EMS LECTURE (8)
Decision Making
DR. Samah Mohammed
2016 - 2017
Learning Objectives
1. Define decision making.
2. List Types of decisions.
3. Explain of decision making process.
4. Describe Decision making styles.
5. How To Make Better Decisions.
6. Identify Common Errors in Decision Making.
Decision Making
Decision define as: A choice between available
alternatives and take a specific action.
Decision Making define as: The process of
developing and analyzing alternatives and choosing
from among them.
Types of Decisions
1.
Routine decisions (programmed)
2.
Non-Programmed decisions.
3.
Reasoned decisions.
1- Routine Decisions
a) Routine decisions are safe, smoothly and eliminate
the need to make choices.
b) A decision that is routine and automatic can be
made by using a definite systematic procedure, rules
or guidelines.
c) EMT have made the same decision many times
before.
2- Non-Programmed Decisions
I.
Non routine decisions are unusual choices that
are not well thought out or planned.
II.
information is incomplete.
3- Reasoned Decisions
Decisions that take time and effort to make and
Result from careful Information gathering,
generation of alternatives, and evaluation of
alternatives.
Decision making process
1.
Step 1: Define the Problem.
2.
Step 2: Clarify Objectives.
3.
Step 3: Formulate Solution.
4.
Step 4: Evaluate Solution.
5.
Step 5: Choose a Solution.
6.
Step 6: Learn From Feedback.
Step 1: Define the Problem
1.
State the problem.
2.
Concise the problem allows to solve it.
3.
Express the problem verbally or in writing.
Step 2:Clarify Objectives
1.
Determine short-term outcomes.
2.
Determine t long-term outcomes.
3.
Evaluate the consequences of goals.
Step 3: Formulate Possible Solution
1.
Generate as many alternatives.
2.
Brainstorm for possible solutions.
3.
Be creative.
4.
Consider similar problems and their solutions.
Step 4: Evaluate Solution
1. Define the advantages of each solution.
2. Define the disadvantages of each solution.
3. Consider immediate results of each solution.
4. Consider long-term results of each solution.
Step 5: Choose a Solution
Which is…
i.
Define goals.
ii.
Define problems priorities.
iii.
The least risky.
iv.
The most practical.
Step 6:learn from feedback
1. EMT should Compare what actually happened to what
was expected to happen as a result of the decision.
2. Without feedback, EMT do not learn from
experience and will repeat the same mistake over.
4. Explore why any expectations for the decision were not
met
5. Derive guidelines that will help in future decision making
How To Make Better Decisions
1. Increase Your Knowledge
 Ask questions.
 Get experience.
 Use consultants.
 Do research.
Critical Decision Making
 The ability to anticipate.
 The ability to prioritize.
 The ability to problem-solve.
 Relies heavily on knowledge base.
 An ability to learn from past mistakes.
Decision-Making Styles
 Directive:
Prefer simple problems.
clear solutions.
Make decisions rapidly.
Do not consider many alternatives.
 Analytical:
Prefer complex problems.
Carefully analyze alternatives.
Enjoy solving problems willing to use innovative
methods.
Decision-Making Styles
 Imaginary
1. Socially oriented.
2. Solve problems creatively.
3. Enjoy new ideas.
 Behavioral
1. Interest in helping others.
2. Open to suggestions.
3.
Rely on meetings.