Studio in Drawing & Painting: Sketchbook
Name:
Directions: There will be 7 sketchbook assignments due this year. As if it is a formula, you will
choose one item from each of the boxes below to create your original piece of Art. Make
sure your finished pages deeply explore the items from each box, are creative, interesting
and demonstrate good craftsmanship. Each item may be used only once.
The Elements of Art
The Principles of Design
Media
Color
Line
Shape
Form
Space
Value
Texture
Pattern
Contrast
Emphasis
Balance
Rhythm
Variety
Unity
Watercolor
Gouache
Charcoal/Pastel
Collage
Pen/ Pen & Ink
Color Pencil/Art Stix
Printmaking
Goals:
-
Create an original piece of Artwork that combines the Element, Principle and Media
Demonstrate a quality use of the chosen media
Demonstrate exceptional craftsmanship/ neatness
Due dates:
#1: Tue. Oct. 29, 2013,
#5: Tue. Jan. 28, 2014,
#2: Tue. Nov. 19, 2013,
#6: Tue. Feb. 25, 2014,
#3: Tue. Dec. 10, 2013,
#4: Tue. Jan. 7, 2014,
#7: Tue. Mar. 18, 2014
Rubric:
Part
Name
1
Information
2
Element &
Principle &
Media
3
Artwork
4
Creativity
Description /
Mastery Demonstrated By
- Important terms are defined for Element, Principle and Media (5 points)
- Some historical information is provided for the media (10 points)
- Names/examples of Artists using the media or Artwork in that media are
included – minimum of 2 Artists or Artworks (Include Artist, Title and Media)
(10 points)
- Samples/examples are included for selected Element (5 points)
- Samples/examples are included for selected Principle (5 points)
- Samples/examples are included for selected Media. Media examples
include a variety of techniques/looks that can be achieved (15 points)
- In some way create your own Artwork that incorporates the Element,
Principle and Media (15 points)
- Artwork is developed or exploratory and really tries to explore how the
three things combine. It is evident that considerable time was spent
exploring the combination of the element, principle and media (10 points)
- Overall layout of the pages work together/flow (10 points)
- It is obvious that considerable time is spent on the assignment (15 points)
TOTAL POINTS:
Possible
Points
25
25
25
25
100
Studio in Drawing & Painting: Sketchbook
Terms/ Vocabulary: Define terms in bold
Color: Color has many aspects and can be used in many ways.
Color can be used as a scheme, such as, primary color,
secondary color, intermediate/tertiary color, complementary
colors, split complementary colors, triad color scheme,
monochromatic, analogous color scheme, warm, cool, etc. Hue
refers to the name of the color, value is the lightness & darkness of
a color, chroma is the intensity of the color, a tint is a color with
white added, and a shade is a color with black added.
Line: A line is a continuous mark. Contour line, and line quality (or
line weight) are terms that refer to lines. There are many types of
lines:
Diagonal, dotted, spiral, straight, vertical, horizontal, curved, wavy,
jagged, broken, thick, thin, squiggly, dashed, zig –zag, etc.
Shape: Geometric shapes (mathematical), organic shapes
(relating to nature), and amorphous shapes (free form) are the
three types of shapes. Positive shapes refer to the shapes that
make up an object.
Form: Form implies three-dimensions, where a circle is a shape a
sphere is a form. When drawing a form, use the Element of Value
to make the form appear 3-dimensional.
Space: Space relates to perspective, there is 1-point perspective,
2-point perspective, and even 3-point perspective. Space in
artwork is created through the use of a foreground, middle ground
and background. Space can also refer to negative space, or the
empty space surrounding an object. Proportion relates to space,
the space an object takes up in relation to other objects and it’s
environment. Overlapping is often a good way to demonstrate
space.
Example:
Studio in Drawing & Painting: Sketchbook
Value: Value is the relative lightness or darkness. Value helps
define the object and show it 3-dimensionally. Without value a
circle cannot become a sphere. Tone, tint, and shade are all
terms used when discussing value.
Texture: Texture refers to the tactile qualities of a surface. There
are two types of textures: real textures are ones that can be felt
and implied texture are painted, drawn or photographed textures
that evoke the sensory feeling of an object.
Pattern: The Principle of Pattern refers to using colors and lines to
create consistency within a work of Art. Patterns can use elements
such as line, color, shape, or texture. Patterns are created by
repetition of an Element or Elements.
Contrast: Contrast in Artwork occurs when two elements are
different or opposite. Generally, the greater the difference the
greater the contrast will be. Some common elements to use for
contrast are size, shape, color, value, type, texture, direction and
movement. Contrast can catch the viewer’s eye and move them
around the piece of Art. Contrast can be light/dark, large/small,
thick/thin, blue/orange, black/white, jagged/smooth, etc.
Emphasis: Emphasis in Artwork refers to making part of the image
stand out, thus drawing a viewers’ attention. This is generally
achieved through the use of a Focal Point.
Balance: Balance in Artwork refers to making an image feel
complete or equal on either side. Just like an object needs
balance or it could tip over, in Artwork balance needs to be
achieved so the image appears stable. Symmetrical (Formal)
Balance is when an image can be split down the center and is
mirrored on either side, Asymmetrical (Informal) Balance is when
the space feels complete but is not symmetrical.
