California Supplemental Examination

Cocktails + Codes: The 12 Parts of Title 24

December 9, 2014

1

What is Title 24?

 Title 24 and its place in California regulatory schema

The 12 Parts of Title 24

 Model codes, amendments, and unique elements

 Simple examples

Q + A

Cocktails + Codes: The 12 Parts of Title 24 December 9, 2014

2

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

Accessibility Code

Building Code

Energy Code

All of the above *

None of the above

* Title 24 is the California

Building Standards Code

(CBSC), one of 28 “titles” within the California Code of Regulations (CCR)

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

1.

2.

3.

4.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

General Provisions

Administration

Food and Agriculture

Business Regulations

Education

Governor’s Regulations [empty]

Harbors and Navigation

Industrial Relations

Rehabilitative and Developmental Services

Investment

Law

Military and Veterans Affairs

Motor Vehicles

Natural Resources

Crime Prevention and Corrections

Professional and Vocational Regulations

Public Health

Public Revenues

Public Safety

Public Utilities and Energy

Public Works

Social Security

Waters

Building Standards Code

Housing and Community Development

Toxics

Environmental Protection

Managed Health Care


3







Compilation of 3 building criteria types from 3 origins:

›

›

›

Building standards adopted by state agencies without change from national model codes;

Building standards adopted by state agencies and adapted from national model codes for California conditions; and

Building standards, authorized by the California legislature, that constitute extensive additions not covered by model codes, adopted to address particular California concerns.

National model code standards adopted into Title 24 apply to all occupancies and jurisdictions in the state.

› Exception: Modifications adopted by state agencies and local governing bodies that are more restrictive in nature.

Triennial editions published since 1989 (except 2004).

Cocktails + Codes: The 12 Parts of Title 24 December 9, 2014 4







Twelve parts

›

›

Part 1 through Part 12

No Part 7 (Elevator Code duplicated CCR Title 8, subchapter 6)

“New” Part 2.5 for Residential Code ›

Most parts are based on “model codes” published by…

›

›

ICC (Building, Residential, Fire, Existing Building)

IAPMO (Mechanical, Plumbing )

NFPA (Electrical) ›

Some parts are unique to California

›

›

›

›

Administrative Code (Part 1)

Energy Code (Part 6)

Historical Building Code (Part 8)

Green Building Standards Code (Part 11), a/k/a “CALGreen”




Common errors

›

›

›

›

Using model codes instead of Title 24 versions

 Applying model code provisions that are not adopted for use in California (e.g., IBC Ch. 29)

Applying adopted Title 24 provisions unilaterally that are intended for only specific building occupancies, building features, or jurisdictions

Not applying non-model-code Title 24 provisions developed to implement state laws

Use of Title 24 provisions that have been superseded by issued replacement pages








California Building Standards Law

›

›

State laws enacted by the legislature and signed by the Governor

California Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part

2.5, §18901 et seq.

 Creates the California Building Standards Commission

 Establishes how codes are adopted and published

California Building Standards Code

›

›

Regulations adopted by the executive branch (also known as “state agencies”)

Title 24 of California Code of Regulations

California Building Code

› Part 2 of Title 24 of California Code of Regulations






Not all of the text of Title 24 is equally applicable to all “authorities having jurisdiction” (stage agencies)

Title 24 uses “matrix adoption tables” to identify which sections are adopted by each state agency

X

X

X

X



1: Administrative Code

2: Building Code

2.5: Residential Code

3: Electrical Code

4: Mechanical Code

5: Plumbing Code

6: Energy Code

8: Historical Building Code

9: Fire Code

10: Existing Building Code

11: Green Building Standards Code

12: Referenced Standards Code


10


1: Administrative

2: Building

2.5: Residential

3: Electrical

4: Mechanical

5: Plumbing

6: Energy

8: Historical Building

9: Fire

10: Existing Building

11: Green Building

12: Referenced Standards



California

(Building Standards)

Administrative Code

› Unique to California — published by ICC but not based on “model code”

›

›

Establishes administrative regulations related to building design and construction for various state agencies

Establishes general provisions for building design and construction for various project types




The state agencies include:

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

California Building Standards

Commission ( BSC )

Department of Housing and

Community Development ( HCD )

Division of the State Architect -

Structural Safety ( DSA-SS )

