AP MC Latin America
What do you need to know?
Previous Essays on LA
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2002 CCOT relationship in global trade patterns 1750 –present choosing two
including LA
2003 DBQ causes and consequences of indentured servitude COMP roles of
women 1750-1914 LA and others
2004 CCOT Labor Systems 1750-1900 (choice)
2005 CCOT social and economic transformations Atlantic world
2006 DBQ Silver trade COMP outcomes of two revolutions Mexico 1910, China
1911 and Russia 1917
2007 Comp Spanish (can include Americas)Maritime Empire with Ottoman or
Russian 1450-1800
2009 COMP racial ideologies North America with LA/Carribean
2010 CCOT changes in cultural beliefs and practices 1450- Present
2011 CCOT long distance migrations, Comp Aztec with Mongol or Sudanic
Kingdoms
Which of the following was not a characteristic
of early settled agricultural communities?
a) A fertility goddess as an important element
in religious worship
b) The division of labor and the development of
specialized skills
c) Cooperative public works projects
d) Equal status for men and women
e) The development of immunity to contagious
diseases over time.
• D- Equal status… Patriarchy was developed as
a result of the Neolithic revolution. In order to
determine heir legitimacy
Interesting ancient comparison
• Which statement accurately contrasts Olmec and
Sumerian civilizations?
• (A) The Sumerians made mathematical advances;
the Olmec did not.
• (B) The Olmec had a writing system; the
Sumerians did not.
• (C) The Sumerian government was centralized;
the Olmec government was not.
• (D) The Sumerians used the wheel for
transportation; the Olmec did not.
No wheel in the Americas prior to
Columbus
• D in addition to the wheel, iron metallurgy
and large animals as well as little East-West
contact and developed immunities
Mayan and Mesopotamian political traditions
are an example of which of the following?
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A. decentralized democracy
B centralized oligarchy
C. Decentralized monarchy
D.Centralized theocracy
E. Centralized autocracy
C decentralized monarchy
• City-states for both were led by priest kings
ruling over polytheistic rituals and ceremonial
centers
A general question on Pre-Columbian
Americas…
All of the following are true of the major
Amerindian civilizations in Central and South
America prior to the arrival of Europeans
except:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
economies based on trade.
monumental building.
urban centers.
differentiation of labor.
social stratification
A. Economies based on trade
• Trade , while regional and limited compared to
“old” world trading regions, was carried on by
Meso-American and Andean civilizations
including foodstuffs, textiles and labor
Impacts of earlier “mother” cultures
The Aztec civilization’s militaristic tone and use of
human sacrifice was based on the earlier
culture of the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Inca
Maya
Mound Builders
Toltec
Khazars
Toltecs… a “mother culture”
• Like the Olmecs and Maya, the Toltecs served
as a mother culture.
• Like the Aztecs, Toltecs started nomadic and
established tributary states using militaristic
safe trade
• Teotihuacan-major trading hub for nomadic
and sedentary groups in MesoAmerica
Aztec and Inca societies were both
similar in that
• A. developed from the Mayan civlization
• B. Acquired empires by means of military
conquest
• C. Independently adapted iron technology
• Depended entirely on oral record keeping
Military might: you guessed it!!!
• Most civilizations establish an empire through
military conquest and then utilize that military
trough safe trade
Colonizing: Columbian Exchange
• Between 1500 and 1800, Europeans were primarily interested
in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in
the Carribean because
• A. large profits could be made from products like sugar coffee
and pepper
• B. the major European states were competing with each other
for imperial hegemony
• C. these colonies had strategic military importance
• D. these areas had small populations and were thus easy to
control
• E. many Europeans were interested in getting away from
Europe’s wintry climate
Key word: Tropical
• A. sugar, coffee and pepper were important
commodities which thrived in the tropical
climates of the Indian Ocean and Carribean
and facilitated coercive labor practices
A History Skill Question
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Letters written by Franciscan friars
Pictorial records of the Mexica
Statues produced by local artists in New Spain
Histories written in Spanish and Nahuatl
A historian examining Mesoamerica in the sixteenth century
would best utilize the sources above to analyze which of the
following topics?
