Early Exploration
Do Now # 8
• It is common for us all to have curiosity about an
unknown place/thing.
• What have you wanted to explore, or been curious
about?
• As a child did you ever want to go on an adventure to
discover new things? Did you?
• Share your story about exploration and
discovery…everyone has one!
Motives for Exploration
• The Renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure and
curiosity.
• Spice and other goods traded with Asia, during and after the
Crusades, and was very profitable for merchants.
• Overseas exploration could provide new products for merchants to
sell.
• Muslims and Italians controlled the trade of goods from east to
west
• Italians would buy Asian goods from the Muslims, then increase
the price before sold to merchants.
• By the 1400s Monarchs of England, Spain, Portugal, & France had
enough of the Italians high prices, and set out to find sea routes to
Asia to trade directly.
God, Glory, & Gold!
• After the Crusades(1096-1270), Christians felt that they
had a sacred duty to not only continue to fight the
Muslims, but to convert non-christians.
“To serve God and his
majesty, to give light to
those who were in
darkness and to grow rich
as all men deserve to.”
- Bartolomeu Dias
Sailing Technology
• In the 1400s shipbuilders
fashioned a new type of
ship called the
caravel.Prior to the caravel,
ships could not sail against
the wind.
• The astrolabe - allowed
sailors to calculate their
latitude or how far north
or south of the equator
they were.
• Explorers also used the
magnetic compass to track
direction.
Portugal Leads the Way!
• Prince Henry of Portugal pushed to find
new trade routes for gold and to spread
Christianity.
• Henry founded a navigation school
where map & instrument makers,
shipbuilders scientists and captains
could perfect their trade.
• By 1419 - The Portuguese had
established trading posts around
Africa’s coast (making profit from ivory
& gold) - next was to find a sea route to
Asia via the tip of Africa.
• 1488- Bartolomeu Dias - attempts and
makes it to the southeastern coast but,
turns back due to low supplies.
• 1497 - Vasco da Gama explorers the
Southwestern coast of India and comes
back with 60 times the cost of the trip in
rare silks, spices and precious gems. This
gives Portugal a direct sea route to Asia.
Spain vs. Portugal
• 1492 - Italian Christopher Columbus convinced
Spain to finance finding a trade route to Asia
by sailing across the Atlantic ocean.
• Columbus reaches an island in the Caribbean,
believing he had reached the East Indies.
• The rivalry between Spain and Portugal grew Portugal states that lands Columbus claimed
for Spain may have been already reached by
the Portuguese.
• 1493 - Pope Alexander VI suggests an
imaginary line through the Atlantic Ocean. All
lands West would be Spain’s, and all lands
East would be Portugal's.
• 1494-Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of
Tordesilla, agreeing to honor the imaginary
line.
Early Explorers Book Project
• Explorers Project
• Things to include in your project:
• Book Cover & Title - colorful, neat, and should grab the viewer's attention.
• Page 1 - Brief biography of the explorer. (3-paragraph minimum).
• Page 2 - Voyage information page:
• Must include country and person affiliated or funded by & name of ship(s).
• Ship picture & Country of origin flag.
• Departing city and country, and where they arrived, city and country.
• Page 3 - Map:
• Explorer’s country, route he traveled, where he explored, and lands claimed for sponsor
country.
• Labels must be in ink, colorful, neat, and should grab the viewer's attention.
• Page 4 – Journal
• 3 Journal Entries (minimum of 1 paragraph each) about the journey there.
• Page 5 – Letter to the King
• Write a letter to the king about your journey
• What was discovered? Did you find new products to trade/sell?
• Did you run into any natives of the land? Any major events occur? How long did the
journey take?
Early Explorers Project
• Today you will embark on your own journey, and discover more about some of Europe’s early
explorers. Please follow the rubric below:
25 points
20 points
15 points
10 points
Cover
Cover includes title and creators
of project, is colorful, neat and
grabs the reader’s attention. It
contains at least one picture.
Cover is lacking one component:
title and creators of project.
Colorful, neat and grabs the
readers attention. One picture.
Cover is lacking two
components: title and creators of
project. Colorful, neat and grabs
the readers attention. One
picture.
Cover is lacking three components:
title and creators of project.
Colorful, neat and grabs the
readers attention. One picture.
Biography
Biography includes where and
when the person was born, an
educational and occupational
background, and how the person
was sponsored to explore.
