HAZARD & RISK How would you define the terms hazard and risk? A hazard is a source of danger which can be defined as “a condition or situation that exists in the work environment that could result in physical harm, injury and/ or damage”. Risk relates to exposure to the danger and is defined as “the probability of any injury or loss occurring from the hazard”. TYPES OF HAZARDS Can you give me some examples of a visible hazard? Untidy Working area Missing machine guards Broken or damaged ladders Slippery surface. Can you give me some examples of a hidden hazard? Toxic/asphyxiating gases Vapors inside a confined space Emission from a radioactive source Can you give some examples of a developing hazard?” Building and structural damage due to vibration or moisture Corrosion and weathering of metal components Exposure to constant noise which is above the recommended levels Abnormal wear and tear on critical parts of machinery, plant and equipment Deterioration from ultra-violet radiation or chemical reaction Hazard Awareness – Spot the Hazards Working at Heights Hazard Awareness – Spot the Hazards 1. Operatives not wearing safety helmets 2. No edge protection to roof nothing to stop materials falling off 3. Roof ladder not long enough 4. Access ladder tied to gutter 5. Ladder leaning on gutter 6. Access ladder too short 7. Manual handling 8. Unprotected skylight 9. Operative kneeling on fragile roof materials 10. Operative not wearing sensible clothing 11. Loose tools in bag liable to fall out onto persons below 12. Carrying tools up ladder. Only one hand available to steady operative on the ladder 13. No safe access onto roof Working at Heights Hazard Awareness – Spot the Hazards Ground Excavations Hazard Awareness – Spot the Hazards 1. No ladder or safe access 2. Operatives not wearing safety helmets 3. Timbering inadequate to safety support the sides of the excavation 4. Cable crossing excavation both unprotected and unsupported 5. Edges of excavation unsafe and breaking away 6. Some wedges used to tighten up timbering missing 7. No securing pins in screw jack 8. Operatives not wearing correct safety footwear 9. Operative climbing on screw jack 10. Board incorrectly toed in 11. Spoil heap in dangerous position 12. Soil slipping between trench supports 13. Unwedged strut across excavation 14. Can of fuel incorrectly stored Ground Excavations Hazard Awareness – Spot the Hazards Lifting Operations Hazard Awareness – Spot the Hazards 1. No safety clip on crane hook 2. Shackle between crane hook and sling ring 3. Knot in right-hand sling 4. Angle between legs of sling too wide 5. Insecure slinging method, chain Lifting Operations too near end of load. Is load secure? 6. Spare sling legs not hooked back 7. Load off level 8. What is SWL of sling? 9. Signaller not wearing safety helmet 10. Correct hand signals not being used 11. Adjacent excavation not guarded 12. Outrigger of crane too near to edge of trench on unstable ground 13. Tag rope not being used 14. Driver cannot see signaler 15. Nails in timber sticking up 16. Spoil heap causing possible trip hazard 17. Spoil heap sited too close to edge of excavation CATEGORIES OF HAZARDS Does anyone know the 6 general categories of hazards? Physical (noise, vibration, temperature) Chemical /Substances (exposure to cyanide, acids, caustic soda, lead) Ergonomic ( work area layout, equipment design, instrument layout) Radiation (ultraviolet exposure from the sun or welding, infrared from drying or heating processes) Biological (viruses, bacteria, parasites) Psychological (work load, shift arrangement, workplace violence) ASSESSING THE RISK “Does anyone remember the definition of risk?” RISK relates to exposure to a danger and is defined as “the probability of any injury or loss occurring from the hazard” What would be an example in each category? Some Consequences of high risk examples would be: Loss of life Permanent disability Loss of body part Extensive loss of structure, equipment or material “What would be an example in each category?” cont.. Some Consequences of medium risk examples would be: Serious injury or illness that results in a temporary disability Property damage that is disruptive but less severe than a high risk hazard “What would be an example in each category?” cont.. Some Consequences of Low risk examples would be: Minor, on-disabling injury or illness Non-disruptive property damage DEALING WITH HAZARDS Can anyone suggest what these are? Elimination Replacement Isolation Control (work permits ) Personal Protective Equipment Disciplines (Procedures, work instruction ) How can we, as individuals, help to eliminate hazards and protect ourselves and others? Clean up after the job Store and stack items correctly Post hazard warning signs Barricade the work area if a short term hazard exists eg welding /excavation Operate equipment correctly Follow the specified safe work procedures Not walk away from a hazard – fix or report it SUMMARY During the talk we have discussed how to: Identify different types of hazards Categorize hazards Assess the risk associated with hazards Eliminate hazard How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis for a critical job Divide the task into sequences of basic steps. Hazard Identification – Identify all potential hazards in each basic step . How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis for a critical job Estimate the consequence or severity of the event Consequences Categories 5 Major Causing death to one or more people. Loss or damage is such that it could cause serious business disruption (e.g. major fire, explosion or structural damage). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value 4 Sever Causing permanent disability. (e.g. loss of limb, sight or hearing). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value. 3 Significant Causing temporary disability. (e.g. fractures). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value. 2 Minor Causing significant injuries. (e.g. sprain, bruises, and lacerations). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value e.g. damage to fixtures and fittings. Slight Causing minor injuries. (e.g. cuts, scratches). No lost time likely other than for first aid treatment. Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value e.g. superficial damage to interior decorations. 1 Determine the Likelihood or probability of event occurring Likelihood Categories 5 4 3 2 1 Certain Absence of any management controls. If conditions remains unchanged there is almost 100% certainty that an accident will happen. (e.g. broken rung on a ladder, live exposed electrical conductor, and untrained personnel). Probable Serious failures in management controls. The effect of human behavior or other factors could cause an accident but is unlikely without this additional factor (e.g. ladder not secured properly, oil spilled on floor, poor trained personnel). Possible Insufficient or substandard controls in place. Loss is unlikely during normal operation, however it may occur in emergencies or non routine conditions (e.g. keys left in forklift trucks; obstructed gangways; refresher training required). likely The situation is generally well managed, however occasional lapses could occur. This also applies to situations where people are required to behave safely in order to protect themselves but are well trained. Improbable Loss, accident or illness could only occur under exceptional conditions. The situation is well managed and all reasonable precautions have been taken. Ideally, this should be the normal state of the workplace. How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis for a critical job Evaluate the Risk- Likelihood X Severity Certain 5 10 15 20 25 Probable 4 8 12 16 20 Possible 3 6 9 12 15 Improbable 2 4 6 8 10 Negligible 1 2 3 4 5 Major Severe Significant Minor SEVERITY Slight LIKELIHOOD How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis for a critical job Risk Management – by setting control measures. Re evaluate the risk after control measures. ANY QUESTIONS THANKS