Warm Up
 What happens when water enters the ground through
infiltration and undergoes percolation? Why is this
important to humans?
Ground Water
And it’s interaction with the surface water.
Today
 EEn.2.3.2 - Explain how ground water and surface
water interact.
Agenda
 Warm up and discussion.
 Complete fill in the blank notes.
 Groups of 4:
 Jigsaw Artisian Well, Pumped Well, Influent Stream, and
Effluent Stream.
Groundwater
 When rain and snowmelt infiltrate the ground.
 Soil and rock are full of tiny pores and cracks, usually
less than millimeters in size, which allow for water to
enter and collect underground in the Aquifer.
 Like a giant sponge.
Water Table
The Water
Table
• Unsaturated zone: through which water moves downward
and whose pore space is not completely filled.
• Saturated zone: in which water collects and whose pore
space is completely filled.
• The plane of separation between these two zones is the
water table.
Flooding
 The level of the water table determines if flooding will
occur in an area.
Warm Up 2/2/2016
Today
 Complete Warm-up
 Complete Jigsaw started yesterday
 Complete Ground Water Notes and Discussion
Jigsaw Activity
 Get into Groups of 4. Each member of the group is
responsible for creating a sketch of their topic on the
front of their sheet (Artesian Well, Pumped Well,
Influent Stream, and Effluent Stream). They must give
and explanation of what is and how it connects ground
and surface water.
Porosity
 The porosity of a substance relates to the amount of
holes or pockets the substance has to hold gases or
liquids.
 High porosity means there are a lot of holes for fluids to
be stored.
 Low porosity means there a not a lot of holes for fluids to
be stored.
Permeability
 Permeability relates to a substances ability to allow
fluids to be passed through its pores and cracks.
 High permeability relates to a substance that allows a lot
of fluids to flow through it.
 Low permeability relates to a substance that does not
allow a lot of fluids to flow through it.
Aquifers
 Aquifers are underground storage areas of water that
occur on top of an impermeable (no fluids flow through)
layer of rock
 They are fed by the filtration and percolation of water
through the upper soil levels. This is called recharge and
it doesn’t occur in all soils.
 Discussion Question: Which combination of porosity
and permeability is best suited to allow recharge to
occur and form an aquifer? Explain
Aquifers
 The best conditions for aquifers and recharge zones
are soils that are high in porosity and high in
permeability, which sit on an impermeable rock base.
Discussion Question
 Are we limited to one aquifer per section of
Lithosphere? Explain.
Aquifers
 There may be one or more aquifers in a region
depending on the location of permeable and
impermeable rocks in the the lithosphere of that area.
 Alternating layers of permeable and impermeable rock
can allow for multiple aquifers with differing water tables
depending on their recharge sites.
Discussion
 What roles do the 4 interactions previously looked at
(artesian well, pumped well, influent stream, and
effluent stream) play in the hydrologic cycle?