Biography lacks two of the
following: when the person was
born, an educational and
occupational background, and
how the person was sponsored to
explore.
Biography lacks three of the
following: when the person was
born, an educational and
occupational background, and
how the person was sponsored
to explore.
Biography lacks four or more of
the following: when the person
was born, an educational and
occupational background, and how
the person was sponsored to
explore.
Voyage Info
& map
Voyage information page
contains country and person
affiliated or funded by. Name of
ship(s). Ship picture & Country
of origin flag. Departing city and
country, and where they arrived,
city and country. The map is
clearly and correctly marked.
Lacking 1: Voyage information
page contains country and person
affiliated or funded by. Name of
ship(s). Ship picture & Country
of origin flag. Departing city and
country, and where they arrived,
city and country. The map is
clearly and correctly marked.
Lacking 2: Voyage information
page contains country and
person affiliated or funded by.
Name of ship(s). Ship picture &
Country of origin flag.
Departing city and country, and
where they arrived, city and
country. The map is clearly and
correctly marked.
Lacking 3 or more: Voyage
information page contains country
and person affiliated or funded by.
Name of ship(s). Ship picture &
Country of origin flag. Departing
city and country, and where they
arrived, city and country. The map
is clearly and correctly marked.
Letter to the
King
All questions are answered:
What was discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 1: What was
discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 2: What was
discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 3: What was discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of the
land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Explorers Notes Part 2
Do Now #9
• What are some positive and negative effects of exploration? What do
you think could happen when different cultures meet?
Early Explorers
• During the 1500s, European nations had commissioned dozens of sailors
to find faster routes, and discover and claim new lands.
1487-1488
Portuguese
Bartholomeu Dias
First European to round the Cape of Good
Hope
1492-1504
Italian-served Spain
Christopher
Columbus
Made 4 voyages to West Indies and
Caribbean Islands
1497-1503
Italian-served Portugal
Amerigo Vespucci
Sailed to West Indies and South America
1497-1498
Italian – Sailed for
England
John Cabot
Explored the shores of Newfoundland, Nova
Scotia, and Labrador
1498
Portuguese
Vasco Da Gama
First to travel to West Indies around Africa
1500
Portuguese
Pedro Álvares
Cabral
Explored Brazil & settled Brazil
1513
Spanish
Vasco de Balboa
Led expedition across Panama and found the
Pacific Ocean
1513
Spanish
Juan Ponce de
Leon
Explored Florida looking for the Fountain of
Youth
1520-1521
Portuguese – Served
Spain
Ferdinand Magellan
Commanded first globe circling voyage
1519-1521
Spanish
Hernando Cortez
Conquered Aztecs in Mexico
1523
Italian – Sailed for France
Giovanni da
Verranzano
Searched for a Northwest Passage
Cortes Conquers the Aztecs
• In 1519, Hernando Cortes landed in Mexico after colonizing
several Caribbean Islands.
• Colonies: lands that were controlled by other nations.
• Cortes, and the many other Spanish explorers who followed
him were known as conquistadors.
• The Spanish were the 1st European settlers in the Americas.
• Montezuma gave Cortes half of the empires existing gold
supply –thinking he was a god- but that was not enough for
Cortez.
• In 1521 – Cortes and his men defeated the Aztecs. They
armed with cannons and muskets, and the Aztecs with only
arrows and spears.
• Disease also helped Cortés's victory – The Indians were not
immune to certain diseases such as small pox and the
measles. They died by the thousands.
Spain’s Influence Expands
• In 1513, Ponce de Leon explored
and landed on the coast of
modern day Florida and claimed
it for Spain.
• In 1532, conquistador Francisco
Pizarro conquered the Inca
Empire in Peru.
• 1541-42, Vasquez de Coronado
explores Arizona, New Mexico,
Texas, Oklahoma, & Kansas.
• New Mexico became the
headquarters for the
advancement of the Catholic
religion. Santa Fe becomes the
capital meaning “holy faith”.
Europe settles North America
• French explorer, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec,
which became the base of France’s colonial empire in N.
America known as New France.
• In 1606 King James of England funds a voyage to North
America to build a colony.
• In 1607 they reach the coast of Virginia and settled,
creating the 1st English colony Jamestown.
• In 1620 another group known as Pilgrims founded the
2nd English colony – Plymouth,MA.
• The Dutch settled most of NY, & NJ and called it New
Netherlands.
