Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Common Characteristics of all Life
1.All living things contain DNA.
2.All living things grow and develop.
3.All living things are made of cells
4.All living things respond to their environment.
5.All living things reproduce.
6.All living things are able to maintain stable
internal conditions.
7.All living things obtain and use energy.
8.All living things evolve over time.
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
History of Life Project
Goals and Grading: You will work with your partner sitting at your
table to create a summary of the major event that you will be
assigned. You will create an information poster using 1 PowerPoint
slide Your poster (1 PowerPoint slide) must include:
• A title that is large and visible and describes the event.
Underneath the title, write the estimate of how long ago the
event occurred. (20 points)
• At least 1 or 2 pictures that represent the event. (20 points)
• A description of what occurred during the event. (50 points)
• You will present the event to the class and hang it on the
timeline. (10 points)
Timeline: You will have the rest of today and tomorrow to complete
your poster. We will present and create the timeline on Tuesday.
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Basic Characteristics of Animals
1. Animals exhibit all of the characteristics of living
things.
2. Animals are all heterotrophs- they obtain
nutrients and energy by eating other organisms.
3. Animals are also multicellular- their bodies are
composed of many cells.
4. The cells that make up animal bodies are
eukaryotic- containing a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles.
5. Unlike the cells of algae, fungi, and plants, animal
cells lack cell walls.
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
2 Major Divisions of the Animal Kingdom
Invertebrates
• Includes all animals that lack a backbone
• 95% of all animals are invertebrates
• Worms, jellyfishes, insects, and starfish
Vertebrates
• All animals that have a backbone
• 5% of all animals
• Mammals, reptiles, bird, amphibians, and fish
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Vocabulary pp 512-514
Systematics
Binomial Nomenclature
Taxon
Species
Genus
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Directions: Write and Answer the following
questions under our notes in the Life History tab
under The Tree of Life.
1.Do you notice any patterns in the timeline about the
history of animals?
2.What is the most interesting thing to you after looking
at the timeline?
3.When did animals evolve the ability to live on land?
4.How many years did it take for the first living things to
evolve from the formation of the earth?
5.How long did it take between first life and the first
animals that evolved?
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Classification
Goals
1. Helps organize the millions of living
species into groups that can be studied
more easily
2. Shows relationships between
organisms
3. The system can be used universally
around the world and eliminates the
confusion of common animal names
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Binomial Nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus developed
this two-word naming system
in the 1730s.
Rules
1. The scientific name usually is
Latin.
2. It is written in italics.
3. The first word begins with a
capital letter, and the second
word is lowercase.
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Example
The polar bear is called Ursus maritimus.
Ursus- is the genus name, which is a group
of similar species
maritimus- is the species name and is a
unique to each specific member of the
genus
The genus Ursus contains five other species
of bears, including Ursus arctos, or grizzly
bear.
Lesson Overview
Panthera leo
Panthera tigris
Finding Order in Diversity
Panthera pardus
Panthera onca
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Felis catus
Felis silvestris
Felis chaus
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Taxonomy
Linnaeus also developed a classification system that
organized species into larger groups.
Traditionally, organisms were grouped together by
anatomical similarities and differences. Today,
DNA and RNA sequences and evolutionary
relationships are used to show similarities and
differences between organisms.
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
The scientific classification system includes
seven taxa (levels) from largest to
smallest:
Kingdom
King
Phylum
Philip
Class
Came
Order
Over
Family
From
Genus
Germany
species
saturday
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Species
Panthera leo
Lesson Overview
Panthera leo
Panthera tigris
Finding Order in Diversity
Panthera pardus
Panthera onca
Genus:
Panthera
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Finding Order in Diversity
Family: Felidae
Genus: Panthera
Genus: Leopardus
Genus: Felis
Genus: Lynx
Genus: Puma
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Finding Order in Diversity
Order: Carnivora
Family Canidae: Dogs
and wolves
Family Felidae: Cats
Family Mustelidae:
Weasels, skunks
Family Ursidae: Bears,
raccoons, and pandas
Family Viverridae:
Mongooses and hyenas
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Finding Order in Diversity
Class: Mammalia
Order Carnivora
Order Cetacea
Order Insectivora
Order Marsupialia
Order Primates
Order Perissodactyla
Order Rodentia
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Finding Order in Diversity
Phylum: Chordata
Class Mammalia
Class Aves
Class Reptilia
Class Amphibia
Class Chondrichthyes
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Finding Order in Diversity
ANIMAL KINGDOM
Phylum Chordata
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Platyhelminthese
Phylum Annelida
All other animal Phyla
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Classification of Homo sapiens
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies-
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primate
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Common
Octopus
Common
Earthworm
Bald eagle
Chimpanzee
Humans
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Mollusca
Annelida
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Cephalopoda
Clitellata
Aves
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Octopoda
Haplotaxida
Accipitriformes
Primates
Primate
Family
Octopodidae
Lumbricidae
Addipitridae
Hominidae
Hominidae
Genus
Octopus
Lumbricus
Haliaeetus
Pan
Homo
species
vulgaris
terrestris
leucocephalus
troglodytes
sapiens
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
• Living things are organized into the
different groups within each taxa
based on characteristics they share
with organisms in those groups.
• Example- All mammals are:
vertebrates, warm-blooded, have
hair, produce milk to feed young
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity
Zoologists have organized all this
information to help identify and place
animals into the proper groups
1. Zoologists use field guides to locate and
identify animals.
2. Zoologists also use a dichotomous key
to identify animals.
Lesson Overview
Finding Order in Diversity