Name__________________________________ Pd____________ Date______________
Mr. Orend Honors Biology
Unit 3: Enzymes Study Guide
1. Chemical Reactions – involve the rearrangement of bonds/atoms
a. Be able to identify products and reactants of a chemical reaction
b. Identify the four types of reactions:
i. Synthesis
ii. Decomposition
iii. Single substitution
iv. Double substitution
2. Energy – What is the definition of energy?
a. What is chemical energy?
b. Through what process do plants store energy?
c. Through what process do other organisms obtain energy?
d. Endergonic vs. Exergonic reactions
i. Understand their definitions
ii. Is energy released or stored?
iii. Identify each using an energy diagram
iv. Give examples of each
e. What is the cell’s supply of energy called?
i. What does it stand for?
ii. How is it structured?
1. Type of macromolecule?
2. 3 parts?
3. Enzymes
a. What are they?
b. How do they affect chemical reactions?
c. What is activation energy?
d. How do enzymes affect activation energy?
e. In what types of reactions are enzymes used?
f. What are they made of?
g. Properties of enzymes
i. Reusable
ii. Specific
h. How does the shape of an enzyme affect it?
i. What is the active site?
j. What is a substrate?
k. How are enzymes named?
l.
Know enzyme examples, the reactions they perform, and where they are found:
i. Lipase
ii. Protease
iii. Amylase
iv. Sucrase
v. Catalase
vi. ATP synthase
vii. Potato Phosphorylase
m. Know the names of, and understand the concept of enzyme models:
i. Lock and Key model
ii. Induced Fit hypothesis
4. Factors that affect Enzyme Activity
a. Environmental Conditions
i. How does temperature affect an enzyme?
1. Know how to determine the optimum temperature of an enzyme.
2. What happens at high temperatures?.... denaturation…. What is it?
ii. How does pH affect enzymes?
1. Know how to determine the optimum pH of an enzyme.
2. Why, chemically, does pH affect enzymes?
iii. Ion concentration
1. Why, chemically, do ions affect enzymes?
2. Know how to determine the optimum ion concentration of an enzyme.
b. Cofactors and Coenzymes – what are they?
i. How do they affect enzyme activity?
ii. What is the difference between a cofactor and a coenzyme?
c. Enzyme inhibitors
i. What is an inhibitor?
ii. What is a competitive inhibitor?
1. How and why does it affect enzyme activity?
2. How might a graph of enzyme activity with a competitive inhibitor look?
3. Why does the graph look this way?
iii. What is a non-competitive inhibitor?
1. How and why does it affect enzyme activity?
2. How might a graph of enzyme activity with a non-competitive inhibitor
look?
3. Why does the graph look this way?
d. How does enzyme concentration affect the rate of a reaction (at maximum substrate
concentration)?
i. Know what a graph of this might look like!
e. How does substrate concentration affect the rate of a reaction?
i. Know what a graph of this might look like!