Practice Test
US History
Unit Seven
• Instructions for Use
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• If you cannot finish the Practice test in one sitting, use the
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Joseph Stalin
was/did NOT
a. Totalitarian
b. Communist
c. launch a massive drive to collectivize agriculture
d. enter into a pact or alliance with Germany in 1936
e. responsible for the execution of millions as he
restructured Soviet society
Benito Mussolini
was/did NOT
a. Fascist
b. Nationalist
c. A militaristic expansionist
d. launch an invasion of Ethiopia
e. support government ownership of property
Adolph Hitler
was/did NOT
a. Nationalist
b. wrote Mein Kampf
c. leader of the National Socialist German
Workers' Party
d. A militaristic expansionist
e. support the Treaty of Versailles
Japan's militarists were/did NOT
a. expansionists
b. launched an invasion of Manchuria
c. forced Japan to become China's ally
d. came to power through acts of aggression
e. pulled Japan out of the League of Nations
Francisco Franco was/did NOT
a. Spanish
b. socialist
c. totalitarian
d. aided by Hitler and Mussolini
e. came to power through a civil war
Which of the following leaders transformed the Soviet
Union from a rural nation into an industrial power?
a. Stalin
b. Hitler
c. Lenin
d. Mussolini
Which of the following correctly matches the
politician with his nation?
a. Austria -- Joseph Stalin
b. Spain -- Francisco Franco
c. Britain -- Charles de Gaulle
d. France -- Neville Chamberlain
Leader of the fascist government in Italy
• Answer
– Benito Mussolini
Leader whose political philosophy was based on
both nationalism and racism
• Answer
– Adolf Hitler
Leader whose totalitarian regime was based on a
communist philosophy
• Answer
– Joseph Stalin
At the end of World War I, many new democracies were
established in Europe. In the years between the two world
wars, what happened to most of these democracies?
a. They thrived.
b. They became Communist.
c. They were torn apart by civil wars.
d. They were replaced by dictatorships.
What caused militarist leaders to gain control of the
Japanese government in the early 1930s?
a. a civil war in Japan
b. Hideki Tojo'sappointment as prime minister
c. U.S. shipments of arms and supplies to China
d. their successful invasion of resource-rich
Manchuria
By signing the Munich Pact, Britain and France agreed to
take this policy toward German aggression.
• Answer
– Appeasement
This British prime minister signed the Munich Pact.
• Answer
– Neville Chamberlain
The result of this led Hitler to call off the invasion
of Britain indefinitely.
• Answer
– Battle of Britain
This German military strategy of "lightning war" was first
used in Poland.
• Answer
– blitzkrieg
In 1938, this country was Germany's first target.
• Answer
– Austria
This nation ceased to exist after it was divided between
Germany and the Soviet Union.
• Answer
– Poland
The terms of surrender forced on this nation included German
occupation of the northern part of the country and the
establishment of a Nazi-controlled puppet government in the
southern part.
• Answer
– France
Which of the following did Winston Churchill
oppose?
a. the Munich Pact
b. the Atlantic Charter
c. the Lend-Lease Act
d. the Treaty of Versailles
Which nation(s) signed a nonaggression pact with Germany
that led to the invasion and division of Poland?
a. Italy
b. Spain
c. Italy and Japan
d. the Soviet Union
In following a policy of appeasement, what did
Britain and France do?
a. declared war on Germany
b. submitted to Hitler's demands
c. entered into a formal defense alliance
d. pressured the United States to enter the war
Leader who made concessions to Hitler in hopes of
ending German aggression
• Answer
– Neville Chamberlain
Country that, with England, declared war on Germany after
the German invasion of Poland
• Answer
– France
Country that was split between Germany and the Soviet
Union near the beginning of the war
• Answer
– Poland
Leader who disapproved of the policy of
appeasement
• Answer
– Winston Churchill
Country that began the war in an alliance with Germany
but ended the war fighting against Germany
• Answer
– Soviet Union
How were Britain and France drawn into war with
Germany?
a. Hitler had taken power in Germany.
b. Germany had attacked Poland.
c. Germany had attacked Czechoslovakia.
d. Germany had pulled out of the League of
Nations.
What happened during the Battle of Britain?
a. Germany joined the Axis powers.
b. Germany engaged in a three-front war.
c. Germany bombed Britain for two months.
d. Germany entered into a nonaggression pact with
Britain.
