Human Body Unit
Part
II/XIII
Human Body Unit
Part
II/XIII
• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
notes.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
-Nice neat notes that are legible and use
indentations when appropriate.
-Example of indent.
-Skip a line between topics
-Don’t skip pages
-Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please label.
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow
directions, complete projects as described
and answer required questions neatly.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise
your hand as soon as you see him.
– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
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• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise
your hand as soon as you see him.
– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
“I’ll be about
this big
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
Area of Focus: The Skeletal System.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Picture of you without a skeletal system.
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• Picture of you without a skeletal system.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
“Are bones
living?”
“They are
made of living
tissue.”
• Bone contains three types of cells. These
three cells…
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• Bone contains three types of cells. These
three cells…
– Osteoblasts: Make new bone and help repair damage.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Bone contains three types of cells. These
three cells…
– Osteoblasts: Make new bone and help repair damage.
– Osteocytes: Carry nutrients and waste products to and
from blood vessels in the bone.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Bone contains three types of cells. These
three cells…
– Osteoblasts: Make new bone and help repair damage.
– Osteocytes: Carry nutrients and waste products to and
from blood vessels in the bone.
– Osteoclasts, Break down bone and help to sculpt and
shape it.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Bone contains three types of cells. These
three cells…
– Osteoblasts: Make new bone and help repair damage.
– Osteocytes: Carry nutrients and waste products to and
from blood vessels in the bone.
– Osteoclasts, Break down bone and help to sculpt and
shape it.
Learn more about bone cells (advanced) at…
http://depts.washington.edu/bonebio/ASBMRed/cells.html
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which of the following prefixes relates to
bones?
– A.) Abdomino
– B.) Osteo
– C.) Cerebo
– D.) Cardio
– E.) Dermato
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• Which of the following prefixes relates to
bones?
– A.) Abdomino
– B.) Osteo
– C.) Cerebo
– D.) Cardio
– E.) Dermato
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Bones are coated in a thin layer of blood
vessels that nourish the bone.
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• Bones are coated in a thin layer of blood
vessels that nourish the bone.
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• Activity! Who can guess the number of
bones in an adult human being.
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• An adult human has 206 bones.
– When you are born, you have over 300
bones. They fuse together as you get older.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• An adult human has 206 bones.
– When you are born, you have over 300
bones. They fuse together as you get older.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• An adult human has 206 bones.
– When you are born, you have over 300
bones. They fuse together as you get older.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• An adult human has 206 bones.
– When you are born, you have over 300
bones. They fuse together as you get older.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• An adult human has 206 bones.
– When you are born, you have over 300
bones. They fuse together as you get older.
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• Many bones form from a tissue called
cartilage.
• Feel the tip of your nose and your ears.
They are both made of cartilage.
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• At just a few months old, bone starts to
replace your cartilage.
–
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• At just a few months old, bone starts to
replace your cartilage.
– This process stops at about 25 years old and
that is when you stop growing.
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• At just a few months old, bone starts to
replace your cartilage.
– This process stops at about 25 years old and
that is when you stop growing.
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
The skeletal system…
-
-
-

Provides the shape and form.
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• Provides the shape and form.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Provides the shape and form.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Provides the shape and form.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Provides the shape and form.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Provides the shape and form.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Provides the shape and form.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Provides the shape and form.
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• Provides the shape and form.
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• What animal is this?
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• What animal is this?
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• What animal is this?
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• What animal is this?
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• What animal is this?
• What animal is this?
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• Answer! Anteater.
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• What animal is this?
• Bird bones have air spaces in them so
they are light weight.
– Why does a bird need light weight bones.
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• The structure of bird bones is a lot like
corrugated cardboard.
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• The structure of bird bones is a lot like
corrugated cardboard.
– These type of bones are very light weight so
the bird can fly with minimal effort.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• What animal is this?
• What animal is this?
• What skeleton is this?
• What is this?
• What animal is this?

