natio di mio nonno." = "Not too long ago I decided to make this trip to
explore the country where my grandfather was born."
NF: "Che bella idea! Ricercare le tue radici è interessante. Dove vuoi andare
precisamente?" = "What a great idea! Discovering your roots is very interesting.
Where would you like to go, exactly?"
Y: "Mio nonno era di Caserta, e domani vado là." = "My grandfather was born in
Caserta and tomorrow I'm going there."
NF: "Dal momento che non conosci bene la strada, posso procurarti una cartina."
= "Given that you're not familiar with the area I can get you a map."
Y: "Grazie, molto gentile." = "Thank you, that's very kind of you."
NF: "Ad ogni modo se vuoi stare qui a lungo, mi piacerebbe farti fare un giro qui
attorno." = "By the way, if you want to stay here longer, I would love to show you
around."
Y: "Grazie, sarebbe bello!" = "Thanks, that would be great!"
NF: "Allora, fa' buon viaggio!" = "Well, then, have a great trip!"
Y: Grazie per la tua ospitalità = "Thanks for your hospitality."
This is only an example about what can be talked about when you meet someone
Nouns and articles in Italian
Italian Definite Article
In English the definite article (l'articolo determinativo) has only
one form: the. In Italian, l’articolo determinativo has different
forms according to the gender, number, and first letter of the
noun or adjective it precedes.
i ragazzi e le ragazze (the boys and girls)
il quaderno e la penna
(the notebook and pen)
Here are some rules for using definite articles:
1. Lo (pl. gli) is used before masculine nouns beginning with s +
consonant or z.
2. Il (pl. i) is used before masculine nouns beginning with all
other consonants.
3. L’ (pl. gli) is used before masculine nouns beginning with a
vowel.
4. La (pl. le) is used before feminine nouns beginning with any
consonant.
5. L’ (pl. le) is used before feminine nouns beginning with a
vowel.
The article agrees in gender and number with the noun it
modifies and is repeated before each noun.
la Coca–Cola e l’aranciata (the Coke and orangeade)
gli italiani e i giapponesi (the Italians and the Japanese)
le zie e gli zii (the aunts and uncles)
The first letter of the word immediately following the article
determines the article’s form. Compare the following:
il giorno (the day)
l’altro giorno (the other day)
lo zio (the uncle)
il vecchio zio (the old uncle)
i ragazzi (the boys)
gli stessi ragazzi (the same boys)
l’amica (the girlfriend)
la nuova amica (the new girlfriend)
In Italian, the definite article must always be used before the
name of a language, except when the verbs parlare (to speak)
or studiare (to study) directly precede the name of the
language; in those cases, the use of the article is optional.
Studio l’italiano. (I study Italian.)
Parlo italiano. (I speak Italian.)
Parlo bene l’italiano. (I speak
Italian well.)
The definite article is used before the days of the week to
indicate a repeated, habitual activity.
Domenica studio. (I’m studying on Sunday.)
Marco non studia mai la domenica. (Marco never studies on
Sunday)
The Italian indefinite article
(l'articolo indeterminativo)
corresponds to English a/an and is used with singular nouns. It
also corresponds to the number one.
INDEFINITE ARTICLES
FEMMINILE
MASCHILE
uno zio (uncle)
una zia (aunt)
un cugino (cousin,
m.)
una cugina (cousin,
f.)
un amico (friend,
m.)
un’amica (friend, f.)
Uno is used for masculine words beginning with z or s +
consonant;
un is used for all other masculine words.
Una is used for feminine words beginning with a consonant;
un’ is used for feminine words beginning with a vowel.
un treno e una bicicletta
un aeroplano e un’automobile
uno stadio e una stazione
mini Provino
per oggi
1. the boy il ragazzo
2. the girl la ragazza
3. a bus
l’autobus
4. a book un libro
5. a house una casa
6. a pen
una penna
7. a notebook
un quaderno
8. a door
una porta
9. hello hi
bye
Ciao!
10. good night
Buona notte!
Some More Verbs : Present Tense
Irregular verbs
Andare (to go)
io vado
tu vai
lui /lei /Lei
va
noi andiamo
voi
andate
loro /Loro vanno
Volere (to want)
io voglio
tu vuoi
lui /lei /Lei
vuole
noi vogliamo
voi
volete
loro /Loro vogliono
Fare (to make/do)
io faccio
tu fai
lui /lei /Lei
fa
noi facciamo
voi fate
loro
/Loro fanno
Note:
Dovere (to have to)
io devo, debbo
tu devi
lui /lei
/Lei deve
noi dobbiamo
voi
dovete
loro /Loro devono,
debbono
we write fa without an accent
Dare (to give)
io do
tu dai
lui /lei /Lei dà
noi
diamo
voi date
loro /Loro
danno
Note:
we write do without an
accent we write dà with an accent
Potere (to be able to)
io posso
tu puoi
lui /lei /Lei
può
noi possiamo
voi
potete
loro /Loro possono
Sapere (to know)
io so
tu sai
lui /lei /Lei sa
noi
sappiamo
voi sapete
loro /Loro
sanno
Note:
We write so and sa without an accent
Bere (to drink)
io bevo
tu bevi
lui /lei /Lei
beve
noi beviamo
voi
bevete
loro /Loro bevono
FINE
Ci sono
C’ e’
DI+NOME
- per esprimere possesseo
The preposition di + a NOUN
to express
possession or
relationship!
is used
Examples:
Where is Gabriel’s radio?
Dov’ e’ la radio di Gabriele?
The capital of Italy is Rome.
La capital d’Italia è Roma.
I’m Gina’s father.
Io sono il padre di Gina.
They are Giacomo’s sisters.
Sono le sorelle di Giacomo.
Di chi e’ l’appartamento?
E’ l’appartamento di Marco.
Di chi sono le riviste?
Sono le riviste di Maria.
Marco ha un televisore.
Ecco il televisore di Marco!