Struggle for North America
• English oust the Dutch and claim New Netherlands theirs renaming it New York.
• By 1750 there were 1.2 Million English settlers and 13 colonies
from Maine to Georgia.
• The French had formed a cooperative relationship with the Native
Americans both partaking in fur trade.
• The English were hungry for more land and started pushing west in
America - into French territories.
• The French allied with Native American tribes fought the English for
land - became known as the French & Indian War.
• This was part of a bigger war known as the Seven Years war with
was also fought in Europe.
• The British won in 1763 and claimed all French holdings.
Early Explorers Project
• Today you will embark on your own journey, and discover more about some of Europe’s early
explorers. Please follow the rubric below:
25 points
20 points
15 points
10 points
Cover
Cover includes title and creators
of project, is colorful, neat and
grabs the reader’s attention. It
contains at least one picture.
Cover is lacking one component:
title and creators of project.
Colorful, neat and grabs the
readers attention. One picture.
Cover is lacking two
components: title and creators of
project. Colorful, neat and grabs
the readers attention. One
picture.
Cover is lacking three components:
title and creators of project.
Colorful, neat and grabs the
readers attention. One picture.
Biography
Biography includes where and
when the person was born, an
educational and occupational
background, and how the person
was sponsored to explore.
Biography lacks two of the
following: when the person was
born, an educational and
occupational background, and
how the person was sponsored to
explore.
Biography lacks three of the
following: when the person was
born, an educational and
occupational background, and
how the person was sponsored
to explore.
Biography lacks four or more of
the following: when the person
was born, an educational and
occupational background, and how
the person was sponsored to
explore.
Voyage Info
& map
Voyage information page
contains country and person
affiliated or funded by. Name of
ship(s). Ship picture & Country
of origin flag. Departing city and
country, and where they arrived,
city and country. The map is
clearly and correctly marked.
Lacking 1: Voyage information
page contains country and person
affiliated or funded by. Name of
ship(s). Ship picture & Country
of origin flag. Departing city and
country, and where they arrived,
city and country. The map is
clearly and correctly marked.
Lacking 2: Voyage information
page contains country and
person affiliated or funded by.
Name of ship(s). Ship picture &
Country of origin flag.
Departing city and country, and
where they arrived, city and
country. The map is clearly and
correctly marked.
Lacking 3 or more: Voyage
information page contains country
and person affiliated or funded by.
Name of ship(s). Ship picture &
Country of origin flag. Departing
city and country, and where they
arrived, city and country. The map
is clearly and correctly marked.
Letter to the
King
All questions are answered:
What was discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 1: What was
discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 2: What was
discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 3: What was discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of the
land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Do Now #10
•Please stand within the taped
off rectangle before the bell
rings
•Those who are not in the
rectangle by the bell will be
brought to ISS.
Right here
↓
The Atlantic World
Background
• European colonists tried to meet their labor needs by enslaving Native Americans or
using indentured servants.
• death of millions of Native Americans from disease led to a chronic labor shortage
• Europeans turned to Africa. Enslaved Africans became part of the series of trading
networks that exchanged goods for slaves and crisscrossed the American colonies,
Europe, the Caribbean, and Africa.
• Portuguese settlement of Brazil
• Demand for slaves grew massively as Brazil’s sugar industry expanded.
• African rulers
• Some African rulers helped deliver slaves to Europeans in exchange for goods.
• African merchants
• They bought and sold slaves.
• When African rulers opposed the slave trade, merchants developed new trade
routes.
Atlantic Slave Trade
• The buying and selling of
Africans for work in the
Americas became known as
the Atlantic Slave Trade.
• Triangular trade: carried
manufactured goods to Africa,
where they were exchanged
for slaves. Slaves were carried
to the Americas and
exchanged for raw
agricultural products, such as
sugar, coffee, and tobacco,
which were carried to Europe
and sold.
• Middle passage: Captured
Africans were transported
under horrific conditions
along the middle leg of the
triangular trade routes.
Effects of Slave Trade
• population drain, introduction of guns that helped spread
war and devastation
• separation from families, harsh lives.
• provided economic, cultural development, and farming
expertise that helped many colonies survive.
• knowledgeable Africans introduced rice-growing techniques
that made South Carolina a profitable rice producer.
