NAD+
bioenergetics
NADP+
Calvin Cycle
aerobic
cellular respiration
anaerobic
energy
transformation
ATP
fermentation
Study of how energy flows
through living systems.
AKA Light independent reactions.
The second part of photosynthesis
where the energy in ATP and
NADPH (from the light dependent
reaction) and carbon dioxide are
used to create high energy sugars
Oxidized form of nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide. Carrier
molecule found in plants that
accepts high-energy electrons
Nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate. Carrier
molecule found in plants that
transfers high-energy electrons
A process that releases energy in cells
by breaking down glucose and other
food molecules in the presence of
oxygen. Energy transformation where
chemical energy in the bonds of “food”
molecules is released and captured in
the bonds of ATP.
with oxygen
Transformation A process in
which energy changes from one
form to another form while some
of the energy is lost to the
environment.
without oxygen
process by which cells break down
glucose and release energy in the
absence of oxygen
Adenosine Triphosphate. A
molecule that provides energy for
cellular reactions and processes.
ATP releases energy when one of
itshigh‐energy bonds is broken to
release a phosphate group.
glycolysis
light independent
reactions
guard cells
photosynthesis
Kreb's Cycle
photosystem
lactic acid
pigment
light dependent
reactions
stomata
reactions of photosynthesis in
which Carbon dioxide and energy
from ATP and NADPH is used to
build high energy sugars
Chemically capturing solar radiation by
chlorophyll molecules and transforming it into
the potential chemical energy in the bonds of
carbohydrates. The use of light energy by
plants, some algae, and some microorganisms
to convert water and carbon dioxide into
oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates
the first step in fermentation and
cellular respiration where the
glucose molecule is split into two
molecules of pyruvic acid
cells in plants that control the
opening and closing of the stoma
by responding to changes in
water pressure
light collecting units of the
chloroplasts used in
photosynthesis
the second part of cellular
respiration where pyruvic
acid is broken down into
carbon dioxide
light absorbing molecule
acid produced mainly in muscle cells
and red blood cells
when your body breaks down
carbohydrates for energy when
oxygen levels are low. Produced
during lactic acid fermentation.
Openings in the underside of
leaves that allow carbon dioxide
and oxygen to enter and leave the
leaves. (Stoma is plural)
The first step in photosynthesis
where light energy (in
combination with water) is
used to produce oxygen. ADP
and NADP+ are also converted
into ATP and NADPH
stroma
thylakoid
transpiration
phospholipid bilayer
Solution
plasmolysis
Solvent
The area in the chloroplast outside
the thylakoid membranes
Membrane-bound
structure inside
chloroplasts where
photosynthesis takes place
process by which a
plant loses water
through its leaves
mixture of two or more
substances where one is
chemically dissolved
The substance in a solution
doing the dissolving, usually
found in a greater amount than
the solute.
A polar membrane
composed of two
layers of lipid molecules
process by which a plant cell
loses water through osmosis in a
hypertonic environment, causing
the cell membrane to pull away
from the cell wall