Dry and oil extracts
production
As. prof. Beley N.N.
Ternopil State Medical University
about Horbachevsky
Technological stages of soft
extracts production:
1. Preparing of production
2. Preparation of herbal raw materials
(milling, sifting) and extragent
3. Obtaining of liquid extract
4. Purification of liquid extract
5. Evaporation of solvent for extraction (extragent)
6. Standardization
7. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product.
The plans of fulfilling of the dry extracts
production :
Evaporation stage is included
1. Obtaining of liquid extract
2. Purification of liquid extract
3. Manstruum evaporation
4. Drying of slightly evaporated
extract
5. Standardization
6. Packing, packaging and
labeling of final product
Without evaporation stage
1. Obtaining of liquid extract
2. Purification of liquid
extract
3. Drying of liquid extract
4. Standardization
5. Packing, packaging and
labeling of final product
Methods obtaining of infusion while
soft and dry extracts production:
1. Percolation
2. Repercolation
3. Bismaceration and its various modifications
4. Circulating extraction
5. Extraction of HRM in a battery of percolators with extragent
circulating
6. Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM
and extragent to meet each other in special extractors
7. Methods of extraction, including milling of raw materials in
the environment of extragent, vortex extraction, extraction
using electromagnetic waves, ultrasound, electrical
discharges et al.
Extraction of HRM in a battery of
percolators with extragent circulating
Hot continuous Extraction (Soxhlet)
Soxhlet apparatus
1. Cube for distillation
2. Siphon tube
3. Extractor
4. Collector of
condensate
5. Reflux -condenser
Hot continuous Extraction (Soxhlet)
is repeated extraction of HRM by the circulating
extragent.
There is the extragent in the cub and collector.
HRM is placed in the extractor and is poured on
with an extragent just below the siphon tube.
After the imbibitions you have pass extragent
through the raw and obtain infusion.
Than you have begin to heat up the extragent in
the cube.
Vapours of the extragent are formed, raised in the
reflux-condenser, where they condensates and
go to collector.
Saturated extract again enters in the cube.
The process extraction in apparatus of Soxhlet is
continued until the BAS are completely extracted
and the extract in the flask is then processed.
The advantage of this method:
Large amounts of HRM can be extracted with a much
smaller quantity of solvent.
This effects tremendous economy in terms of time,
energy and consequently financial inputs.
At small scale, it is employed as a batch process
only, but it becomes much more economical and
viable when converted into a continuous extraction
procedure on medium or large scale.
Continuous extraction with an opposite
movement of HRM and extragent to
meet each other in special extractors
HRM and extragent are continuously loaded into the
extractor from opposite hopper and moving
toward each other.
The degree of exhaustion of HRM is governed by
the length of the apparatus and unload speeds of
HRM and extragent.
Equipment for Continuous extraction
with an opposite movement of HRM
and extragent to meet each other in
special extractors
1. Horizontal screw (helix) extractor
2. Vertical screw (helix) extractor
3. Disk extractor
4. Extractor with spring-blades
Horizontal screw extractor
1. Hopper
2. Inlet for
extragent
3. Outlet for
extract
4. Helix
(screw)
5. Inclined
helix
Vertical screw (helix) extractor
1. Loading column
2. Helix to combine
3. Extractive column
4. Inlet for extragent
5. Outlet for extract
6. Helix (screw)
Disk extractor
1. Extractive tube
2, 5 Stars for movement of
rope
3. Steam jacket
6. Rope to which perforated
disks are attached
7. Perforated disks
8. Inlet for extragent
9. Hopper
10, 12 Collector of extragent
11. Outlet for extragent
Extractor with spring-blades
1. Body
2. Inlet for extragent
3. Outlet for extract
4. Camera is divided
on the sections
5. Drum with springblades
6. Plates for hitting
10,11 hopper for
HRM
Advantage of the methods
1. The most effective method to get a extract with a
higher yield and lower cost
2. Used a relatively small amount of extragent
3. Ability to automate the process
4. Little amount of the equipment
5. Exclude the work of downloading of raw material
Methods of extracts purification
1. Boiling, then standing in cool place and
filtering.
2. Boiling with adding of kaolin, then standing
and filtering.
3. Alcohol-purification method:
extract is evaporated to volume lees in twice,
adding of Ethylic Alcohol 96 % in double
amount, standing in cool place for 7 days.
Transparent solution is poured off, alcohol is
evaporated to obtaining soft extract.
Evaporation of extragent to soft
extracts production
- is process increasing extract viscosity by
removing of the extragent by evaporation in the
vacuum at the temperature about 50 - 60 °C.
The state of art are cautious vacuum evaporation
apparatus and evaporation temperatures not
exceeding 55 C.
The temperature in correlation with the evaporation
time is of special importance for quality of this
step of manufacture, if the extract contains easily
volatile or thermo- labile constituents.
Equipment for evaporation of the
extragent
1. The rotary directly flow
apparatus
2. Circulating vacuum
evaporator by firm Simax
3. Foam evaporator
The rotary directly flow
apparatus
1. Body (corp)
2. Inlet for liquid extract
3. Separation camera
4. To backing of drops
5. To vacuum
6. To dividing of extract on
the flows
7. Scrapers (blades)
8. Steam jacket
9. Shaft (rotor) rotating
10. Outlet for soft extract
Foam evaporator
1. Pump
2. Working capacity
3. Partition
4. Separator
5. Nipple for vapour
6. Devise for distribution
7. Inlet for liquid extract
8. Camera for evaporation
9. Ventilator
10. Nipple for condensed
extract
11. Horizontal hot tubes
Circulating vacuum
evaporator by firm Simax
1. Flask-collector
2, 3 Tubes of the heater
4. Flask for circulating of
drops and vapors of
extragent
5. Trunk
6. Condenser
7. Inlet for liquid extract
8. Flask for extragent
9. Outlet for extragent
10. Circulating tube for
vapors of extragent
12. Heater
Equipment
The plans of fulfilling of the dry
extracts production :
Evaporation stage is included
1. Obtaining of liquid extract
2. Purification of liquid extract
3. Manstruum evaporation
4. Drying of slightly evaporated
extract
5. Standardization
6. Packing, packaging and
labeling of final product
Without evaporation stage
1. Obtaining of liquid extract
2. Purification of liquid
extract
3. Drying of liquid extract
4. Standardization
5. Packing, packaging and
labeling of final product
Drying
Dry extract obtained in laboratory
Drying of the extracts in the dry extracts
production is the process of moisture
removal to obtain solid or powdered product
with a moisture content less than 5%.
Drying of purified extracts can be fulfilled
by two planes:
1) Drying of liquid extract without evaporation
2) Drying slightly condensed extract
after the evaporation stage.
Equipment for drying of
condensed extracts
1. Vacuum drying
apparatus
2. Vacuum roller dryers
Slightly evaporated
extract is placed on
trays by thin layer
and dried. Porous
mass is obtained
which is milled.
Slightly evaporated
extract is placed on
the hot rollers which
rotate toward to each
other. It is dried and
milling simultaneous.
Equipment for drying of liquid
extracts
1. Lyophilise or dye-sublimation
drying - freeze dryers.
2. Spray dryer.
Freeze dryers
Equipment used to dry slightly
condensed extracts
1. Cylindrical-vacuum drying
2. Vacuum-drying cupboard
Thanks