Division of the State Architect - Access

Compliance ( DSA-AC )

Department of Public Health ( DPH )

California Energy Commission ( CEC )

Corrections Standards Authority ( CSA )

Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development ( OSHPD )

Office of the State Fire Marshal ( SFM )

California State Library ( SL )

State Land Commission ( SLC )





The project types include:

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

Essential services buildings

State buildings

Public school construction

Public pools

Retail food establishments

Disabled access to public buildings

Hospitals and other health facilities

Part 1 of Title 24 establishes administrative regulations for authorities and building standards authorized by

Chapter 1, Division I, of

Part 2 of Title 24 (CBC)



1: Administrative

2: Building

2.5: Residential

3: Electrical

4: Mechanical

5: Plumbing

6: Energy


9: Fire


11: Green Building


Minimum requirements are not necessarily sufficient to meet the minimum standard of care.

“Code minimum” is the worst possible building you are legally allowed to construct.



California Building Code

(

CBC

)

› Based on the International

Building Code (IBC) published by ICC

›

›

›

Integrated with most of the other state building standards codes (e.g., the

California Fire Code)

Bound in two volumes

 Volume 2 binder also contains Parts 8 and 10

Establishes minimum requirements




Establishes

›

›

› minimum requirements

Safeguard the public health, safety and general welfare through

 Structural strength

 Means of egress facilities

 Stability

 Access to persons with disabilities

 Sanitation

 Adequate lighting and ventilation

 Energy conservation

Safety to life and property from fire and other hazards attributed to the built environment

Safety to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations





Applies to ...

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

Construction

Alteration

Movement

Enlargement

Replacement

Repair

Equipment

Use and occupancy

Location

Maintenance

Removal

Demolition ›

... of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or structures


Volume 1



Administrative provisions



›

›

Scoping

Definitions

Basic building characteristics

›

›

Use and Occupancy

Allowable heights and areas

Types of Construction



›

Detailed requirements

›

›

›

›

›

Fire and Smoke

Protection

Finishes and Interiors

Means of Egress

Accessibility

Exterior Walls and Roofs


Volume 2



Structural provisions



›

›

›

Design & inspection

Soils & foundations

Materials

 Concrete

 Aluminum

 Masonry

 Steel

 Wood

Non-structural materials



›

›

›

›

›

Glass & Glazing

Gypsum Board & Plaster

Plastic

Special provisions

Elevators

Referenced Standards

December 9, 2014 17



Review the “Effective Use of the

IBC/CBC” document at the front of the code (before the matrix adoption tables)

›

›

Administrative Provisions

Nonstructural Provisions 

 Occupancy and construction type

 Sprinklers

 Location on site

 Allowable building size

 Special detailed occupancy requirements

 Fire and smoke protection

 Interior finishes (floor, wall, ceiling)

 Means of egress and occupant loads

 Special use features

 Accessibility

 Other provisions (e.g., elevators, glazing, canopies)

› Structural Provisions

 Design loads (ASCE 7-05)

 Structural materials

 Structural analysis, design and detailing

You should be aware of this suggested process, but you do not have to use it for every building’s code analysis




A a

›

›

›

›

= {A t

+ [A t

×I f

] + [A

A a story (square feet) t

×I s

]}

= allowable area per

A t

= tabular building area per story per Table 503

(square feet)

I f

= area increase factor for frontage per §506.2

I s

= area increase factor for sprinklers per §506.3

 I s

 I s

= 3 for single story

= 2 for 2+ stories




I f

›

›

= [F÷P – 0.25] × W÷30

F = building perimeter that fronts on public way or open space ≥ 20' wide (linear feet)

P = total building perimeter (linear feet)

› W = width of public way or open space, weighted as (L

×w

2

+ …) ÷ F

›

›

December 9, 2014

Maximum I f

= 0.75

19

1

×w

L

2

Maximum W = 30'

1

+









What is the allowable building area for a

1 story office building constructed of non-fire-resistant wood framing with automatic sprinklers?

› For the purposes of this example, we’ll ignore the possibility of frontage

Table 503

A a

A a

= {9000 + [0] + [9000×3]}

= 36,000



1: Administrative

2: Building

2.5: Residential

3: Electrical

4: Mechanical

5: Plumbing

6: Energy


9: Fire


11: Green Building




California Residential

Code (

CRC

)


Residential Code (IRC) published by ICC

›

›

Establishes minimum requirements

Simplified organization and building standards








Establishes minimum requirements for the same purposes as the CBC

Applies to the same list of possible activities (construction, alteration, repair, etc.)