• addition of Africans to population group, mixed-race
populations, cultural additions, cultural blending
DBQ=
Document Based Question
• Let’s talk about evidence building and using sources
• …cause your opinions are worthless
• For real
• Like for real real.
Frederick Douglass
• Started out life as a slave
• Abolitionist
• Sought out by President Lincoln for advising
*He had a vacation home right here in Long Branch
Do Now #11
• Write a “To Do” list for your Explorer’s Book Project
DBQ… Again
• Slave culture DBQ
• Use the tools and strategies that we talked about last class
Early Explorers Project
• Today you will embark on your own journey, and discover more about some of Europe’s early
explorers. Please follow the rubric below:
25 points
20 points
15 points
10 points
Cover
Cover includes title and creators
of project, is colorful, neat and
grabs the reader’s attention. It
contains at least one picture.
Cover is lacking one component:
title and creators of project.
Colorful, neat and grabs the
readers attention. One picture.
Cover is lacking two
components: title and creators of
project. Colorful, neat and grabs
the readers attention. One
picture.
Cover is lacking three components:
title and creators of project.
Colorful, neat and grabs the
readers attention. One picture.
Biography
Biography includes where and
when the person was born, an
educational and occupational
background, and how the person
was sponsored to explore.
Biography lacks two of the
following: when the person was
born, an educational and
occupational background, and
how the person was sponsored to
explore.
Biography lacks three of the
following: when the person was
born, an educational and
occupational background, and
how the person was sponsored
to explore.
Biography lacks four or more of
the following: when the person
was born, an educational and
occupational background, and how
the person was sponsored to
explore.
Voyage Info
& map
Voyage information page
contains country and person
affiliated or funded by. Name of
ship(s). Ship picture & Country
of origin flag. Departing city and
country, and where they arrived,
city and country. The map is
clearly and correctly marked.
Lacking 1: Voyage information
page contains country and person
affiliated or funded by. Name of
ship(s). Ship picture & Country
of origin flag. Departing city and
country, and where they arrived,
city and country. The map is
clearly and correctly marked.
Lacking 2: Voyage information
page contains country and
person affiliated or funded by.
Name of ship(s). Ship picture &
Country of origin flag.
Departing city and country, and
where they arrived, city and
country. The map is clearly and
correctly marked.
Lacking 3 or more: Voyage
information page contains country
and person affiliated or funded by.
Name of ship(s). Ship picture &
Country of origin flag. Departing
city and country, and where they
arrived, city and country. The map
is clearly and correctly marked.
Letter to the
King
All questions are answered:
What was discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 1: What was
discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 2: What was
discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 3: What was discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of the
land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
The Columbian Exchange
Do Now #11
Where did the ingredients come from?
Analyzing Snickers
• Old world to New World
•
•
•
•
Sugar - 1st discovered in India.
Chickens - parts of Asia.
Soybean - Korea.
Cows - Asia, Europe & North Africa.
• New World to Old World
• Cocoa
• Peanuts
Background
• Colonization resulted in the exchange of new items.
• The new wealth from the Americas resulted in new
business and trade practices for Europe.
• The global transfer of foods, plants and animals during
colonization of the Americas is known as the Columbian
Exchange named after Christopher Columbus.
• Two of the most important items to be brought to
Europe was corn and potatoes, which were both
inexpensive to grow and nutritious.
Pros & Cons of the Exchange
• Many of new animals and plants were introduced to
both Europe and the Americas played a significant role
in boosting populations.
• New products were manufactured using goods from
both Europe and the Americas.
• Various diseases were brought to the Americas that
Native Americans were not immune to resulting in many
deaths.
• Slaves were traded more frequently because of the
demand for American crops.
Capitalism & Stocks
• Capitalism: an economic system based on private
owner-ship and investment for profit.
• Numerous merchants gained wealth & numerous
businesses across Europe flourished.
• The increase in economic activity led to an increase in
the money supply resulting in inflation.
• Inflation occurs when there is more money to spend
thus demanding more goods - the price in goods then
increases due to lack of supply to meet the demand.
• Joint-stock company: worked like a modern day
cooperation, investors buy shares of stock to invest in a
company. (pooling wealth for a common purpose)
Restaurant Activity
• Take out the name of the recipe that you looked into for
homework
• Using the Internet please look up your recipe for the dish of
your choice and write down the ingredients.
• Locate the country of origin in which you can find the
ingredients and color code the map, listing the ingredients
that you have imported from the country to make your dish.
