Terminal Server network
1. Image
2. Terms
In a terminal server network, processing power is centralized in one large
computer, with capacity to handle a large number of connections. The nodes
connect to this host computer are either terminals with little or no processing
capabilities or microcomputers running special terminal emulation software such
as Windows Remote Desktop.
Many airline reservation systems are terminal server networks. A large
central computer maintains all the schedules, rates, seat availability, and so on.
Travel agents use terminals to connect to the central computer and to schedule
reservations. Although the ticket may be printed along with travel itineraries at
the agent’s desk, nearly all processing is done at the central computer.
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3. Advantages and disadvantages
No.
Advantages
Disadvantages
1
One advantage of terminal server
networks is the centralized location
and control of technical personnel,
software, and data.
One disadvantage is the lack of
control and flexibility for the end
user.
2
Low-Bandwidth Access to Data:
Terminal services reduce the
amount of network baQd width that
is required to access data from. The
remote computer-Data only in the
form of screen views are
transmitted. Over this bandwidthconstrained it is very successful
combination for remotely
manipulating large amounts of data.
Another disadvantage is that
terminal server networks do not use
the full processing power available
with microcomputers.
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Helps enable branch-office access
to feature-rich applications using
lower bandwidth.
The terminal server is the major
source of risk of downtime. If the
terminal server fails, the whole
system fails unless a fail-over
terminal server is in place.
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Centralized application hosting.
Effectively deliver applications
across the enterprise to meet
different needs, without straining
network resources or exposing
corporate data to unnecessary risks.
The functionality of the system as a
whole is also affected by the
network reliability. If the network is
down, the whole system is down as
well.
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Cost-effective application
management. Reduce the cost and
challenges of maintaining desktop
machines with applications that are
frequently update, infrequently
used, or hard to install- or that need
to be accessed over low-bandwith
connections.
Running applications from a
terminal server can also be an issue
from performance perspective. In
some cases, no matter how good the
network is, the performance
associated with running an
application locally on a desktop
workstation can still overshadow the
benefits of a terminal server
environment.
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Client Server Network
1. Image
2. Terms
Client/server networks use central computers to coordinate and supply
services to other notes on the network. The server provides access to resources
such as Web page, databases, application software, and hard ware. This strategy is
based on specialized. Server nodes request the services. Commonly used server
operating systems are Windows Server, Mac OS X Server, Linux, and Solaris.
Client/ server network are widely used on the internet. For example, each
time you open a Web browser, your computer ( the client) send out the request is
routed over the internet to a server. This server locates and sends material back to
your computer.
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3. Advantages and disadvantages
No. Advantages
Disadvantages
1
One advantage of client/ server
network strategy is the ability to
handle very large networks efficiently.
The major disadvantage is the cost
installation and maintenance.
2
Another advantage is the availability
of powerful network management
software to monitor and control
network activities.
When the server goes down or crashes.
All the computers connected to it become
unavailable to use.
3
A Client Sever Can Be scaled up to
many services that can also be used by
multiple users.
4
A client server enables the roles and
responsibilities of a computing
system. This means that it can update
all the computers connected to it. An
example of this would be software
updates or hardware updates.
When everyone tries to do the same thing
it takes a little while for the server to do
certain tasks. An example of this would
be everyone logging into their profile in
an organization or a college at the same
time.
More expensive than a peer to peer
network. You have to pay for startup
cost.
5
The security is a lot more advanced
than a peer to peer network. You can
have passwords to your won profile so
that no one can access everything
when they want.
6
Many mature client-server
technologies are already available
which were designed to ensure
security, 'friendliness' of the user
interface, and ease of use.
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When you expand the server it starts to
slow down due to the Bit rate per second.
Comparing client-server model to the
P2P model, if one server fail, clients’
requests cannot be served but in case of
P2P networks, servers are usually
distributed among many nodes. Even if
one or more nodes fail, for example if a
node failed to download a file the
remaining nodes should still have the
data needed to complete the download.
It functions with multiple different
clients of different capabilities.
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Peer-to-peer (P2P) network
1. Image
2. Terms
Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application
architecture that partitions tasks or workloads among peers. Peers are equally
privileged, equipotent participants in the application. They are said to form a
peer-to-peer network of nodes.
