Save "U.S." From
the Civil War!
Describe, evaluate, and create the compromises that
"resolved" the 1820-1857 slavery debate.
Answer:
Why did the South advocate for slavery?
Why did so many Northerners support abolition?
Missouri Compromise 1820-1821 Map
Compromise Structure
1. Missouri was added to
the US as a slave state.
2. Maine was added to the
US as a free state.
3. The Arkansas Territory
was open to slavery.
4. The Unorganized
Territory was closed to
slavery.
5. The 36˚30' Line said that
all states above
will become and all states
below will become slave
states.
Missouri Compromise 1820-1821
Northern Reaction
• North feared the
expansion of slavery in
the United States
• Desired to maintain the
balance between the free
and slave states (Senate)
Southern Reaction
• South desired to expand
slavery across the US
•
• They also hoped to gain
new lands in the area of
Mexico to create more
southern plantations
Missouri Compromise 1820-1821
Outcomes/Results of the Act:
• The Missouri Compromise acted as a "band-aid" for the
country between the Free North and the Slave South. The
country was facing a serious conflict over the issue of
slavery and the issue had caused a heated debate that had
drove a wedge between the North and the South.
• The 36˚30' Line created a boundary that would stop the
spread of slavery for the South. The South was displeased
with the result of the Missouri Compromise and 36˚30' Line.
• The unity of the country was in jeopardy over the issue of
slavery after the Missouri Compromise was decided!
The Compromise of 1850
5 Provisions to the Compromise
1. California admitted as a FREE state
2. Utah & New Mexico given popular sovereignty
3. Texas/Mexico boundary resolved: Texas paid $10 million
by federal govt
4. Slave Trade banned in DC; Slavery continued
5. Fugitive Slave Act
Compromise of 1850
Northern Reaction
• Gave in to Southern
demands in attempt to
delay secession
• Abolitionists angered at
the Fugitive Slave Act
Southern Reaction
• Delayed secession
• Fugitive Slave Act
pleased Southerners
Compromise of 1850
Outcomes/Results of the Act:
• Made another compromise inevitable
• Introduced the idea of Popular Sovereignty as a means
of compromise
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
• Organized the
state
governments of
Kansas &
Nebraska
• Popular
sovereignty in
the territories
of Kansas &
Nebraska
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
•
•
•
•
•
Northern Reaction
Pottawatomie Massacre
John Brown
angered by popular
sovereignty
hatred towards Stephen
A. Douglas
Sen. Charles Sumner
condemns Southerners
for fomenting violence in
Kansas
•
•
•
•
Southern Reaction
pro-slavery violence in
Kansas
pleased with the
expansion of slavery and
new potential political
power
Lecompton constitution
Rep. Preston Brooks
beats Sen. Charles
Sumner on the Senate
floor
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
Outcomes/Results of the Act:
• Slavery is allowed to potentially expand north of the
Missouri Compromise line of 36°30'N
• Concept of popular sovereignty fails
• The institution of slavery is essentially perpetual
• The South could establish and maintain a congressional
majority
• Stephen A. Douglas loses his bid for the 1856
Democratic presidential nomination
• Bleeding Kansas
• Kansas admitted as a free state (1861)
Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Supreme Court
Chief Justice Roger
B. Taney rules that
a slave holds no
rights in any state,
free or slave. The
court also finds
that the Missouri
Compromise (and
ensuing acts) were
unconstitutional.
Scott v. Sanford (1857)
•
•
•
•
•
Northern Reaction
increase in abolitionist
sentiments
Harper's Ferry Raid
growing appeal of antislavery political
platforms (the
Republican party)
Lincoln's "House Divided"
speech
waning support for
compromise on slavery
Southern Reaction
• enthusiastic; slavery
expanded
• the preservation of
slavery = the
preservation of the Union
• the case supported the
concept of states' rights
Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Outcomes/Results of the case:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Removed all barriers to the expansion of slavery
Dissolution of the Missouri Compromise
Loss of Northern political dominance
Divided the Democratic party in the Election of 1860
Increased opposition to slavery in the North
Emboldened Southern supporters of slavery
Strengthened the Republican platform & its public
support