Sistem Informasi Geografis
Konsep Dasar SIG
Aurelio Rahmadian
Definisi
System that captures, stores, analyzes,
manages, and presents data that are linked
to location(s).
 In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging
of cartography, statistical analysis, and
database technology.

Sejarah
The first computerized GIS began its life in 1960’s as
a project of the Rehabilitation and Development
Agency Program within the government of Canada.
The Canada Geographic Information System
(CGIS) was designed to analyze Canada's national
land inventory data to aid in the development of land
for agriculture.
 CGIS was used to store, analyze, and manipulate data
collected for the Canada Land Inventory (CLI) – an
effort to determine the land capability for rural
Canada by mapping information about soils,
agriculture, recreation, wildlife, waterfowl, forestry,
and land use at a scale of 1:50,000.
 CGIS developed by Dr. Roger Tomlinson.

Sejarah
In 1964, Howard Fisher established the
Harvard Lab for Computer Graphics
where many of the industries early leaders
studied.
 The Harvard Lab produced a number of
mainframe GIS applications including: SYMAP
(Synagraphic Mapping System),CALFORM,
SYMVU, GRID, POLYVRT, and ODYSSEY.
 ODYSSEY was first modern vector GIS and
many of its features would form the basis for
future commercial applications.

Sejarah
In 1969, Jack Dangermond, who studied at the
Harvard Lab for Computer Graphics, co-founded
Environmental Systems Research Institute
(ESRI) with his wife Laura.
 ESRI would become in a few years the dominate
force in the GIS marketplace and create ArcInfo
and ArcView software.
 Some of the popular commercial applications
launched during this period include: ArcInfo,
ArcView, MapInfo, SPANS GIS, PAMAP GIS,
INTERGRAPH, and SMALLWORLD.

Fungsi
GIS allows us to view, understand,
question, interpret, and visualize data in
many ways that reveal relationships,
patterns, and trends in the form of maps,
reports, and charts.
 A GIS helps you answer questions and
solve problems by looking at your data in
a way that is quickly understood and
easily shared.

Fungsi
Map Where Things Are
 Map Quantities
 Map Densities
 Find What's Inside
 Find What's Nearby
 Map Change

Geographic Approach
ASK

Approaching a problem geographically
involves framing the question from a
location-based perspective. What is the
problem you are trying to solve or
analyze, and where is it located?
ACQUIRE

After clearly defining the problem, it is necessary to
determine the data needed to complete your
analysis and ascertain where that data can be found
or generated. The type of data and the geographic
scope of your project will help direct your methods
of collecting data and conducting the analysis.
EXAMINE

You will not know for certain if the data
you have acquired is appropriate for your
study until you actually examine it. The
data ultimately selected for your analysis
depends on your original question or
questions as well as the results that you
are seeking and how those results will be
used.
ANALYZE

The data is processed and analyzed based
on the method of examination or analysis
you choose, which is dependent on the
results you hope to achieve.
ACT

The results and presentation of the analysis
are important parts of The Geographic
Approach. The results can be shared through
reports, maps, tables, and charts and
delivered in printed form or digitally over a
network or on the Web.You need to decide
on the best means for presenting your
analysis.You can compare the results from
different analyses and see which method
presents the information most accurately.
Aplikasi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Bisnis
Transportasi
Politik
Perbankan & Keuangan
Perpajakan & Pertanahan
Jurnalistik & Reportase
Periklanan
Sensus & Statistik
Pariwisata
Penentuan Lokasi Rawan Bencana
TUGAS
Makalah (maksimal 16/3/2011)
- Dasar Teori SIG
- Latar Belakang Masalah
- Aplikasi SIG berdasar pendekatan
geografis
 Presentasi

Tanggal
23/2/2011
2/3/2011
Kelompok
1–3
4–5
Referensi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Chang, K.-Tsung. 2008. Introduction to Geographic Information Systems.
McGraw Hill, Boston.
BETTINGER, Pete. 2004. Geographic Information Systems. McGraw
Hill, Boston.
Budiyanto, E. 2005. Sistem Informasi Geografis menggunakan ARC View
GIS. Edisi 2. Penerbit Andi,Yogyakarta.
Prahasta, E. 2005. Sistem informasi Geografis:Tutorial arcview. Penerbit
Informatika, Bandung.
Prahasta, E. 2005. Pengembangan aplikasi SIG dengan menggunakan
Borland Delphi, Ms,Visual Basic & MapBasic. Penerbit Informatika,
Bandung.
Prahasta, E. 2007. Sistem Informasi Geografis: membangun aplikasi Webbased GIS dengan MapServer. Penerbit Informatika, Bandung.
Prahasta, E. 2009. Sistem Informasi Geografis : Konsep-konsep Dasar
(Perspektif Geodesi & Geomatika). Penerbit Informatika. Bandung.