Asymmetrical
Symmetrical
Studio in Drawing & Painting: Sketchbook
Rhythm: Rhythm (sometimes referred to as Movement) in Artwork
refers to the path the viewer’s eye takes through the Artwork. An
Artist uses the elements to create repetition, flow or movement
within the Artwork. When rhythm is used well it can unify the
Artwork to make it more visually appealing. Linear rhythm,
repetition, and gradation are often employed to achieve this.
Variety: Variety is achieved through the use of contrast and unity
in Artwork. By spotlighting differences in Artwork, you create visual
interest and hence Variety. Variety can be achieved by utilizing
opposites or strong contrast. Slight changes in size or point of view
can add variety. Breaking a pattern slightly can add variety as
well.
Unity: Unity, by definition, brings it all together. Unity is the final
result when all the various Elements and Principles utilized within a
piece of Art are working together and are pleasing to the eye. All
parts of the image are working together without conflict; making
them a complete finished Work of Art. Unity creates a sense of
order and makes the piece feel complete.
Media: Below are some ideas/ suggestions for each of the media
choices you have to work with.
Watercolor: Watercolor is a water-soluble paint that can be
thinned with water giving a transparent color. Watercolor has
been utilized since perhaps cave painting days, and has been
seen during important Art movements throughout time, such as
ancient Chinese scroll paintings, Illuminated Manuscript paintings
of the middle ages and Renaissance paintings. Watercolor is
typically used on paper. Watercolor techniques include: washes
(flat and graded), glazes, wet on wet, dry brush, splattering,
masking fluid, lifting wet, salt, plastic wrap, etc.
Gouache: Gouache is a water-soluble paint that is similar to
watercolor, however it is opaque, making it ideal for covering
brushstrokes or other marks. Additionally, gouache has more
pigment to water than watercolor. Gouache tends to dry quickly
and to a matt finish. When applied too thickly it can tend to
crack. Many designers, illustrators, and commercial Artists use
gouache to create crisp, vibrant, solid color visuals. Gouache is
also great for plein air painters (painting on location, typically
outside), who need to work faster than studio Artists. Gouache
techniques include: wet-over-wet, wet-over-dry, layering, adding
texture, blending, etc.
*Be sure to look at works done in each
particular media, many Artists will work in
a variety of different media
John James
Charles Sheeler
Audubon
Illuminated Manuscripts
Studio in Drawing & Painting: Sketchbook
Charcoal/Pastel: Charcoal is a dry media that is black and white.
Charcoal is made by burning organic material, such as different
types of sticks or wood. Pastel is considered a Painting media and
is similar in look and feel to charcoal, however it is available in a
wide range of colors. Both media can be used on any type of
surface to create fields of blended value or color as well as the
look of textures. Typically these media need to be used with a
spray fixative to secure the image so it does not rub off or smear.
Types of charcoal: compressed charcoal, charcoal pencils, vine
charcoal (thin & medium). Types of pastel: soft pastel, firm pastel,
compressed pastel (conte crayons), pastel pencils (CarbOthello).
Techniques for each include: drawing with the end, using the
edge, hatching & cross-hatching, blending (rubbing), scumbling
(overlapping), feathering (hatch over solid), lifting (erasing),
dusting.
Collage: The term collage is derived from the terms “coller”
meaning “glue.” Collage is created when parts are assembled in
layers with glue to make something new. A collage may
sometimes include newspaper clippings, ribbons, bits of colored or
handmade papers, portions of other artwork or texts,
photographs, etc. glued to a piece of paper or canvas.
Techniques include: collage onto painting, decoupage and
photomontage.
Käthe Kollwitz
Claude Monet
Pen/Pen & Ink: Pen media can include the use of ball-point pen,
Sharpie, crow-quill pen, india ink, color ink, etc. Pen and ink is
typically used to create value, texture and 3-dimensionality in
Artwork. Line quality, directionality, and type are very important in
conveying the texture and 3-dimensionality of an object in this
media. Techniques include: Hatching, crosshatching, contour
hatching, stippling, splattering, scumbling (scribbling), ink wash,
etc.
Color Pencil/Art Stix: Color pencil, as defined by the Color Pencil
Society of America, is a media that must come in a dry solid form,
cannot be brushed off and must dry completely. They contain
pigment in a binder that can often contain wax. When used
correctly, color pencils can give the effect of a fully colored
painting. Techniques include: layering, building up color, color
mixing, gradation, burnishing (make shiny/smooth), hatching,
cross-hatching, sgraffito (scratching into a layer to reveal layer(s)
below), blending, frottage (texture rubbing), and stippling.
Leonardo da Vinci
Cynthia Knox
Deborah Friedman
Printmaking: Printmaking is the process of creating artworks by
printing, generally multiple copies can be created of the same
work, called a Print. (Exception Monotyping). Each print is not
considered a copy, but is rather considered an original. Multiple
impressions printed from the same image are know as an edition.
Editions are numbered and often limited by the Artist. Types of
Printmaking processes include: relief - ink applied to the surface
(woodcut, woodblock, wood engraving, linocut and metal cut);
intaglio - ink applied beneath the surface (engraving, etching,
mezzotint, aquatint, drypoint); Planographic – print is the surface
(lithography, monotype, monoprint, and digital techniques);
Stencil – ink is pressed through a prepared screen (screenprinting)
Andy Warhol
Albrecht Dürer
Robert Rauschenberg
Pablo Picasso
Studio in Drawing & Painting: Sketchbook