Applies to “every detached one- and two-family dwelling , efficiency dwelling unit , and townhouse not more than three stories above grade plane in height with a separate means of egress and structures accessory thereto”



Exceptions:

› Live/work units complying with the requirements of Section 419 of the California

Building Code

› Owner-occupied lodging houses with 5 or fewer guest rooms



1: Administrative

2: Building

2.5: Residential

3: Electrical

4: Mechanical

5: Plumbing

6: Energy


9: Fire


11: Green Building




California Electrical

Code

› Based on the National

Electrical Code (NEC) published by NFPA

›

›

Practical safeguarding from electrical hazards but not instructions

Establishes “necessary” standards for electrical safety and functionality








Purpose

› Practical safeguarding of persons and properties from hazards arising from the use of electricity.

Intent

› Not intended as a design specification or an instruction manual for untrained persons.

Adequacy

›

›

Provisions of code are considered necessary for safety .

Code compliance and proper maintenance results in an installation that is essentially free from hazard but not necessarily efficient, convenient, or adequate for good service or future expansion of electrical use.












Chapters 1-4:

General provisions for all installations

Chapters 5-7:

Supplemental provisions

Chapter 8:

Communication systems (not subject to 1-7 UNO)

Chapter 9: Tables

(as referenced elsewhere)

Annexes A-H: For informational purposes only

December 9, 2014 26


1: Administrative

2: Building

2.5: Residential

3: Electrical

4: Mechanical

5: Plumbing

6: Energy


9: Fire


11: Green Building




California Mechanical

Code (

CMC

)

› Based on the Uniform

Mechanical Code (UMC) published by IAPMO

› Establishes minimum standards for HVAC+R, incinerators, and heatproducing appliances




Minimum standards

›

›

Safeguarding life or limb, health, property, and public welfare through regulation and control of…

Design, construction, installation, quality of materials, location, operation, and maintenance or use of…

 Heating, ventilating, cooling, and refrigeration systems

 Incinerators

 Other miscellaneous heatproducing appliances






Exception: When approved by the AHJ, minor additions, alterations and repairs to existing mechanical systems shall be permitted to be installed in accordance with the law in effect at the time the original installation was made.

Applies to the…

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

…of any

›

›

›

Addition

Erection

Installation

Alteration

Repair

Relocation

Replacement

Use

Maintenance

Heating, ventilating, cooling, refrigeration systems

Incinerators

Other miscellaneous heatproducing appliances.

December 9, 2014 29


1: Administrative

2: Building

2.5: Residential Building

3: Electrical

4: Mechanical

5: Plumbing

6: Energy


9: Fire


11: Green Building




California Plumbing

Code (

CPC

)

› Based on the Uniform

Plumbing Code (UPC) published by IAPMO

› Establishes minimum standards for plumbing systems (piping, fixtures, fittings, etc.) including roof drains and natural gas

› Supersedes IBC Chapter

29, which is not adopted by California






Scope

› Applies to the erection, installation, alteration, repair, relocation, replacement, addition to, use, or maintenance of plumbing systems.

Table 422.1

›

›

›

Plumbing fixture count

Uses Table A for occupant loads, not

CBC Chapter 10

IBC Chapter 29 is not adopted by California



1: Administrative

2: Building

2.5: Residential

3: Electrical

4: Mechanical

5: Plumbing

6: Energy


9: Fire


11: Green Building




California Energy Code

›

›

›

Also known as “Building

Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and

Nonresidential Buildings”

Unique to California — published by ICC but not based on “model code”

Developed by California

Energy Commission (CEC) with only statutory approval by Building Standards

Commission (BSC)

› Establishes minimum requirements but also prescriptive and performance based options for compliance


Not applicable to

Occupancy Groups I or L



The California Energy Code applies to all buildings:

›

›

›

In Occupancy Groups A, B,

E, F, H, M, R, S or U; and

For which an application for a building permit or renewal of an existing permit is filed, or which are constructed by a governmental agency; and

That are either

 Unconditioned, indirectly or directly conditioned by mechanical heating or mechanical cooling or process spaces; or

 Low-rise residential buildings that are heated with a wood heater or another nonmechanical heating system.





