How to find and use
information
Extended essay workshop
May 18th 2009
Ásdís Hafstad, librarian
First steps
Analyse the topic
Decide on the main aspects of your topic and plan
your search.
Find keywords
When you have worked out the main concepts of
your topic, look for alternative terms or keywords
that describe each concept to use as search terms.
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Finding information
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The library catalogue
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Encyclopedias
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Britannica
Databasis
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www.gegnir.is
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Books
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Journals /magasin
www.hvar.is
The Internet?
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Evaluate Resources
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Relevance
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Currency
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When
Reliability
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Depth, level, geographical, time, primary/secondary
Who is responsible
Accuracy
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Propaganda, marketing...
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Referencing
Referencing involves letting your reader know exactly where you found your
information. It is a standard method of acknowledging the sources of your
information and others' ideas.
You must provide a reference for any information you
“quote” (use the exact words),
“paraphrase” (use the idea in different words)
“summarise”(express the main points of)
When it is someone else's opinion, theory or information.
Readers can check your sources of information, to verify any quotations you
have used and to follow-up your 'cited' author's arguments.
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Referencing styles
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There are many forms of referencing.
http://library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/index.html
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APA referencing (American Psychological Association)
Harvard Referencing
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Indirect citation (others ideas, your words)
Others ideas, your words
Author's name as part of the sentence:
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Schmidt (1998) defines this as reasonable....
As Schmidt (1998) said this is.....
Author's name not included in the sentence:

Calculations of potential energy savings ..(Cappelini et al., 2004) show that....
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Direct quoting
In-text citation.
Quotation marks placed around the quote and the author's
name and the year of
publication and the relevant page
number at the end of the citation.
‘The theory was first propounded in 1993’ (Comfort, 1997, p. 58)
Footnote citation
The citation source appears as a footer/footnote
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‘The theory was first propounded in 1993’ 1
1(Comfort, 1997, p. 58)
or
1Comfort, A. (1997). A good age. London: Mitchell Beazl
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Citation as footnote
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Reference list : Book (APA style)
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
The reference list at the end of your assignment
then gives the full details of all the in-text citations
and footnote citations in alphabetical order.
The example below is in different styles.
Comfort, A. (1997). A good age. London: Mitchell Beazl. (APA)
Comfort, A 1997, A good age, Mitchell Beazl, London. (Harvard)
Comfort, A. 1997. A good age. London: Mitchell Beazl. (Chicago)
Referencing styles follow strict rules of punctuation and
indentation. Check with your teachers to determine
which referencing style is preferred.
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Reference list: Journal article (APA style)
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Printed version. Basic form, single author
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Roy, A. (1982). Suicide in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal
of Psychiatry, 141, 171-177.
Internet articles based on a print source
(if electronic version is an exact duplicate of the
print version e.g. PDF format)

Arnold, T. (2001, Winter). Achieving playtime postives
[Electronic version]. Journal of Early Childhood,
5(4), 117-121.
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Journal article (APA style)
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Internet articles based on a print source
(if electronic version is different from the print version e.g.
HTML format) and internet journals only
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
Flibshaw, T. (1997, August 1). Helping seniors targeted
for telemarketing fraud. Journal of Aging, 17(2),
123-132. Retrieved February 2, 1999 from
http://www.fraud.org.htm
Journal articles from full-text databases (i.e. magazine or
newspaper articles)

Brown, J. & Coley, A. D. (1999, March 16). Federal
Bureau of Investigation. Journal of Encryption 78,
443-449. Retrieved October 23, 2001, from
EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier database.
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Keep a record
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Keep an accurate record of all the details of every
source you consult.
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The author, title of the book or journal article, title of the
journal, year of publication, page numbers, links, etc.
Articles from databases and internet muust have date
when retrieved
Acknowledge the source of the ideas that you have
used or mentioned in your work. If you don't, you
could be accused of plagiarism
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What is Plagiarism?
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Turning in someone else’s work as your own
Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving
credit
Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
changing words but copying the sentence structure of a
source without giving credit
copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes
up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not
(source: http://www.plagiarism.org/
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Copyright laws

the expression of original ideas is considered
intellectual property, and is protected by
copyright laws, just like original inventions.
Almost all forms of expression fall under
copyright protection as long as they are
recorded in some media (such as a book or a
computer file).
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Referencing recources

Referencing guides - APA
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPA.html

Referencing guides - APA
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/American_Psychological_Association_(A
PA)_Documentation_M.pdf
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Referencing guides - APA and Harvard
http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/referencing.htm
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Harvard stylehttp://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/cite/harvard_dis/
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Referencing and tutorials. Various style
http://library.curtin.edu.au/research_and_information_skills/index.html

Referencing guides
http://www.usq.edu.au/library/help/ehelp/ref_guides/default.htm
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
(all websites, accessed May 16th 2008).