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A The process of introducing the encomienda system
B How Christian ideas were communicated to and understood by
Amerindians
C Conflicts between the Jesuits and the Franciscans
D The extent of the decline of the Amerindians population
B Introduction of Christianity
• One of the most influential cultures in Iberian
colonization of the Americas, missionaries
brought schools, treatment of illness and
some feudal self-sufficiency to the
encomiendas
Comparisons
• Which of the following is an accurate comparison
of the Inca and Roman empires?
• (A) Both empires required all inhabitants to
practice only the state religion.
• (B) Both empires enslaved all conquered
populations.
• (C) Both empires relied on an extensive network
of maritime trade.
• (D) Both empires were able to integrate distant
provinces through extensive roadways.
D all roads lead to…
• Both the Inca and Romans developed
extensive road systems linking thousands of
miles for trade, government military response
and communication
Another skill question
• A historian researching the effects of epidemic disease on
the population levels of seventeenth-century colonial Peru
would probably find which of the following sources most
useful?
• (A) Church records of baptisms and funerals
• (B) Accounts by Spanish doctors of cases of miraculous
healings
• (C) Transcripts of court cases involving inheritances
• (D) Petitions from Amerindian groups to the colonial
government requesting tax relief
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A. the church records
• The Roman Catholic church would be a
definitive source of record keeping both in
feudal Europe as well as colonial Latin America
keeping tabs on populations through
sacraments.
Yet another skill question
• Which of the following types of evidence would most
strongly support the theory that the Americas were first
populated by people migrating across a land bridge that
connected Northeast Asia and North America?
• (A) The discovery of pottery from Ming China at a preColumbian site in Peru
• (B) American Indians’ lack of immunity to many diseases
endemic to Afro-Eurasia
• (C) Data showing a close genetic relationship between
American Indians and indigenous peoples of Siberia
• (D) Architectural similarities between the pyramids of
Teotihuacán, Mexico, and Giza, Egypt
C its all in the genes
• Genetic DNA serves as some of the strongest
data to prove earliest migratory patterns,
Some evidence being found know suggest
25% of those earliest settlements may have
hailed from Europe. As new evidence is found,
newer theories are developed.
Conquest
• Which of the following was the most important factor in enabling the
Spanish to defeat the Aztecs
• A. Spanish were able to field larger armies
• B. Spanish were able to use their understanding of Aztec culture to create
effective propaganda that weakened Aztec resistance
• C. Spanish were able to exploit discontent within the Aztec state to trigger
a revolt of the lower classes against Aztec ruling class
• D. Spanish were able to form military alliances with other indigenous
poeples who were enemies of the Aztecs
• E. Spanish were able to devise effective countermeasures to the horse
cavalry that formed the bulk of the Aztec army
Divide and conquer
• Cortez used the legend of Quetzacoatl,
discontent amongst tributary states and the
OD nature of Aztec sacrifice to divide and
conquer this decentralized Empire
Revolution
• The first successful revolution in the Carribean
and South America was launched in
• A. Haiti
• B. Argentina
• C. Cuba
• D. Colombia
• E. Jamaica
Haiti
• 1791-1804 led by Tousiaint L’Ouverture,
inspired by the American Revolution and
taking advantage of the French freeing the
enslaved, the first successful slave rebellion
took place on this carribean island named
after Taino word for mountains
20th Century Revolutions
• Which of the following is an accurate comparison of
the Chinese and Mexican revolutions during the 20th
century?
• A. both promoted imperialism
• B. both were supported by Japan
• C. both promoted religious education
• D. both were supported by an elite group of
landlords
• E. both generated land redistribution policies
Meet a much newer boss
• E. the peasant led rebellions of Maosit in
China and Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zappata,
fought against the corruption and exploitation
of the West and their neo-colonialist influence