Exceptions:

›

›

Qualified Historic Buildings

Temporary structures and lighting, including structures erected in response to a natural disaster (per AHJ)

Regulations apply to:

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

The building envelope

Space-conditioning systems

Water-heating systems

Pools and spas

Solar-ready buildings

Indoor lighting systems of buildings

Outdoor lighting systems

Signs located either indoors or outdoors



1: Administrative

2: Building

2.5: Residential

3: Electrical

4: Mechanical

5: Plumbing

6: Energy

8: Historical Building

9: Fire


11: Green Building




California Historical

Building Code ( CHBC )

›

›

›

›

›

Often referred to as the

“State Historical Building

Code” or SHBC


Developed by the State

Historical Building Safety

Board (SHBSB) with only statutory approval by BSC

Performance oriented rather than prescriptive

Usually bound into Volume 2 of Part 2 (along with Part 10)






The intent of the CHBC is to facilitate the preservation and continuing use of

qualified historical buildings

or properties while providing

reasonable safety

for the building occupants and

access

for persons with disabilities.

“A totally new approach to building codes for historical structures, which maintains currently acceptable lifesafety standards.”






The purpose of the CHBC is to provide regulations for the preservation, restoration, rehabilitation, relocation or reconstruction of buildings or properties designated as qualified historical buildings or properties.

The CHBC requires enforcing agencies to accept solutions that are reasonably equivalent to the regular code when dealing with qualified historical buildings or properties.



The CHBC is intended to provide solutions for the preservation of qualified historical buildings or properties…

›

›

›

› to promote sustainability to provide access for persons with disabilities to provide a costeffective approach to preservation, and to provide for the reasonable safety of the occupants or users.



1: Administrative

2: Building

2.5: Residential

3: Electrical

4: Mechanical

5: Plumbing

6: Energy


9: Fire


11: Green Building




California Fire Code

(

CFC

)


Fire Code (IFC) published by ICC

› Related to regulations in

Title 19 CCR

 Includes substantial reprinting of Title 19 regulations “for reference”




Establishes minimum requirements “consistent with nationally recognized good practices”

›

›

Safeguard the public health, safety and general welfare from the hazards of fire, explosion or dangerous conditions in new and existing buildings, structures and premises

Provide safety and assistance to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations





Applies to ...

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

›

Construction

Alteration

Movement

Enlargement

Replacement

Repair

Equipment

Use and occupancy

Location

Maintenance

Removal

Demolition ›

... of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or structures




The CFC establishes regulations affecting or relating to buildings, structures, processes, premises and a reasonable degree of life and property safeguards regarding:

›

›

›

›

›

The hazard of fire and explosion arising from the storage, handling or use of structures, materials or devices;

Conditions hazardous to life , property or public welfare in the use or occupancy of buildings, structures or premises;

Fire hazards in the buildings, structures or on premises from use of, occupancy of or operation;

Matters related to the construction, extension, repair, alteration or removal of fire suppression or alarm systems ;

Conditions affecting the safety of fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations.



1: Administrative

2: Building

2.5: Residential

3: Electrical

4: Mechanical

5: Plumbing

6: Energy


9: Fire

10: Existing Building

11: Green Building




California Existing Building

Code

›

›

›

›

›

Based on Appendix Chapters

A1 and A3 of the International

Existing Buildings Code (IEBC) published by ICC

Includes several “UBC

Standards” based on Uniform

Code for Building Conservation

(UCBC) published by ICC, and/or Standard Specifications published by ASTM

International

Establishes minimum requirements but also includes reference standards

Only applies to specific types of existing buildings — all others use CBC (Chapter 34 typical)

Usually bound into Volume 2 of

Part 2 (along with Part 8)




Appendix Chapter A1,

“Seismic Strengthening

Provisions for Unreinforced

Masonry Bearing Wall

Buildings”

›

›

›

Applies to existing buildings with at least one unreinforced masonry bearing wall

Does not apply to alteration of existing electrical, plumbing, mechanical or fire safety systems

Reduces risk of death or injury from effects of earthquakes on unreinforced masonry bearing wall buildings