Peers make a portion of their resources, such as processing power, disk
storage or network bandwidth, directly available to other network participants,
without the need for central coordination by servers or stable hosts. Peers are
both suppliers and consumers of resources, in contrast to the traditional client–
server model where only servers supply (send), and clients consume (receive).
The peer-to-peer application structure was popularized by file sharing
systems like Napster. The concept has inspired new structures and
philosophies in many areas of human interaction. Peer-to-peer networking is
not restricted to technology, but covers also social processes with a peer-topeer dynamic. In such context, social peer-to-peer processes are currently
emerging throughout society.
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3. Advantages and disadvantages
No.
Advantages
Disadvantages
1
A peer to peer network is
inexpensive to set up.
One disadvantage of P2P networks is the
lack of security controls or other common
management functions. So, you can set
passwords for files that you don’t want
people to access but apart from that the
security is pretty poor.
It uses the built in networking
capabilities of Windows XP
Professional (or Vista Business), so
no special software is needed. It
allows for file and printer sharing,
and can be an adequate choice for a
very small office.
For this reason, few businesses use this
type of network to communicate sensitive
information.
2
You can access any file on the
computer as long as it is set to
shared folder.
If you have not connected the computers
together properly then there can be
problems accessing certain files.
3
The requirements for a Peer to Peer
Network are that you have a 10
Base T Ethernet cable and an
Ethernet hub/ switch. This is rather
cheap than having a server.
It doesn’t always work if you have many
computers and works better with 2 – 8
computers.
4
The architecture of the lay out
(How It Connects) is simple.
Lack of system administrator.
5
If one computer fails to work all the
other computers connected to it
continue to work.
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Distributed processing network
1. Image
2. Term
In a distributed processing network, processing capability is located and
shared at different notes or locations. This type of strategy is common for
decentralized organizations where divisional offices are networks to the
organization’s main or centralized computer.
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3. Advantages and disadvantages
No. Advantages
Disadvantages
1
Management of distributed data with
different levels of transparency like
fragmentation transparency, replication
transparency and others.
Complexity — extra work must be done
by the DBAs to ensure that the distributed
nature of the system is transparent. Extra
work must also be done to maintain
multiple disparate systems, instead of one
big one. Extra database design work must
also be done to account for the
disconnected nature of the database — for
example, joins become prohibitively
expensive when performed across multiple
systems.
2
Increase reliability and availability.
Economics — increased complexity and a
more extensive infrastructure means extra
labour costs.
3
Easier expansion.
4
Reflects organizational structure —
database fragments are located in the
departments they relate to.
Security — remote database fragments
must be secured, and they are not
centralized so the remote sites must be
secured as well. The infrastructure must
also be secured (e.g., by encrypting the
network links between remote sites).
Difficult to maintain integrity — but in a
distributed database, enforcing integrity
over a network may require too much of
the network's resources to be feasible.
5
Local autonomy or site autonomy — a
department can control the data about
them (as they are the ones familiar
with it.)
Inexperience — distributed databases are
difficult to work with, and as a young field
there is not much readily available
experience on proper practice.
6
Protection of valuable data — if there
were ever a catastrophic event such as
a fire, all of the data would not be in
one place, but distributed in multiple
locations.
Lack of standards — there are no tools or
methodologies yet to help users convert a
centralized DBMS into a distributed
DBMS.
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For a summary of network strategies is
Strategy
Description
Terminal
Centralized processing power, location, and control.
Underutilized processing power of microcomputers.
Client/server
Client request services.
Servers provide services and coordination.
Efficient network management software.
Expensive.
Peer-to-peer
All nodes act as clients and servers.
Easy and inexpensive.
Lacks security controls.
Distributed
Nodes share resource from different locations.
Used in decentralized organization.
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References
1. http://www.google.com.my/imgres
2. Computing Essentials Complete 2011, written by Timothy J. O’Leary and Linda
I. O’Leary, published by McGraw Hill
3. http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~dirk/Comp332/COMP332-DDB-notes.pdf
4. http://assignment1ivorfinn.wetpaint.com/page/The+Advantages+And+Disadvanta
ges+of+Peer-to-peer+Network+and+client+%2Fserver+netwroks
5. http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client-server
6. http://networksandservers.blogspot.com/2011/10/virtualization-iii.html
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer#
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