THURSDAY 5/29: REVIEW DAY
• Get out your study guide; today is your day
to work!
• Tomorrow:
• Final Exam Essay
• Monday 6/2-Study Guide is due-we will go over in class together!
FINAL EXAM ESSAY QUESTION:
• For your final writing assignment this school year,
you will need to demonstrate you are capable of
answering one essential question we studied by
reflecting on your experience during the Model
United Nations exercise and applying those
questions to the operation of the United Nations.
• Each question should include examples from the
case study on the United Nations, and explain how
or why you feel the way you do.
OPTIONS:
1. Which states feel a tremendous sense of belonging
in the United Nations? Which do not? Explain the
reasons and give examples from the case study or
background on the United Nations.
2. How does the United Nations distribute power and
control? Explain the reasons and give examples
from the case study or background on the United
Nations.
3. How is the United Nations able (or unable) to enact
change throughout the world? Explain the reasons
and give examples from the case study or
background on the United Nations.
FORMAT
• Your answer will be in the form of a 3-paragraph essay as
outlined below. You will be given an outline that you will be
allowed to use on the day of the written exam.
• Introduction-
• Contains a thesis-which essential question will you write about?—Your
thesis is a 1 sentence general response to the question showing which
side you are going to argue and the main points of the entire
paragraph!
• Defines what your question word means (belonging, power & control,
change or diversity)
• Contains a provable point-how does the United Nations fit into that
theme?
• Establishes the organization of the essay-what are your main points?
• 2 Body Paragraphs-
• Thoroughly defend your thesis/position
• Demonstrate your understanding of the content
• Response should make connections to the theme of the unit
HOW DO I PREPARE?
• Use your notes to figure out which question you
want to answer
• Complete the outline-you can use this while you
write tomorrow!
FRIDAY 5/30 ESSAY EXAM DAY
• Turn in ANY late work-today is the last day!
• Today:
• Complete ONE of the essay topics provided
• Write out your 3-paragraph response
• Remember-1 Intro paragraph, 1 body paragraph, a conclusion paragraph!
• When you finish:
• Work on something quietly-study guide is due Monday!
MONDAY 6/2: STUDY GUIDE REVIEW DAY
• Get your Study Guide checked in with me
• Check your folder one last time-anything not taken
today will get thrown away!
UNIT 4: WHY DOES
CHANGE OCCUR?
RENAISSANCE
• Define Renaissance. Rebirth; time period of great change in
society, the arts and thinking
• Define Humanism. Focus on Individuals achievements and
potential
• Define Perspective. Painting technique to make images look
more realistic
• What is the printing press AND how did it change society?
machine that printed documents; allowed the Bible and other
documents to be spread around the World; allowed the Bible
and other works to be printed en mass and distributed to the
people
• How does each of the following areas change between the
Middle Ages and the Renaissance?
• Art: Use of Perspective
• Science: discoveries in space, on earth, interest in the human body
• Religious Importance: Less concerned with the afterlife
•
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
• Define Protestant Reformation. movement led by Martin Luther, John
Calvin and others in splitting from the Catholic church
• Who is Martin Luther? Why is he significant to the Protestant
Reformation? He was the Catholic monk whose Ninety-Five Theses
helped to launch the Reformation.
• What were the criticisms of the Catholic Church in the 1500’s?
• Popes spent extravagantly on personal pleasures, fought wars and patronized
the arts.
• Lower clergy were uneducated
• Clergy broke priestly vows such as marrying, gambling and drinking to excess
• Popes and members of clergy too occupied with money and wealth
• Objected to Selling of indulgences
• Pardons – Free Passes - from punishment or sin
• What were the causes of the Protestant Reformation?
• Renaissance emphasis on the secular (non-religious) and individual challenged
Church authority
• Printing press spreads secular (non-religious) ideas
• Ruler’s resent popes’ attempts to control them
• Northern merchants resented paying taxes to Rome
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
(CONTINUED)
• Why did Martin Luther create the 95 Theses? What was his
goal? document written by Martin Luther about his grievances
with the Catholic Church
• What does Luther’s phrase “justification by faith alone” mean?
only faith in God mattered; Bible is the sole religious authority
• Why does Henry VIII (Henry the 8th) split from the Catholic
Church creating his own in England? Personal reasons-he
wanted a divorce so he could remarry and have a son-heir to
the throne
• What are the results of the Protestant Reformation? Creation of
protestant sects of Christianity-Lutherans, Anglican Church,
Calvinists, etc. Henry VIII breaks away from Rome.
FRENCH REVOLUTION
• Describe/Define the 7 common characteristics of revolution.