Appendix Chapter A3,

“Prescriptive Provisions for

Seismic Strengthening of

Cripple Walls and Sill Plate

Anchorage of Light, Woodframe Residential Buildings”

›

›

›

›

Applies to existing residential buildings of light-frame wood construction containing one or more structural weaknesses

Does not apply to Group R-

1, R-2 or R-4 with > 4 units, elements embedded in ground, slabs on grade, cripple walls over 48", or buildings over 3 stories

Reduces risk of earthquakeinduced damage to woodframe residential buildings

Does not prevent use of alternate means and methods of compliance

46







UBC Standard 21-4, “Hollow and Solid Load-Bearing

Concrete Masonry Units”

› Based on ASTM C 90-95

UBC Standard 21-6, “In-Place

Masonry Shear Tests”

› Based on Sections A1 06.3.3 and A1 07.2 of the Uniform

Code for Building

Conservation

UBC Standard 21-7, “Tests of

Anchors in Unreinforced

Masonry Walls”

› Based on Sections A1 07.3 and A1 07.4 of the Uniform

Code for Building

Conservation





UBC Standard 21-8, “Pointing of Unreinforced Masonry

Walls”

› Based on Section

A1 06.3.3.2 of the Uniform

Code for Building

Conservation

UBC Standard 21-13,

“Hydrated Lime for Masonry

Purposes”

› Based on ASTM C 207-91

(reapproved 1992)



1: Administrative

2: Building

2.5: Residential

3: Electrical

4: Mechanical

5: Plumbing

6: Energy


9: Fire


11: Green Building




California Green Building

Standards Code

( CALGreen )

›

›


 Heavily influenced development of International

Green Building Code (IGBC) published by ICC

 2010 CALGreen heavily influenced by City of Los

Angeles amendments to

2007 CALGreen

Established minimum requirements but also voluntary “tiers” of more advanced/significant standards




Purpose: Improve public health, safety and general welfare by enhancing the design and construction of buildings through the use of building concepts having a reduced negative impact or positive environmental impact and encouraging sustainable construction practices in the following categories:

›

›

›

›

›

Planning and design

Energy efficiency

Water efficiency and conservation

Material conservation and resource efficiency

Environmental quality








Applies to planning, design, operation, construction, use and occupancy of every newly constructed building or structure in California.

Mandatory for all projects on January 1, 2011.

“It is not the intent that this code substitute or be identified as meeting the certification requirements of any green building program.”

50


1: Administrative

2: Building

2.5: Residential

3: Electrical

4: Mechanical

5: Plumbing

6: Energy


9: Fire


11: Green Building

12: Referenced Standards



California Referenced

Standards Code

› Unique to California — published by ICC but not based on “model code”

›

›

Established minimum requirements for testing/certification, installation, etc.

Includes many otherwise discontinued standards, including old UBC standards






Various model codes adopted by reference into Parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 12 of Title 24 CCR

Applicable to many types of projects, including but not limited to school buildings and stateowned or state-leased essential service buildings.

























Releasing Systems for Security Bars in

Dwellings

Laboratory Animal Quarter Standards

Stages and Platforms

Fire-resistive Standards

Materials and Construction Methods for Exterior Wildlife Exposure

Fire-resistive Standards for Fire

Protection

Exits

Building and Facility Access

Specifications

Standards for Insulating Material

Engineering Regulations for Quality and Design of the Materials of

Construction

Radiation Shielding Standards

Air Filters



Protective Signaling Systems


The California Building Standards Code (Title 24 of CCR) is the state building regulations established by the BSC which consists of 12 parts, including but not limited to: the California Building Code ( Part 2 ), the California Energy Code ( Part 6 ), the State Historical Building Code ( Part 8 ), and the CALGreen Code ( Part 11 ).

54


Questions?


55

California Supplemental Examination

Common errors

CBC

CRC

CMC

CPC

California Energy Code

California Historical

Building Code ( CHBC )

qualified historical buildings

reasonable safety

access

CFC

California Green Building

Standards Code

( CALGreen )

Related documents

Products

Support

California Supplemental Examination

Common errors

CBC

CRC

CMC

CPC

California Energy Code

California Historical

Building Code ( CHBC )

qualified historical buildings

reasonable safety

access

CFC

California Green Building

Standards Code

( CALGreen )

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