The skeletal system…
-
-
-
Provides shape and form

Supports.
• Tendons connect muscles to the bones.
– Picture below is reattachment of Achilles
tendon.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Everyone stand in place and do
one jump in the air all at once.
– Make sure your area is safe and feel how your
tendons, muscles and skeleton work together.
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
Protects.
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• What is the point of this cage?
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• Your skeletal system surrounds your most
important internal organs with a rib cage.
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• Your skeletal system surrounds your most
important internal organs with a rib cage.
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• Your skeletal system surrounds your most
important internal organs with a rib cage.
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• Your skeletal system surrounds your most
important internal organs with a rib cage.
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• Your skeletal system surrounds your most
important internal organs with a rib cage.
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• Your pelvis helps protect the bladder,
intestines, and reproductive organs in
women.
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• You eyes are protected by the eye sockets.
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• Your brain is protected by the skull case
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• Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
– A blow to the head that disrupts normal brain
function.
– A mild blow to the head can result in being
knocked unconscious.
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• Repetitive collisions / concussions can
cause a number of serious brain
functioning problems later on in life.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
“Protect
your brain.” can
• Repetitive collisions
/ concussions
“Yourofgoing
to need
it in life.”
cause a number
serious
brain
functioning problems later on in life.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Repetitive collisions / concussions can
cause a number of serious brain
functioning problems later on in life.
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• Seatbelts save lives.
– Avoid serious brain injury and death by
wearing one.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Video! Why you should always wear a
seatbelt.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7iYZPp2zYY
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
– 50,000 people in the U.S. die each year
– Most occur from falls and motor vehicle
accidents.
– In severe cases your brain doesn’t function
well anymore.
• What does the above mean?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Helmets can help prevent serious brain
injury. Wear them!
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• Helmets can help prevent serious brain
injury. Wear them!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Helmets can help prevent serious brain
injury. Wear them!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Helmets can help prevent serious brain
injury. Wear them! and be smart.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Video Link! Josh’s Story.
– What can you learn from Josh and his family?
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ609Tk-qQI
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Produces blood.
• An average of 2.6 million red blood cells
are produced each second by the bone
marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• An average of 2.6 million red blood cells
are produced each second by the bone
marrow to replace those worn out and
destroyed by the liver.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• If there is a problem with your bone
marrow, a transplant can give you healthy
new marrow.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• If there is a problem with your bone
marrow, a transplant can give you healthy
new marrow.
– You could need a transplant because of a
disease or if cancer treatment kills your
healthy blood cells.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• There are two main categories of bones.
– Spongy Bone
– Compact Bone
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• There are two main categories of bones.
– Spongy Bone
– Compact Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• There are two main categories of bones.
– Spongy Bone
– Compact Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• There are two main categories of bones.
– Spongy Bone
– Compact Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• There are two main categories of bones.
– Spongy Bone
– Compact Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Spongy bone or soft bone contains bone
marrow.
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• Spongy bone or soft bone contains bone
marrow. Spongy or Compact?
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• Spongy bone or soft bone contains bone
marrow. Spongy or Compact?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Spongy bone or soft bone contains bone
marrow. Spongy or Compact?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Spongy bone or soft bone contains bone
marrow. Spongy or Compact?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Bone Marrow contains many blood
vessels.
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• Bone Marrow contains many blood
vessels.
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• Bone Marrow contains many blood
vessels.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Bone Marrow contains many blood
vessels.
– Red Marrow: Creates red and white blood
cells.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Bone Marrow contains many blood
vessels.
– Red Marrow: Creates red and white blood
cells.
– Yellow: Contains fat cells
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Axial Skeleton: The
supportive structure of the
body oriented along its
median longitudinal axis.
• Appendicular Skeleton:
Attaches to something, the
extremities.
• Axial Skeleton: The
supportive structure of the
body oriented along its
median longitudinal axis.
• Appendicular Skeleton:
Attaches to something, the
extremities.
• Axial Skeleton: The
supportive structure of the
body oriented along its
median longitudinal axis
• Axial Skeleton: The
supportive structure of the
body oriented along its
median longitudinal axis
• Appendicular Skeleton:
Attaches to something, the
extremities.
• Axial Skeleton: The
supportive structure of the
body oriented along its
median longitudinal axis
• Appendicular Skeleton:
Attaches to something, the
extremities.
• Which skeleton is the axial, and which is
the appendicular?
• Which skeleton is the axial, and which is
the appendicular?
• Which skeleton is the axial, and which is
the appendicular?
• Which skeleton is the axial, and which is
the appendicular?
• Which skeleton is the axial, and which is
the appendicular?
• Which skeleton is the axial, and which is
the appendicular?
• Which skeleton is the axial, and which is
the appendicular?
• Which skeleton is the axial, and which is
the appendicular?
• Bones are categorized into several groups.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Bones are categorized into several groups.
– Long Bones
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• Bones are categorized into several groups.
– Long Bones
– Flat Bones
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Bones are categorized into several groups.
– Long Bones
– Flat Bones
– Irregular Bones
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Bones are categorized into several groups.
– Long Bones
– Flat Bones
– Irregular Bones
– Short Bones
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Yellow
Marrow
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
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Yellow
Marrow
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
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Spongy
Yellow
Marrow
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Spongy
Yellow
Marrow
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Spongy
Yellow
Marrow
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Compact
Red Marrow
Irregular Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
“Oh-no!” “We
are trying it one
more time.”
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
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Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Yellow
Marrow
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Yellow
Marrow
Long Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Spongy
Yellow
Marrow
Long Bone
Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Spongy
Yellow
Marrow
Long Bone
Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Irregular Bone
Red Marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Spongy
Yellow
Marrow
Long Bone
Bone
Short
Bones Flat Bones
Long
Bone
Compact
Irregular Bone
Bone
Red Marrow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Video! (Optional) Skeletal System Song
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vya4wpS2fgk
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Allows movement.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Allows movement.
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
Stores minerals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Your bones constantly build-up and break
down keeping calcium levels regulated.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Osteoporosis: The thinning of bone tissue
and loss of bone density over time.
Learn more about osteoporosis at..
http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/osteoporosis/
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which side of this picture show’s bone in
the later stages of osteoporosis?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer! The picture on the right shows
serious bone thinning.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Bones are held together by connective
tissues.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Bones are held together by connective
tissues.
Note! Connective tissue is generally
covered with the muscular system but
will be taught today as it does relate to
the movement of the skeletal system.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Bones are held together by connective
tissues.
 Ligaments:
Bones to bones
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Bones are held together by connective
tissues.
 Ligaments:
Bones to bones
 Tendons: Bones to muscles
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Bones are held together by connective
tissues.
 Ligaments:
Bones to bones
 Tendons: Bones to muscles
Learn more about connective tissues (advanced) at…
http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units1to4/unit3/connecti.htm
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Quiz Wiz! Stretch Activity.
• Tendon or Ligament
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Conduct some safe movement based
stretching to loosen your muscles which
are attached by tendons.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Stand and use signals to represent your
answer.
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• Stand and use signals to represent your
answer.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Stand and use signals to represent your
answer.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Stand and use signals to represent your
answer.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Stand and use signals to represent your
answer.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Stand and use signals to represent your
answer.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
1
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
1
Muscle
1
Muscle
Bone
1
Muscle
Bone
1
Muscle
Bone
2
2
3
3
Muscle
3
Muscle
Bone
3
Muscle
Bone
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
4
4
5
5