http://www.upworthy.com/the-only-thing-unnatural-about-gay-marriage-is-that-there-aren-t-enough-ads-out?c=ufb1 Sexual Orientation Gender Identity Broken Beer Bottle Chipped Tooth Lost files of a reported stalking incident Bag of dog poop When was the first time you remember knowing there is a sexual orientation other than heterosexual and what do you remember learning about LGBT people? What representations of LGBT people do you see today? Are they positive or negative? What is one LGBT topic you are interested in learning more about and what are ways to seek out information? •What if you don’t want to counsel an LGBT individual? • What does the Hermann/Herlihy article tell us? • What about ACA/APA ethical guidelines? 28 % students drop out of school because they feel unsupported 80% of anti-gay violence goes unreported 5x more likely to commit suicide 7x more likely to be a victim of a hate crime 90% report being bullied during school/college 40% report being physically harassed because of their sexual orientation 26x a day LGBTQ hear anti-gay slurs 82% reported faculty/staff never intervened when slurs were made 75% of people committing hate crimes are under 30 – majority are in school/college environment GPA for LGBTQ students who can identify supportive staff/faculty: 3.1 GPA for LGBTQ students who cannot identify supportive staff/faculty: 2.8 Suicide 47% have attempted 27% have attempted more than once 37% have seriously thought about suicide in last 12 months • Family Life 85% have come out to family 19% do not feel safe coming out to family 42% abused by family member 26% kicked out due to sexual identity • Sexual Behavior 16% have survival sex 43% have been forced to have sex 50% do not use protection 40% have never been tested for STDs (10% know have STD) • Coping Methods 35% smoke 90% use alcohol 29% use pot 30% use cocaine 22% use heroine 17% been to rehab 38% start fights 36% cutting 43% eating disord. 53% therapy -for depression & anxiety Attitudes Towards clients 6 Guidelines Previous beliefs in the profession about sexuality and mental illness Few differences in LGBT persons and heterosexual persons in matters of psychological functioning. What differences were found were attributed to social stigma of sexuality as opposed to intrinsic qualities of said persons. Seek consultation and training if indicated. Key issues to receive training in: Understanding of human sexuality The “Coming Out’ Process and it’s effect on clients Same Sex Relationship Dynamics Family of Origin Issues Spirituality issues that interact with sexuality decisions. Career Issues/Discrimination Coping Strategies for Healthy Living Realize prejudice, discrimination, violence poses risks to mental health Sexual Minority Orientation in a heteronormative society can cause persons to be at risk for greater stress from daily stresses and major events related to sexual orientation. Negative attitudes about sexual orientation may have been internalized. It is recommended that psychotherapists take an accurate and complete history to assesses for past victimization that may be related to sexual orientation. Psychotherapist must base treatment on accurate understanding of issues related to sexual orientation. (e.g. a psychotherapist providing information about sexual orientation & mental health; a psychotherapist debunking myths regarding heteronormativity and reparation therapy) Related to Romantic Partners communication difficulties, sexual problems dual-career issues, household chores commitment decisions, marriage discrimination, family Parenting Child custody LGBT parents (myths) Guideline 6: Relationships and Families • Guideline 6: Psychologists strive to understand the particular circumstances and challenges faced by lesbian, gay, and bisexual parents. – Legal/Social Welfare institutions have discriminated against LGBT parents and raised concern about their influence on a child's gender identity, gender role conformity, and sexual orientation. – Currently no data exists that supports differences in children on LGBT parents and children of heterosexual parents in regard to gender identity, gender role conformity, or sexual orientation. – Marriage rights/Hospital rights/Insurance Rigid gender-based roles unhealthier Limits relationships with members of one’s own gender Disrupts family relationships and communication Inhibits some LGBT people from developing an authentic selfidentity, causing undue stress Pressure to be heterosexually active to prove they are normal Stigmatizes and targets people who are perceived to be LGBT Denies the benefits and gifts LGBT have to offer Diverts energy away from more constructive endeavors Encourages bias for everyone Discourages diversity Sexual Orientation LGBTQQIAAP Gender Identity/Gender Expression Transgender, Transvestite, Transsexual Please write YOUR definition of the word(s) your group has been given. We will then discuss as a group and come to shared