Human Body Unit Part II/XIII Human Body Unit Part II/XIII • RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your notes. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy -Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations when appropriate. -Example of indent. -Skip a line between topics -Don’t skip pages -Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please label. Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. • BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. – He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. – He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow “I’ll be about this big Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Area of Focus: The Skeletal System. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Picture of you without a skeletal system. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Picture of you without a skeletal system. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy “Are bones living?” “They are made of living tissue.” • Bone contains three types of cells. These three cells… Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bone contains three types of cells. These three cells… – Osteoblasts: Make new bone and help repair damage. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bone contains three types of cells. These three cells… – Osteoblasts: Make new bone and help repair damage. – Osteocytes: Carry nutrients and waste products to and from blood vessels in the bone. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bone contains three types of cells. These three cells… – Osteoblasts: Make new bone and help repair damage. – Osteocytes: Carry nutrients and waste products to and from blood vessels in the bone. – Osteoclasts, Break down bone and help to sculpt and shape it. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bone contains three types of cells. These three cells… – Osteoblasts: Make new bone and help repair damage. – Osteocytes: Carry nutrients and waste products to and from blood vessels in the bone. – Osteoclasts, Break down bone and help to sculpt and shape it. Learn more about bone cells (advanced) at… http://depts.washington.edu/bonebio/ASBMRed/cells.html Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which of the following prefixes relates to bones? – A.) Abdomino – B.) Osteo – C.) Cerebo – D.) Cardio – E.) Dermato Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which of the following prefixes relates to bones? – A.) Abdomino – B.) Osteo – C.) Cerebo – D.) Cardio – E.) Dermato Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bones are coated in a thin layer of blood vessels that nourish the bone. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bones are coated in a thin layer of blood vessels that nourish the bone. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! Who can guess the number of bones in an adult human being. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • An adult human has 206 bones. – When you are born, you have over 300 bones. They fuse together as you get older. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • An adult human has 206 bones. – When you are born, you have over 300 bones. They fuse together as you get older. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • An adult human has 206 bones. – When you are born, you have over 300 bones. They fuse together as you get older. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • An adult human has 206 bones. – When you are born, you have over 300 bones. They fuse together as you get older. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • An adult human has 206 bones. – When you are born, you have over 300 bones. They fuse together as you get older. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Many bones form from a tissue called cartilage. • Feel the tip of your nose and your ears. They are both made of cartilage. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • At just a few months old, bone starts to replace your cartilage. – Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • At just a few months old, bone starts to replace your cartilage. – This process stops at about 25 years old and that is when you stop growing. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • At just a few months old, bone starts to replace your cartilage. – This process stops at about 25 years old and that is when you stop growing. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy The skeletal system… - - - Provides the shape and form. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Provides the shape and form. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Provides the shape and form. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Provides the shape and form. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Provides the shape and form. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Provides the shape and form. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Provides the shape and form. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Provides the shape and form. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Provides the shape and form. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What animal is this? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What animal is this? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What animal is this? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What animal is this? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What animal is this? • What animal is this? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer! Anteater. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What animal is this? • Bird bones have air spaces in them so they are light weight. – Why does a bird need light weight bones. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The structure of bird bones is a lot like corrugated cardboard. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The structure of bird bones is a lot like corrugated cardboard. – These type of bones are very light weight so the bird can fly with minimal effort. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What animal is this? • What animal is this? • What skeleton is this? • What is this? • What animal is this? The skeletal system… - - - Provides shape and form Supports. • Tendons connect muscles to the bones. – Picture below is reattachment of Achilles tendon. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! Everyone stand in place and do one jump in the air all at once. – Make sure your area is safe and feel how your tendons, muscles and skeleton work together. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Protects. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What is the point of this cage? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Your skeletal system surrounds your most important internal organs with a rib cage. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Your skeletal system surrounds your most important internal organs with a rib cage. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Your skeletal system surrounds your most important internal organs with a rib cage. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Your skeletal system surrounds your most important internal organs with a rib cage. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Your skeletal system surrounds your most important internal organs with a rib cage. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Your pelvis helps protect the bladder, intestines, and reproductive organs in women. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • You eyes are protected by the eye sockets. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Your brain is protected by the skull case Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) – A blow to the head that disrupts normal brain function. – A mild blow to the head can result in being knocked unconscious. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Repetitive collisions / concussions can cause a number of serious brain functioning problems later on in life. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy “Protect your brain.” can • Repetitive collisions / concussions “Yourofgoing to need it in life.” cause a number serious brain functioning problems later on in life. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Repetitive collisions / concussions can cause a number of serious brain functioning problems later on in life. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Seatbelts save lives. – Avoid serious brain injury and death by wearing one. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Video! Why you should always wear a seatbelt. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7iYZPp2zYY Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) – 50,000 people in the U.S. die each year – Most occur from falls and motor vehicle accidents. – In severe cases your brain doesn’t function well anymore. • What does the above mean? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Helmets can help prevent serious brain injury. Wear them! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Helmets can help prevent serious brain injury. Wear them! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Helmets can help prevent serious brain injury. Wear them! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Helmets can help prevent serious brain injury. Wear them! and be smart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Video Link! Josh’s Story. – What can you learn from Josh and his family? – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ609Tk-qQI Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Produces blood. • An average of 2.6 million red blood cells are produced each second by the bone marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • An average of 2.6 million red blood cells are produced each second by the bone marrow to replace those worn out and destroyed by the liver. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • If there is a problem with your bone marrow, a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • If there is a problem with your bone marrow, a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. – You could need a transplant because of a disease or if cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • There are two main categories of bones. – Spongy Bone – Compact Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • There are two main categories of bones. – Spongy Bone – Compact Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • There are two main categories of bones. – Spongy Bone – Compact Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • There are two main categories of bones. – Spongy Bone – Compact Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • There are two main categories of bones. – Spongy Bone – Compact Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Spongy bone or soft bone contains bone marrow. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Spongy bone or soft bone contains bone marrow. Spongy or Compact? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Spongy bone or soft bone contains bone marrow. Spongy or Compact? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Spongy bone or soft bone contains bone marrow. Spongy or Compact? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Spongy bone or soft bone contains bone marrow. Spongy or Compact? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bone Marrow contains many blood vessels. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bone Marrow contains many blood vessels. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bone Marrow contains many blood vessels. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bone Marrow contains many blood vessels. – Red Marrow: Creates red and white blood cells. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bone Marrow contains many blood vessels. – Red Marrow: Creates red and white blood cells. – Yellow: Contains fat cells Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Axial Skeleton: The supportive structure of the body oriented along its median longitudinal axis. • Appendicular Skeleton: Attaches to something, the extremities. • Axial Skeleton: The supportive structure of the body oriented along its median longitudinal axis. • Appendicular Skeleton: Attaches to something, the extremities. • Axial Skeleton: The supportive structure of the body oriented along its median longitudinal axis • Axial Skeleton: The supportive structure of the body oriented along its median longitudinal axis • Appendicular Skeleton: Attaches to something, the extremities. • Axial Skeleton: The supportive structure of the body oriented along its median longitudinal axis • Appendicular Skeleton: Attaches to something, the extremities. • Which skeleton is the axial, and which is the appendicular? • Which skeleton is the axial, and which is the appendicular? • Which skeleton is the axial, and which is the appendicular? • Which skeleton is the axial, and which is the appendicular? • Which skeleton is the axial, and which is the appendicular? • Which skeleton is the axial, and which is the appendicular? • Which skeleton is the axial, and which is the appendicular? • Which skeleton is the axial, and which is the appendicular? • Bones are categorized into several groups. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bones are categorized into several groups. – Long Bones Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bones are categorized into several groups. – Long Bones – Flat Bones Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bones are categorized into several groups. – Long Bones – Flat Bones – Irregular Bones Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Bones are categorized into several groups. – Long Bones – Flat Bones – Irregular Bones – Short Bones Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Yellow Marrow Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Yellow Marrow Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Spongy Yellow Marrow Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Spongy Yellow Marrow Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Spongy Yellow Marrow Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Compact Red Marrow Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy “Oh-no!” “We are trying it one more time.” Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Yellow Marrow Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Yellow Marrow Long Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Spongy Yellow Marrow Long Bone Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Spongy Yellow Marrow Long Bone Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Irregular Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Spongy Yellow Marrow Long Bone Bone Short Bones Flat Bones Long Bone Compact Irregular Bone Bone Red Marrow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Video! (Optional) Skeletal System Song – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vya4wpS2fgk Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Allows movement. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Allows movement. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Stores minerals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Your bones constantly build-up and break down keeping calcium levels regulated. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Osteoporosis: The thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time. Learn more about osteoporosis at.. http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/osteoporosis/ Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which side of this picture show’s bone in the later stages of osteoporosis? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer! The picture on the right shows serious bone thinning. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Bones are held together by connective tissues. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Bones are held together by connective tissues. Note! Connective tissue is generally covered with the muscular system but will be taught today as it does relate to the movement of the skeletal system. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Bones are held together by connective tissues. Ligaments: Bones to bones Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Bones are held together by connective tissues. Ligaments: Bones to bones Tendons: Bones to muscles Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Bones are held together by connective tissues. Ligaments: Bones to bones Tendons: Bones to muscles Learn more about connective tissues (advanced) at… http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units1to4/unit3/connecti.htm Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Quiz Wiz! Stretch Activity. • Tendon or Ligament Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Conduct some safe movement based stretching to loosen your muscles which are attached by tendons. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Stand and use signals to represent your answer. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Stand and use signals to represent your answer. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Stand and use signals to represent your answer. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Stand and use signals to represent your answer. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Stand and use signals to represent your answer. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Stand and use signals to represent your answer. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy 1 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy 1 Muscle 1 Muscle Bone 1 Muscle Bone 1 Muscle Bone 2 2 3 3 Muscle 3 Muscle Bone 3 Muscle Bone Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy 4 4 5 5