What is genocide, as practiced by the Nazis?
a. the broadcasting of anti-Semitic ideas
b. the deliberate extermination of a specific group
of people
c. the abuse of a nation's citizens by their own
government
d. the killing of people for the purpose of creating
terror
What is the name of the areas that Jews were
originally relocated to by the Nazis?
a. Slums
b. suburbs
c. ghettos
d. tenements
Which group was not targeted by the Nazis?
a. Jews
b. Gypsies
c. Anglo-Saxons
d. Jehovah's Witnesses
What is the name of the "master race" that Hitler
wanted to preserve?
a. Poles
b. Aryan
c. Slav
d. Freemasons
Which group of people suffered 6 million deaths
during the Holocaust?
a. Nationalists
b. Aryans
c. Facists
d. Jews
After promising his emperor that he would try to maintain
peace, Japanese Prime Minister ___ ordered the Japanese
navy to prepare for attack on the United States.
• Answer
– Hideki Tojo
Germany, Italy, and Japan were called the ___
powers.
• Answer
– Axis
Congress boosted defense spending and created the
first peacetime ___ in U.S. history.
• Answer
– draft
Germany invaded ___ in spite of the peace treaty
signed between the two nations just prior to the
invasion of Poland.
• Answer
– The Soviet Union
Japan took over French military bases in Indochina.
In response, the United States placed a(n) ___ on
Japan.
• Answer
– Trade embargo
Churchill and Roosevelt met secretly aboard the
U.S.S. Augusta. Together, they drafted the ___.
• Answer
– Atlantic Charter
Japan launched a surprise attack on the naval base
at ___.
• Answer
– Pearl Harbor
The actions of which country finally forced
the United States to enter the war?
a. Italy
b. Japan
c. Germany
d. the Soviet Union
Who or what did President Roosevelt describe as
"the rattlesnakes of the Atlantic"?
a. Axis nations and their leaders
b. U.S. Navy ships and their crews
c. German U-boats and their crews
d. Japanese warplanes and their pilots
Which of the following statements most accurately
reflects Roosevelt's feelings toward joining the
war?
a. He agreed with the isolationists and promoted an
isolationist policy.
b. He wanted to help the Allies but had to appease U.S.
citizens who opposed entering the war.
c. He wanted to avoid the war because he did not see it as a
threat to the United States.
d. He did not understand the position of isolationists and was
eager to join the war.
What was the Lend-Lease Act?
a. a statement of war aims compiled by Roosevelt
and Churchill
b. a nonaggression pact between Germany and the
Soviet Union
c. a policy allowing the president to provide arms to
certain foreign countries
d. an order to shoot German U-boats on sight
This is the code name for the atomic bomb
program.
• Answer
– Manhattan Project
This expanded the draft and eventually provided 10
million soldiers.
• Answer
– Selective Service System
This was the method used to decrease the use of
scarce and essential wartime goods.
• Answer
– rationing
This Army Chief of Staff general pushed for the
formation of a Women's Auxiliary Army Corps.
• Answer
– George Marshall
This labor leader strongly encouraged President Roosevelt to
issue an executive order discouraging discrimination in the
workplace.
• Answer
– A. Philip Randolph
This assumed the responsibility for converting
industry from peacetime to wartime production and
distributing raw materials to key industries.
• Answer
– War Production Board and Development
This was responsible for improvements in radar and sonar
and the development of "wonder drugs" such
as penicillin that saved countless lives.
• Answer
– Office of Scientific Research
The problem of ___ was targeted by the Office of
Price Administration.
a. inflation
b. recession
c. depression
d. unemployment
To combat wartime inflation, the U.S.
government did all of the following except
a. raise and extend the income tax.
b. impose wage and price controls.
c. encourage the purchase of war bonds.
d. increase production of consumer goods.
During the war, women in the WAACs
served as
a. fighter pilots and foot soldiers.
b. shipbuilders and waitresses.
c. scientists and factory workers.
d. nurses and radio operators.
He was Roosevelt's vice-president.
• Answer
– Harry S. Truman
This death camp was the first liberated by the
Allies.
• Answer
– Majdanek
This was the code name for the invasion of
Axis-controlled North Africa.
• Answer
– Operation Torch
Convoys, sonar, and radar helped the Allies
to win this battle.