definitions. Sexual orientation is a pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes. Recent data and research estimates indicate that 3.5% - 10% of the population identifies as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. The visibility of LGBTQ individuals as a group is higher than ever. Biological Sex (genitals, hormones, chromosomes) Male Intersex (Hermaphrodite) Female Sexual Orientation (Kinsey Scale) 0 3 6 Straight Bisexual Gay/Lesbian (others include: Asexual, pansexual) Gender (socially constructed) and Gender Expression Masculine Androgynous Feminine What is Heterosexual Privilege? Examples? Heterosexual Questions - Microaggressions Heterosexual Privilege What is homophobia? Biphobia? Transphobia What is internalized homophobia? Thinking of an LGBTQ’s sexuality or gender identity rather than seeing them as a whole person Assuming a bisexual person is experimenting with a gay or lesbian relationship Changing your seat in a meeting if LGBTQ person sits next to you Thinking you can “spot one” Worrying about the effect LGBTQ person might have on your work environment or school Thinking that if a LGBTQ person touches you – they are making an advance Stereotyping lesbians as man-haters and gay men as sissies Feeling repulsed by displays of affection between LGBTQ individuals Wondering which one in the pair is the “man” or “woman” Assuming everyone you meet is probably heterosexual Being outspoken about queer rights, but making sure everyone knows you are straight The American Psychiatric Association classified “homosexuality” as a mental illness until 1973. The American Psychological Association took “homosexuality” out of the Diagnostic Statistician’s Manual (DSM) in 1973 The American Psychiatric Association, The American Psychological Association, and the American Counseling Association deem it unethical to practice “reparative” therapy (increased depression, suicide) ACA code of ethics states what? Nature/Heredity Environmental Factors Does it Matter? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =MfBOGXFkC8c There are differing opinions on the causes of being LGBT – most theories support Nature/Heredity Book: Is It a Choice? Heterosexual Questionnaire Nature/Heredity Environmental Factors Does it Matter? Lifelong process – stages of development (Cass, 1979) 1. Identity Confusion (feeling different) 2 Identity Comparison 3. Identity Tolerance (find support groups) 4. Identity Acceptance (Coming Out) 4. Pride Development 5. Synthesis Ongoing – not always one direction Different for different people Fear of being “outed” Why do people stay “in the closet?” What can you do if someone comes out to you? What might one say in each stage? Homophobia Biphobia Transphobia How can phobias be internalized? Thinking of an LGBTQ’s sexuality or gender identity rather than seeing them as a whole person Assuming a bisexual person is experimenting with a gay or lesbian relationship Changing your seat in a meeting if LGBTQ person sits next to you Thinking you can “spot one” Worrying about the effect LGBTQ person might have on your work environment or school Thinking that if a LGBTQ person touches you – they are making an advance Stereotyping lesbians as man-haters and gay men as sissies Feeling repulsed by displays of affection between LGBTQ individuals Wondering which one in the pair is the “man” or “woman” Assuming everyone you meet is probably heterosexual Being outspoken about queer rights, but making sure everyone knows you are straight Repulsion Pity Tolerance Acceptance Support Admiration Appreciation Nurturance Fill out the form first for yourself under “YOU” for things which you deserve Now fill it out for what you think everyone else deserves Is there a difference? Ethics Non-maleficence Do no harm Unconditional Positive Regard Do Good Respect for Autonomy Beneficence Counseling Individual Rights Justice: Fairness Fidelity: Keep your word Veracity: Truth Respect Not judging Empathy (not sympathy) Genuineness & Congruence General Systems Model INPUTS P R O C E S S E S OUTPUTS FEEDBACK An Integrative Model for Counselors Helping LGB Youth Through the Coming-Out Process Counselor Strategies and Interventions Internal Factors: Sexual-Identity Stage Internalized Feelings of Homophobia Self Esteem/Acceptance Mental Health Behaviors External Factors Family Environment School/Peer Environment Access to LGB Support Network Race/Culture Religion Previous Counseling Experience Addressing Personal Homophobia Openly Accepting and Being Supportive of LGB youth Getting Training re: LGB Issues; i.e., knowing stages of development Working With Parents As Needed – educating, conflict management, etc. Addressing family issues, peer issues, school environment, Addressing religious issues/beliefs Addressing issues of race/culture Addressing previous counseling exp. Providing Resources (i.e., literature and support groups) Specific Techniques: Role Playing, Reframing issues Social Advocacy/Policy