• An autocratic form of government: The government has nearly
absolute control of the citizenry, usually repressing civil rights.
• A very unequal distribution of power or resources: The majority of the
power and wealth of the nation is possessed by a small fraction of the
population.
• An emerging, educated middle class: The economy is changing
leading to the economic rise of a middle class, generally consisting of
skilled workers and merchants that possess a rudimentary education.
• A discontented middle class: The middle class is no longer
complacent about the privileged lives of the nobles, or traditional
oligarchic class
• A repressive form of punishment: A show of power by the government
that is viewed by the citizens as over the top or overly harsh
• A philosophical movement: A change in the way the people view
their place in society, or their system of government, generally lead by
philosophers
• A spark to ignite the fire of revolution: An event or series of events that
raises the willingness of the average citizen to support revolution.
•
FRENCH REVOLUTION (CONTINUED)
• Who is the king of France before the revolution? Why did the
people not like him? King Louis XVI; Ruled as Absolute monarch
Increased debts due to foreign wars and poor economics
• Who is the queen of France before the revolution? Why did the
people not like her? Queen Marie Antoinette (of Austria); Not
liked because not French; Spent a lot of money
• Define Estate. “classes” of society
• First Estate: Clergy
• Second Estate: Nobles
• Third Estate: Peasants
• What is the Reign of Terror? What happens during this time? a
brutal attempt at eliminating anyone who was suspected of
disloyalty, led by Robespierre
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• Define Cottage Industry. small scale industry where the work day was
determined by nature, workers were hard to replace, productivity is low,
worker possesses knowledge of the trade.
• Define Factory System. large scale industry where the work day was
determined by clock, workers were easy to replace, productivity is high,
worker possesses little knowledge of the trade.
• Define Capitalism. Economic system in which individuals rather than
governments control the factors of production
• Define Communism. Government owns the means of production and
controls economic planning; believed that violent revolution against
owners was necessary
• Where were early factories located? Why? Water power to move
waterwheels 2nd: Steam engine—used in factories and eventually in boats
and railroads. Use coal to heat water and create steam. No longer need
to be directly on rivers, but rather near both water (including canals) and
coal mines
POLITICAL CARTOONS
• What is the purpose of a political cartoon? Image that
communicates powerful ideas often in a humorous,
enlightening manner incorporates the events of the period into
an easily understandable format most people could relate to
even with limited reading abilities. Symbols, caricature,
drawings and exaggerations used by the cartoonist point out
themes and problems of any given time period.
• Explain each of the following 5 features that are used in
political cartoons.
• Symbolism- Simple objects that stand for larger concepts or ideas
• Exaggeration- Characteristics that are overdone, overblown; Look for
facial expressions, clothing, etc.
• Labeling- Words that make objects or people clear to the reader
• Analogy- Comparison between two unlike things
• Irony- Difference between the way things are and the way things
should be; Expresses the cartoonists’ opinion
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
(CONTINUED)
• Why did they use women and children to work in factories
as opposed to men? Cheaper labor; children could fit in
between moving machinery more easily to fix them.
• How did technology change transportation during the
Industrial Revolution? With the invention of the steam
engine, the locomotives (railroads) were built, which
allowed goods and people to travel further, quicker!
• What reforms were made during the Industrial Revolution
leading to the improvement of the working class
conditions? Child Labor laws, Factory Acts of 1833
GLOBALIZATION
•Define Globalization: Refers to the process by which national
economies, politics, cultures, and societies become integrated
with those of other nations around the world.
•Explain what Multinational Corporations are: Global Market
Place; Conducts research, operates factories, & sells products in
many countries, just NOT where its headquarters and principle
shareholders are located.
List and explain the positive & negative impact
of globalization throughout the world today.
Positives
Negatives
• Global trade provides consumers
with a greater variety of goods and
services.
• Concern that rich nations are
exploiting (taking advantage of) the
poor countries.
• Competition keeps prices lower.
• Many believe that the World Bank
and the IMF should be doing more
ease the economic problems that
many nations face today.
• Mass movement from rural to urban
areas
gives people better access to
education and
health care.
• Introduction of new technology.
• Overall higher standard of living.
• Environmentalists push for
sustainability, development
UNIT 5: THE UNITED
NATIONS
THE U. N.
• Define Resolution. A formal expression of opinion or intention made,
usually after voting, by a formal organization, a legislature, a club, or
other group.
• Define Charter. A document that describes an organizations goals
and principles.
• Define Convention.
