From Friends to Enemies Study Guide
Name: ___________________ Pd: ____
North America 1754/Mercantilism (Page 1 in the notebook)

According to the idea of mercantilism, why were the American colonies important to
England?
The American colonies provided England with raw materials and natural resources.
England would get wealthy from the colonies because it can produce finished goods
from the raw materials and natural resources and sell these goods to the American
colonies.

What is a monopoly? Give an example of a monopoly during colonial times.
Total control of the market for a certain product where there are no competitors. The
East India Company is an example of this because they were the only legal seller of
team in the colonies.
Trouble on the Frontier (Page 3 in the notebook) and
French and Indian War: Filling in the Gaps (Page 4 in the notebook)

What purpose does building a fort serve in the 1760’s?
Military bases that were built to protect the colonies from the enemy and to trade with
natives.

What is the purpose of forming alliances with a group or another country?
Two or more groups joining together to form a partnership against other countries or
groups. (Example: Both the French and English created alliances with the various
native tribes to gain man power but also knowledge of the frontier).

What main issue started the French and Indian War in North America?
The Virginia militia and British army tried to get the French away from the three rivers
area around Pittsburgh because the British believed that they had the territorial rights
to that area.


What did they call Pittsburgh when the French owned that area? Fort Duquesne
How did George Washington get involved in French and Indian War?
He tried to get the French to leave the area around Pittsburgh. He lost the battle at
Fort Necessity. Led a retreat after a failed attempt to overtake Fort Duquesne.

What fighting strategy did the French and Natives use against the British at the start
of the war? Guerilla Warfare/Sneak attacks/Fighting behind trees
Written Document Analysis Worksheet: When King George Speaks(P.5 binder)
 What were a positive and a negative result of the French and Indian War?
Positive (+): More land for England in North America. France losing power and territory.
Negative (-): Soldiers lives lost; Huge War Debt; the possibility of England losing her colonies.

Why does the king think that the colonists must pay the war debt?
The British soldiers came and protected the American colonies from the French and
natives. England paid a majority of the costs for this war in the colonies. The king felt
that the colonists should help pay for this war since they have a lot of wealth in the
colonies.

Are the king and Parliament right to tax the colonists to pay off the war debt?
Explain!
Yes – The colonists must pay off the war debt since England did send soldiers and paid
huge amounts of money to protect the “ungrateful” and “uncooperative” colonists that
benefited through trading with the enemy.
No – No taxation without representation. The colonies did not have any
representation or voice in Parliament about these taxes.
The Colonies Must Pay!!! (Page 6 in your notebook binder)

Give an example of the Quartering Act. (Think of the “John and Mary’s Unwanted Visitors”)
Soldiers taking over John and Mary’s home while forcing them to sleep in one room.
The soldiers could take your food and animals if they wished.

Why did the British create these acts?
To help pay off the war debt caused by the French and Indian War.
Note: Please make sure you know what the purpose was for the Proclamation Line

Explain why boycotting something is effective? What did they boycott back then?
It’s when a large group of people refuse to buy goods from a specific business or
supplier. The business starts to lose money as the result of the protest and makes the
changes that will satisfy the boycotters. Stamps, Tea, British made goods were all
boycotted.

Why did people protest the British government?
They taxed the colonists without them having a voice in Parliament. The colonists
could not have a say in how much they were taxed – No taxation without
representation.
 Do you feel that the colonists were doing right thing by protesting their government?
Yes – The British government were treating them like second class citizens and passed taxes and
laws that took away their liberty and freedoms of British citizens without them having a voice.
Protests and violence were the only way that they could voice their disagreements with the
government.
No – The people do not have the right to act as criminals and violently destroy property and threaten
the lives of people that followed the kings orders.
Engraving Questions/Point of View (Page 7 in your notebook binder) and
Rex v. Wemms: Boston Massacre (Page 8 in your notebook binder)

How did Paul Revere’s drawing influence colonists minds?
It made them think that the British soldiers were totally guilty of killing colonists in cold
blood without being provoked. They felt sorry for the “innocent” colonists while
thinking that these occupiers need to pay for their actions.

Anything incorrect about the engraving?
It was night instead of daylight. Does not show the colonists with any type of
weapons or objects to throw. No snow on the ground. The one man dying on the
street should have been a black man instead of a white man. Soldiers were in selfdefense instead of an attacking position.
A Dispute Over Tea (Page 9 in your notebook binder)

Why did the colonists hate the monopoly of the East India Company/Tea Act?
The British government was forcing them to buy the East India Company tea so that
the government could make money on the tax. The colonists did not want to be
forced to buy a tea while paying a tax they did not agree with.

What are the Intolerable Acts? Why were these acts/laws created?
Closed down the port of Boston until the tea was paid for. Did not allow their colonial
government to make laws. Sent in more British soldiers from England. This was in
response to the Boston Tea Party.
Colonial Rebellion (This is page 11 in your notebook binder)

Why did the colonists want to break away from England? (3 reasons)
o Taxing colonies without the colonists having any say.
o More British soldiers occupying the colonies.
o Not allowing the colonies to make their own laws while only allowing them
to trade with England.

What kind of soldiers are in a militia?
A group of volunteer soldiers that protect their communities with their own weapons.
They are not as well trained as British soldiers.

Why did the British win the first battle of the American Revolution at Lexington?
More experience; Used their weapons more effectively; more soldiers; Well trained in
open field battle.
 Why was Paul Revere an important patriot? This patriot rode his horse to Lexington to
warn the colonists that the British soldiers were on their way to arrest patriot leaders.
Patriots vs. Loyalist/Second Continental Congress (Page 12 in your notebook)

What did the Sons of Liberty do? (You may need to read over the “Voices of Loyalist” paper).
They would lead the protests (sometimes violent and life-threatening) against England
in order to protests the acts and laws that the king and Parliament were passing.

Why would a loyalist want to remain part of England instead of gaining independence?
They are wealthy or successful under the kings rule and don’t want to change
anything. They are chosen by the king for government positions. They are slaves that
support the king against the patriots in order to gain freedom.

Why was the Second Continental Congress important towards our Independence from England?
They acted like a temporary government for the colonies. Created their own money.
Raised an army (Colonial/Continental Army). Named George Washington as
commander and chief of the army.

How was George Washington important to the Second Continental Congress and the
American Revolutionary War?
He was the Commander and Chief/General of the Continental Army. Was a delegate
to the Continental Congress.
Independence (Page 13 in your notebook binder)

How is the Declaration of Independence like a break up letter?
This document was the official break up letter between the colonies and England just
like a couple breaking up through a letter.

What were some grievances (complaints) that the Americans had against the King of England?
o No taxation without representation
o No colonial government
o Sending German soldiers to kill colonists (There could be other responses)

Who was the main author of the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson
 Knowing the risks, would you join the independence movement? Explain!
Yes – A chance for liberty and freedom from England. We will be able to create our own government
and laws without England.
No – If this movement towards independence is stopped, anyone involved will be put to death for
treason against England. Life is ok under the protective military service that England provides.
Note: Please make sure you understand the snake political cartoon.