Changes Client Outputs Coming Out Process Client Inputs Self Esteem/ Self Acceptance Mental Health Behaviors Family Support Peer Support LGB Community Support Institution Support Religion/Schools Gender Identity Acceptance/Integration Continued Support as Needed Sexual-Identity Stage Religion Helps Counselor Determine Interventions/Strategies Race/Culture *Identity Confusion *Identity Comparison *Identity Tolerance *Identity Acceptance (disc) *Identity Pride *Identity Synthesis Access to LGB Support Network *Cass (1984) Internalized Feelings of Homophobia Self Esteem & Acceptance Mental Health Behaviors School/Peer Environment Family Environment Previous Counseling Experience Key: Internal Factors External Factors Counselor Strategies and Interventions: Getting Training re: LGB Issues; i.e., knowing stages of development Addressing Personal Homophobia Openly Accepting and Being Supportive of LGB youth Working With Parents As Needed – educating, conflict management, etc. Addressing family issues, peer issues, school environment, Addressing religious issues/beliefs Addressing issues of race/culture Addressing previous counseling experience Providing Resources (i.e., literature and support groups) Specific Techniques: Role Playing, Reframing issues Social Advocacy/ Policy Changes Coming Out Process Client Outputs Self Esteem/ Self Acceptance Mental Health Behaviors Family Support Peer Support LGB Community Support Institution Support Religion/Schools Gender Identity Acceptance/Integration Continued Support as Needed • • • • • • Jerry: A Case Study 17 year old Hispanic Catholic Gay Male Working 3 part time jobs Quit school at 16 due to being bullied • Attends a weekly GLBT youth support group • Referred to counseling for depression and anger issues • Previous Counseling experience (x2) Sexual-Identity Stage Religion Helps Counselor Determine Interventions/Strategies Race/Culture *Identity Confusion *Identity Comparison *Identity Tolerance *Identity Acceptance (disc) *Identity Pride *Identity Synthesis Access to LGB Support Network *Cass (1984) Internalized Feelings of Homophobia Self Esteem & Acceptance Mental Health Behaviors School/Peer Environment Family Environment Previous Counseling Experience Key: Internal Factors External Factors Internal Factors External Factors Religion *raised Catholic *told he is evil *Wicca Sexual-Identity Stage *Identity Tolerance/Identity Acceptance Has Internalized Feelings of Homophobia/Anger Self Esteem & Acceptance Low Race/Culture *Hispanic *looked down upon Access to GLBT Support Network *GLBT youth group weekly meetings *Family meetings Previous Counseling Experience *2 different counselors *”Reparative therapy” Mental Health Behaviors *cutting *suicide attempts *drug & alcohol attempts *journalizing *meditation Family Environment *Feels mother, brother and sister-in-law won’t be supportive because of religious beliefs Psycho-educational regarding stages – Normalizing Feelings Addressing Personal Homophobia Addressing religious issues/beliefs – finding common church for family/himself Wicca practices Specific Techniques: Role Playing, Reframing issues (e.g. anger management) Openly Accepting and Being Supportive of GLBT youth Working With Parents As Needed – educating, conflict management, etc. Addressing issues of race/culture Mental Health Behaviors: meditation, music, journaling Continued Support as Needed Coming Out Process Counselor Strategies and Interventions Counselor Strategies and Interventions: Getting Training re: LGB Issues; i.e., knowing stages of development Addressing Personal Homophobia Openly Accepting and Being Supportive of LGB youth Working With Parents As Needed – educating, conflict management, etc. Addressing family issues, peer issues, school environment, Addressing religious issues/beliefs Addressing issues of race/culture Addressing previous counseling experience Providing Resources (i.e., literature and support groups) Specific Techniques: Role Playing, Reframing issues Social Advocacy/ Policy Changes What are some potential biases a counselor needs to be aware of within her or himself when working with a LGBT client? Identify inappropriate reactions a counselor may have when finding that his or her client is a sexual minority. Drawing from the Matthews/Salazar article, what are some key issues faced by LGBT individuals? What can counselors do to alleviate some of these issues faced by sexual minorities? PFLAG Gay/Straight alliances (GSA’s) – High School www.glsen.org Safe Zone/Safe Spaces) - Universities ALGBTIC; TALGBTIC through ACA and TCA www.gsanetwork.org GLSEN: Gay, lesbian and straight education network www.pflag.org www.algbtic.org www.txca.org/tca/TALGBTIC_Home.asp Churches/Church Leaders (Cathedral of Hope) Lenses Book Chapter 9 Sarah P. 277 What are the issues to be considered? How would you work with Sarah? Chapter 10 Jeff P. 310 What factors would you take into consideration? How would you work with Jeff?