Make sure you include a key so we know what dish you are
talking about.
• Your final product should be a color-coded map and
ingredient list. Provided.
Early Exploration
Motives for Exploration
• The Renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure and
curiosity.
• Spice and other goods traded with Asia, during and after the
Crusades, and was very profitable for merchants.
• Overseas exploration could provide new products for
merchants to sell.
• Muslims and Italians controlled the trade of goods from east
to west
• Italians would buy Asian goods from the Muslims, then
increase the price before sold to merchants.
• By the 1400s Monarchs of England, Spain, Portugal, &
France had enough of the Italians high prices, and set out to
find sea routes to Asia to trade directly.
God, Glory, & Gold!
• After the Crusades(1096-1270), Christians felt that
they had a sacred duty to not only continue to fight
the Muslims, but to convert non-christians.
“To serve God and his
majesty, to give light to
those who were in
darkness and to grow rich
as all men deserve to.”
- Bartolomeu Dias
Sailing Technology
• In the 1400s
shipbuilders fashioned
a new type of ship
called the caravel.Prior
to the caravel, ships
could not sail against
the wind.
• The astrolabe - allowed
sailors to calculate their
latitude or how far north
or south of the equator
they were.
• Explorers also used the
magnetic compass to
track direction.
Portugal Leads the Way!
•
•
•
•
•
Prince Henry of Portugal pushed to
find new trade routes for gold and to
spread Christianity.
Henry founded a navigation school
where map & instrument makers,
shipbuilders scientists and captains
could perfect their trade.
By 1419 - The Portuguese had
established trading posts around
Africa’s coast (making profit from
ivory & gold) - next was to find a
sea route to Asia via the tip of Africa.
1488- Bartolomeu Dias - attempts
and makes it to the southeastern
coast but, turns back due to low
supplies.
1497 - Vasco da Gama explorers
the Southwestern coast of India and
comes back with 60 times the cost
of the trip in rare silks, spices and
precious gems. This gives Portugal
a direct sea route to Asia.
Spain vs. Portugal
• 1492 - Italian Christopher Columbus
convinced Spain to finance finding a trade
route to Asia by sailing across the Atlantic
ocean.
• Columbus reaches an island in the
Caribbean, believing he had reached the
East Indies.
• The rivalry between Spain and Portugal
grew - Portugal states that lands
Columbus claimed for Spain may have
been already reached by the Portuguese.
• 1493 - Pope Alexander VI suggests an
imaginary line through the Atlantic Ocean.
All lands West would be Spain’s, and all
lands East would be Portugal's.
• 1494-Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty
of Tordesilla, agreeing to honor the
imaginary line.
Early Explorers Book Project
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Explorers Project
Things to include in your project:
Book Cover & Title - colorful, neat, and should grab the viewer's attention.
Page 1 - Brief biography of the explorer. (3-paragraph minimum).
Page 2 - Voyage information page:
– Must include country and person affiliated or funded by & name of ship(s).
– Ship picture & Country of origin flag.
– Departing city and country, and where they arrived, city and country.
Page 3 - Map:
– Explorer’s country, route he traveled, where he explored, and lands claimed for
sponsor country.
– Labels must be in ink, colorful, neat, and should grab the viewer's attention.
Page 4 – Journal
– 3 Journal Entries (minimum of 1 paragraph each) about the journey there.
Page 5 – Letter to the King
– Write a letter to the king about your journey
• What was discovered? Did you find new products to trade/sell?
• Did you run into any natives of the land? Any major events occur? How long did
the journey take?
Early Explorers Project
•
Today you will embark on your own journey, and discover more about some of Europe’s
early explorers. Please follow the rubric below:
25 points
20 points
15 points
10 points
Cover
Cover includes title and creators
of project, is colorful, neat and
grabs the reader’s attention. It
contains at least one picture.
Cover is lacking one component:
title and creators of project.
Colorful, neat and grabs the
readers attention. One picture.
Cover is lacking two
components: title and creators of
project. Colorful, neat and grabs
the readers attention. One
picture.
Cover is lacking three components:
title and creators of project.
Colorful, neat and grabs the
readers attention. One picture.
Biography
Biography includes where and
when the person was born, an
educational and occupational
background, and how the person
was sponsored to explore.
Biography lacks two of the
following: when the person was
born, an educational and
occupational background, and
how the person was sponsored to
explore.
