Today
• Writing: using the comma
– Quiz
• Other punctuation
• Listening test
• Corpus linguistics talk, Part 3
• The healthy diet
• Recipes
1. The girl with the bright friendly
smile wore a bright green scarf
to celebrate St. Patrick's Day.
2. As he read the Chekhov story
he became aware of the
Russian's genius.
3. Dauphin Island located off the
coast of Alabama is a favorite
spot for fishing.
4. She was as a matter of fact
mainly interested in showing off
her vocabulary.
5. I often go to the seashore and
collect rocks there.
6. Before reaching the summit the
climbers were forced by a
storm to turn back.
7. Did you know that James Agee
the novelist and poet was also
a film critic?
8. Lady Jane Grey was the queen
of England from July 10 1553 to
July 19 1553.
9. Joseph registered for English 101
History 204 and Biology 106.
10. After discussing "Rain" we
agreed that Somerset
Maugham could really tell a
good story.
11. Squaw Valley California the
scene of the winter Olympics in
1960 is a ski resort.
12. Tomorrow I believe is the last
day to register to vote in the
November general election.
13. To perform well on Saturday
afternoon the athlete must
train every day of the week.
14. Understanding history
increases your understanding
of today's world.
15 Meg Fischer my cousin hopes
to graduate from law school in
two years.
16. He reads everything: road
maps want ads and cereal
boxes.
17. Having cut the roses she
decided to bring them to her
friend in the hospital.
18. "When" Jaime asked "will you
return my book?"
The coloured pens method
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2
3
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5
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15
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arity, which will be used to take a
from outside. You are invited to a
tion, we believe politicians of all
ould be reaching agreement with all
lack people. I have certainly been
. These should be discussed by both
presents They had hosted a cocktail
akes. By midnight the end-of-course
e should be a right for the injured
by the Safran Peoples ' Liberation
s. Ahead I could see the rest of my
cial ethic. The two main political
ritish successes in Perth The small
to help control. One member of the
rket society fashion magazine. The
security and secrecy than any Tory
1 political association
2 social event
3 group of people
Slide: 3
party of under-privileged children to D
party and after a couple of drinks you d
parties will listen to our views. &equo
parties concerned, as to which events,
party to one or two discussions amongst
parties before entering into the relatio
party at Kensington palace, for example
party is in full swing, but most cadet
party to terminate the contract. A mana
Party. This presents the powerful neigh
party plodding towards the final slope t
parties - the Tories and the Liberals party of British players competing in th
party went to summon the rescue team and
party was held at his flat which was a l
Party Conference : it seems that bootleg
4 person in an agreement/dispute
5 to be party to something...
Kilgarriff, Lexical Computing
Taiwan, Dec 2006
Age 2: limitations
as corpora get bigger:
too much data
•
•
•
50 lines for a word: read all
500 lines: could read all, takes a long time
5000 lines: impossible
Slide: 4
Kilgarriff, Lexical Computing
Taiwan, Dec 2006
Taiwan, Dec 2006
Why do corpora keep getting
bigger? (anyone?)
• Improvements in technology
– Price of storage is going down
– Speed of access is going up
• Representativeness
– Small corpus  many examples of
common words, maybe
– But not enough examples of unusual
words
Lexical distribution
• What’s the most common word in English?
• What % does it make up of a whole corpus?
• The 100 most common words make up __% of
all the words in a corpus?
• The 7500 most common words make up __%
• Answers:
– The, 5%, 45% and 90%
• So:
– you need massive corpora, if you want to really
represent rare words properly
Limitation of KWIC analysis
• As corpora get bigger: too much data
– 50 lines for a word: read all
– 500 lines: could read all, takes a long time
– 5000 lines: no
• Instead, look at a Word Sketch from
Sketch Engine
– a statistical summary of word usage
– shows most common collocates
9
10
Taiwan, Dec 2006
11
Taiwan, Dec 2006
Functions of SkE
• KWIC concordance
– Sorting, filtering etc
• Word sketch
• Automatic thesaurus
• Sketch difference
– discriminate near-synonyms
12
Lexical approach to language
learning
• Lewis (1993) and Schmitt (2000) say
–
–
–
–
the vocab is stored in the brain in collocations
Bacon is stored near eggs
蛋 is stored near 炒飯
scotch is stored with whisky
• Saying strong car or powerful tea or broken
house seems very “foreign”
13
From www.teachingenglish.org - a lexical
approach activity, based on a story text
14
SkE homework this week
• Choose 5 words from either source
• Check the words in the Thesaurus of Sketch
Engine
• Look at the top 4 “synonyms” and try to
answer:
1. Are the 4 words
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Really synonyms?
Antonyms (=opposites)?
Near synonyms
Some other relationship?
No relationship?
2. Why has Sketch Engine selected these
words, do you think? (2 or 3 sentences
altogether)
• Email your answers to
simon.tuesday9@gmail.com before
Sunday
Healthy diet: group questions
• What are the staples of Chinese food?
• How many different cuisines can you
name, from around the world?
• What are the characteristics of the
Mediterranean diet?
• Which countries follow that diet?
• Page 129, without looking at the article:
– A alone
– B in your group
Tuna pasta recipe
• Ingredients:
• 1 onion, 1 can chopped tomatoes, ½
can tomato paste, 1 tin tuna, cooking
oil, 50g mushrooms, 1 green pepper, 1
red pepper, 500g spaghetti or other
pasta, oregano 奧勒岡, rosemary 迷迭
香, black pepper, Parmesan cheese,
cooking oil, salt, water
• Method…
Recipes
• Dictation
• Chicken Kiev
• In groups: either
– Find a recipe you like, on the web
– Or make your own recipe and write it
down