• Define Intervention.to become involved in something (such as a
conflict) in order to have an influence on what happens
• What is the purpose of the United Nations and where is it located
today? To create a place where nations can communicate to
reduce isolationism and non-intervention by foreign nations in times of
need; headquarters in New York City
• What events prompted the creation of the United Nations? Failure of
the League of Nations; end of World War II
DEFINE THE ROLE OF THE FOLLOWING
GROUPS WITHIN THE UNITED
NATIONS:
• The general assembly- Major branch of the UN that includes equal
representation of all member nations, which receives reports and
makes resolutions to increase discussion and diplomacy amongst
nations
• the secretary general- Secretariat—Branch of the UN which runs the
major organizations, administers peacekeeping operations, and is run
by the Secretary General—the elected leader of the UN
• the security council- Made up of 15 nations including 5 permanent
members who have veto power over resolutions; Permanent
Members: US, UK, France, Russia, China; 10 other nations elected
regionally for 2 years
• the economic and social council- Oversees economic and social
work of 14 agencies including UNICEF (Children’s Fund), UNHCR
(Refugees), and various other organizations dealing with human rights
as defined by the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”
GENOCIDE
• Define Genocide. Any acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a
national, ethnical, racial or religious group.
• List and explain the 8 stages of genocide
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Classification-Categorizing people by race, ethnicity, religion or nationality. This is done in
nearly all societies, however polarized societies are the most likely to commit genocide
Symbolization-Symbols or names are given to groups to identify and separate them.
Generally these serve as a way to divide “us” and “them”
Dehumanization-Using broadcast and print media, one group is proclaimed as less than
human. They are often compared to vermin or insects. This is key because it helps divert the
general repulsion to murder.
Organization-Genocidal governments create special killing units, usually militias, such as the
Janjaweed to allow for deniability.
Polarization-Groups are driven farther apart, laws may forbid inter-marriage, propaganda
encourages extreme views, moderates are silenced or eliminated
Preparation-Victims are identified, often forced to wear identification, often segregated into
ghettoes or camps.
Extermination-Mass killing of the victims begins and usually happens on a large scale. It is
often referred to as extermination to continue to dehumanize victims
Denial-The act that follows a genocide. Officials hide evidence, intimidate witnesses, and
blame the victims.
• Explain the role of the UN in genocide—what must be done? Countries have
claimed ‘Never
NUCLEAR WEAPONS
• Define Nuclear Weapons. weapons that harness the
power of the atom and are vastly more powerful than
conventional weapons
• Define Nuclear Proliferation. a rapid spread or increase of
nuclear weapons to countries around the world
• Which countries around the world are trying to get
nuclear weapons? Iran, Pakistan, North Korea
• What is the biggest concern about nuclear weapons and
terrorist organizations? Black Market sales; nowhere to
retaliate
NATURAL DISASTERS
• Define natural disaster. a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of
the Earth; examples include floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis,
and other geologic processes. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property
damage
•
• Give examples of types of natural disasters. Earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes
(cyclones, typhoons), Landslides, Flooding
•
• Define Early Warning Systems. Systems put in place to predict, prevent damage,
warn people and respond to emergencies.
• Describe each of the four components of Early Warning Systems.
• Risk Knowledge-Knowledge of the relevant hazards and of the vulnerabilities of the people and
society to these hazards
• Monitoring and Warning Service-a technical capacity to monitor hazard warning signs, to
forecast the hazard evolution, and to issue warnings
• Dissemination and Communication-the spread of understandable warnings, and prior
preparedness information, to those at risk
• Response capability-knowledge, plans and capacities for timely and appropriate action by
authorities and those at risk
•
• What is meant by the cost-benefit analysis of Early Warning Systems? Analyzing
the amount you will spend versus the benefit of having the system
MILLENNIUM GOALS
• Explain the purpose and reasoning behind the UN’s
Millennium Goals. Measure Progress to ensure elimination
of extreme poverty
• List and explain what the (8) Millennium Goals are.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality rate
Improve maternal health care
Combat HIV / AIDs, malaria, and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development
FOR FINAL EXAMS:
*Bring a couple of pens/pencils!*
• 6th- Wednesday
• 7th-Wednesday
• 3rd-Thursday
• 5th-Thursday
SEMESTER II EXAM
• Take out your pencil(s)
• Put EVERYTHING else away and on the floor
WHEN YOU ARE DONE…
• You MAY:
• Work on other homework or study guides, study for other tests, sit
quietly, sleep at your desk
• You MAY NOT:
• Listen to iPods (until EVERYONE is done)
• Have out your phone or text (AT ALL even when everyone is done)
• Other students are taking tests! Leave them alone!