Biography lacks three of the
following: when the person was
born, an educational and
occupational background, and
how the person was sponsored
to explore.
Biography lacks four or more of
the following: when the person
was born, an educational and
occupational background, and how
the person was sponsored to
explore.
Voyage Info
& map
Voyage information page
contains country and person
affiliated or funded by. Name of
ship(s). Ship picture & Country
of origin flag. Departing city and
country, and where they arrived,
city and country. The map is
clearly and correctly marked.
Lacking 1: Voyage information
page contains country and person
affiliated or funded by. Name of
ship(s). Ship picture & Country
of origin flag. Departing city and
country, and where they arrived,
city and country. The map is
clearly and correctly marked.
Lacking 2: Voyage information
page contains country and
person affiliated or funded by.
Name of ship(s). Ship picture &
Country of origin flag.
Departing city and country, and
where they arrived, city and
country. The map is clearly and
correctly marked.
Lacking 3 or more: Voyage
information page contains country
and person affiliated or funded by.
Name of ship(s). Ship picture &
Country of origin flag. Departing
city and country, and where they
arrived, city and country. The map
is clearly and correctly marked.
Letter to the
King
All questions are answered:
What was discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 1: What was
discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 2: What was
discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 3: What was discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of the
land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Explorers Notes Part 2
Early Explorers
• During the 1500s, European nations had commissioned dozens of
sailors to find faster routes, and discover and claim new lands.
1487-1488
Portuguese
Bartholomeu Dias
First European to round the Cape of Good
Hope
1492-1504
Italian-served Spain
Christopher
Columbus
Made 4 voyages to West Indies and
Caribbean Islands
1497-1503
Italian-served Portugal
Amerigo Vespucci
Sailed to West Indies and South America
1497-1498
Italian – Sailed for
England
John Cabot
Explored the shores of Newfoundland, Nova
Scotia, and Labrador
1498
Portuguese
Vasco Da Gama
First to travel to West Indies around Africa
1500
Portuguese
Pedro Álvares
Cabral
Explored Brazil & settled Brazil
1513
Spanish
Vasco de Balboa
Led expedition across Panama and found the
Pacific Ocean
1513
Spanish
Juan Ponce de
Leon
Explored Florida looking for the Fountain of
Youth
1520-1521
Portuguese – Served
Spain
Ferdinand Magellan
Commanded first globe circling voyage
1519-1521
Spanish
Hernando Cortez
Conquered Aztecs in Mexico
1523
Italian – Sailed for France
Giovanni da
Verranzano
Searched for a Northwest Passage
Cortes Conquers the Aztecs
• In 1519, Hernando Cortes landed in Mexico after
colonizing several Caribbean Islands.
• Colonies: lands that were controlled by other nations.
• Cortes, and the many other Spanish explorers who
followed him were known as conquistadors.
• The Spanish were the 1st European settlers in the
Americas.
• Montezuma gave Cortes half of the empires existing
gold supply –thinking he was a god- but that was not
enough for Cortez.
• In 1521 – Cortes and his men defeated the Aztecs.
They armed with cannons and muskets, and the Aztecs
with only arrows and spears.
• Disease also helped Cortés's victory – The Indians
were not immune to certain diseases such as small pox
and the measles. They died by the thousands.
Spain’s Influence Expands
• In 1513, Ponce de Leon
explored and landed on the
coast of modern day Florida
and claimed it for Spain.
• In 1532, conquistador
Francisco Pizarro conquered
the Inca Empire in Peru.
• 1541-42, Vasquez de
Coronado explores Arizona,
New Mexico, Texas,
Oklahoma, & Kansas.
• New Mexico became the
headquarters for the
advancement of the Catholic
religion. Santa Fe becomes
the capital meaning “holy
faith”.
Europe settles North America
• French explorer, Samuel de Champlain founded
Quebec, which became the base of France’s
colonial empire in N. America known as New
France.
• In 1606 King James of England funds a voyage to
North America to build a colony.
• In 1607 they reach the coast of Virginia and settled,
creating the 1st English colony Jamestown.
• In 1620 another group known as Pilgrims founded
the 2nd English colony – Plymouth,MA.
• The Dutch settled most of NY, & NJ and called it
New Netherlands.
Struggle for North America
• English oust the Dutch and claim New Netherlands theirs renaming it New York.
• By 1750 there were 1.2 Million English settlers and 13
colonies from Maine to Georgia.
• The French had formed a cooperative relationship with the
Native Americans both partaking in fur trade.
• The English were hungry for more land and started pushing
west in America - into French territories.
• The French allied with Native American tribes fought the
English for land - became known as the French & Indian
War.
• This was part of a bigger war known as the Seven Years war
with was also fought in Europe.
• The British won in 1763 and claimed all French holdings.
Early Explorers Project
•
Today you will embark on your own journey, and discover more about some of Europe’s
early explorers. Please follow the rubric below:
25 points
20 points
15 points
10 points
Cover
Cover includes title and creators
of project, is colorful, neat and
grabs the reader’s attention. It
contains at least one picture.
Cover is lacking one component:
title and creators of project.
Colorful, neat and grabs the
readers attention. One picture.
Cover is lacking two
components: title and creators of
project. Colorful, neat and grabs
the readers attention. One
picture.
Cover is lacking three components:
title and creators of project.
Colorful, neat and grabs the
readers attention. One picture.
Biography
Biography includes where and
when the person was born, an
educational and occupational
background, and how the person
was sponsored to explore.
Biography lacks two of the
following: when the person was
born, an educational and
occupational background, and
how the person was sponsored to
explore.
Biography lacks three of the
following: when the person was
born, an educational and
occupational background, and
how the person was sponsored
to explore.
Biography lacks four or more of
the following: when the person
was born, an educational and
occupational background, and how
the person was sponsored to
explore.
Voyage Info
& map
Voyage information page
contains country and person
affiliated or funded by. Name of
ship(s). Ship picture & Country
of origin flag. Departing city and
country, and where they arrived,
city and country. The map is
clearly and correctly marked.
Lacking 1: Voyage information
page contains country and person
affiliated or funded by. Name of
ship(s). Ship picture & Country
of origin flag. Departing city and
country, and where they arrived,
city and country. The map is
clearly and correctly marked.
Lacking 2: Voyage information
page contains country and
person affiliated or funded by.
Name of ship(s). Ship picture &
Country of origin flag.
Departing city and country, and
where they arrived, city and
country. The map is clearly and
correctly marked.
Lacking 3 or more: Voyage
information page contains country
and person affiliated or funded by.
Name of ship(s). Ship picture &
Country of origin flag. Departing
city and country, and where they
arrived, city and country. The map
is clearly and correctly marked.
Letter to the
King
All questions are answered:
What was discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 1: What was
discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 2: What was
discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 3: What was discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of the
land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
The Atlantic World
Background
• European colonists tried to meet their labor needs by enslaving Native
Americans or using indentured servants.
• death of millions of Native Americans from disease led to a chronic labor
shortage
• Europeans turned to Africa. Enslaved Africans became part of the series of
trading networks that exchanged goods for slaves and crisscrossed the
American colonies, Europe, the Caribbean, and Africa.
• Portuguese settlement of Brazil
– Demand for slaves grew massively as Brazil’s sugar industry expanded.
• African rulers
– Some African rulers helped deliver slaves to Europeans in exchange for
goods.
• African merchants
– They bought and sold slaves.
– When African rulers opposed the slave trade, merchants developed new
trade routes.
Atlantic Slave Trade
• The buying and selling of
Africans for work in the
Americas became known as
the Atlantic Slave Trade.
• Triangular trade: carried
manufactured goods to
Africa, where they were
exchanged for slaves. Slaves
were carried to the Americas
and exchanged for raw
agricultural products, such as
sugar, coffee, and tobacco,
which were carried to
Europe and sold.
• Middle passage: Captured
Africans were transported
under horrific conditions
along the middle leg of the
triangular trade routes.
Effects of Slave Trade
• population drain, introduction of guns that helped spread
war and devastation
• separation from families, harsh lives.
• provided economic, cultural development, and farming
expertise that helped many colonies survive.
• knowledgeable Africans introduced rice-growing
techniques that made South Carolina a profitable rice
producer.
• addition of Africans to population group, mixed-race
populations, cultural additions, cultural blending
DBQ=
Document Based Question
• Let’s talk about evidence building and using sources
– …cause your opinions are worthless
• For real
– Like for real real.
Frederick Douglass
• Started out life as a slave
• Abolitionist
• Sought out by President Lincoln for advising
*He had a vacation home right here in Long Branch
Primary Source Document Analysis
• SOAPSTone
DBQ… Again
• Slave culture DBQ
• Use the tools and strategies that we talked about last
class
– SOAPSTone
– OPTIC
Early Explorers Project
•
Today you will embark on your own journey, and discover more about some of Europe’s
early explorers. Please follow the rubric below:
25 points
20 points
15 points
10 points
Cover
Cover includes title and creators
of project, is colorful, neat and
grabs the reader’s attention. It
contains at least one picture.
Cover is lacking one component:
title and creators of project.
Colorful, neat and grabs the
readers attention. One picture.
Cover is lacking two
components: title and creators of
project. Colorful, neat and grabs
the readers attention. One
picture.
Cover is lacking three components:
title and creators of project.
Colorful, neat and grabs the
readers attention. One picture.
Biography
Biography includes where and
when the person was born, an
educational and occupational
background, and how the person
was sponsored to explore.
Biography lacks two of the
following: when the person was
born, an educational and
occupational background, and
how the person was sponsored to
explore.
Biography lacks three of the
following: when the person was
born, an educational and
occupational background, and
how the person was sponsored
to explore.
Biography lacks four or more of
the following: when the person
was born, an educational and
occupational background, and how
the person was sponsored to
explore.
Voyage Info
& map
Voyage information page
contains country and person
affiliated or funded by. Name of
ship(s). Ship picture & Country
of origin flag. Departing city and
country, and where they arrived,
city and country. The map is
clearly and correctly marked.
Lacking 1: Voyage information
page contains country and person
affiliated or funded by. Name of
ship(s). Ship picture & Country
of origin flag. Departing city and
country, and where they arrived,
city and country. The map is
clearly and correctly marked.
Lacking 2: Voyage information
page contains country and
person affiliated or funded by.
Name of ship(s). Ship picture &
Country of origin flag.
Departing city and country, and
where they arrived, city and
country. The map is clearly and
correctly marked.
Lacking 3 or more: Voyage
information page contains country
and person affiliated or funded by.
Name of ship(s). Ship picture &
Country of origin flag. Departing
city and country, and where they
arrived, city and country. The map
is clearly and correctly marked.
Letter to the
King
All questions are answered:
What was discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 1: What was
discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 2: What was
discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of
the land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
Lacking 3: What was discovered?
Did you find new products to
trade/sell?
Did you run into any natives of the
land?
Any major events occur?
How long did the journey take?
The Columbian Exchange
Do Now #11
Where did the ingredients come from?
Analyzing Snickers
• Old world to New World
– Sugar - 1st discovered in India.
– Chickens - parts of Asia.
– Soybean - Korea.
– Cows - Asia, Europe & North Africa.
• New World to Old World
– Cocoa
– Peanuts
Background
• Colonization resulted in the exchange of new
items.
• The new wealth from the Americas resulted in new
business and trade practices for Europe.
• The global transfer of foods, plants and animals
during colonization of the Americas is known as
the Columbian Exchange named after Christopher
Columbus.
• Two of the most important items to be brought to
Europe was corn and potatoes, which were both
inexpensive to grow and nutritious.
Pros & Cons of the Exchange
• Many of new animals and plants were introduced
to both Europe and the Americas played a
significant role in boosting populations.
• New products were manufactured using goods
from both Europe and the Americas.
• Various diseases were brought to the Americas
that Native Americans were not immune to
resulting in many deaths.
• Slaves were traded more frequently because of the
demand for American crops.
Capitalism & Stocks
• Capitalism: an economic system based on private
owner-ship and investment for profit.
• Numerous merchants gained wealth & numerous
businesses across Europe flourished.
• The increase in economic activity led to an
increase in the money supply resulting in inflation.
• Inflation occurs when there is more money to
spend thus demanding more goods - the price in
goods then increases due to lack of supply to
meet the demand.
• Joint-stock company: worked like a modern day
cooperation, investors buy shares of stock to
invest in a company. (pooling wealth for a
common purpose)
Restaurant Activity
• Take out the name of the recipe that you looked into
for homework
• Using the Internet please look up your recipe for the
dish of your choice and write down the ingredients.
• Locate the country of origin in which you can find the
ingredients and color code the map, listing the
ingredients that you have imported from the country to
make your dish. Make sure you include a key so we
know what dish you are talking about.
• Your final product should be a color-coded map and
ingredient list. Provided.