• Answer
– Battle of the Atlantic
General ___ led the Third Army into Paris to
liberate the city from German occupation.
a. George Patton
b. George Marshall
c. Douglas MacArthur
d. Dwight D. Eisenhower
The Battle of the Bulge was significant
because it marked the ___.
a. last German offensive
b. liberation of the death camps
c. Allies' first victory in a land battle
d. Axis powers' first loss in a land battle
The Allied invasion of ___ was given the
code name D-Day.
a. Japan
b. Italy
c. North Africa
d. Nazi-occupied Europe
V-E Day, or May 8, 1945, was the day when
___.
a. the United States entered the war
b. Allied forces invaded France
c. Germany surrendered
d. the Soviets stopped the Germans at the Volga
Germany's goal in the Battle of the Atlantic
was to
a. invade the coast of Great Britain and then take
over the entire country.
b. keep food and war supplies from reaching Great
Britain and the Soviet Union.
c. prevent Allied forces from landing in Normandy
and liberating France.
d. prevent the invasion of North Africa.
The Supreme Commander of U.S. forces in Europe
was
a. George Patton.
b. George Marshall.
c. Douglas MacArthur.
d. Dwight D. Eisenhower.
In the Battle of Stalingrad, all of the following
contributed to the Soviet victory except
a. a brutal winter.
b. a massive Allied invasion.
c. a massive Soviet counterattack.
d. Hitler's refusal to order a German retreat.
When forced to abandon the Philippines, ___ made
the vow, "I shall return."
a. Hideki Tojo
b. Chester Nimitz
c. Douglas MacArthur
d. Franklin D. Roosevelt
What was the Manhattan Project?
a. the plan to crash Japanese suicide planes into
Allied ships
b. the plan to develop the atomic bomb
c. the historic meeting of the "Big Three"
d. the training of the Navajo code talkers
Which nation was defeated at the Battle of Midway
after its plans of an attack were intercepted?
a. the Soviet Union
b. the United States
c. Japan
d. Great Britain
Where did the United States drop the atomic
bomb?
a. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
b. Hiroshima and Okinawa
c. Okinawa and Iwo Jima
d. Iwo Jima and Guadalcanal
Which of the following leaders did not attend
the Yalta Conference?
a. Joseph Stalin
b. Winston Churchill
c. Harry S. Truman
d. Franklin D. Roosevelt
Who were the defendants at the Nuremberg
trials?
a. Soviet occupants of Eastern European countries
b. the developers of the atomic bomb
c. Nazi leaders
d. Japanese war criminals
Truman's aim in deciding to drop the atomic
bomb was to ___.
a. find out how destructive the bomb really was
b. teach Japanese military leaders a lesson
c. end the war and save American lives
d. show how powerful the United States was
The general who led Allied troops in battles on the
islands of Bataan, Leyte, and Iwo Jima was
a. Dwight D. Eisenhower.
b. Chester Nimitz.
c. Charles Brown.
d. Douglas MacArthur.
In deciding to use the atomic bomb against
Japan, President Truman's main goal was to
a. end the war quickly.
b. weaken Japan for a long time.
c. get revenge for Pearl Harbor.
d. save Japanese lives.
To protest discrimination, ___ organized a
march on Washington on July 1, 1941.
a. Franklin D. Roosevelt
b. Harry S. Truman
c. General George Marshall
d. Phillip Randolph
With respect to finding better jobs, the war years
marked a period of ___ for African Americans.
a. decline
b. advance
c. stagnation
d. uncertainty
The GI Bill of Rights made it possible for
a. African Americans to serve in combat positions.
b. soldiers to take short leaves from fighting.
c. veterans to attend college for free.
d. enlisted men to receive officer training.
Roosevelt's decision to remove people of Japanese
ancestry to internment camps was a response to
a. strong anti-Japanese sentiment.
b. verified reports of Japanese Americans acting as
spies.
c. the lack of Japanese Americans serving in the
armed forces.
d. rumors that the Japanese were developing an
atomic bomb.
An example of racial tensions during the war years
is
a. sit-ins in the South staged by CORE.
b. the actions of the Tuskegee Airmen.
c. anti-Mexican demonstrations in Detroit.
d. the "zoot-suit" riots in Los Angeles.
This group consisted of Eastern European nations that were
dominated by the Soviet Union.
• Answer
– Satellite nations
This action provided vital supplies to a region
blockaded by the Soviet Union.
• Answer
– Berlin Airlift
Both the United States and the Soviet Union joined
this organization after World War II.
• Answer
– United Nations
He arranged for about 400 million dollars in aid to
be sent to postwar Turkey and Greece.
• Answer
– Harry S. Truman
This defensive military alliance was the first
military alliance that the United States ever entered
during peacetime.
• Answer
– NATO
This aid program was directed "not against any
country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty,
desperation, and chaos."
• Answer
– Marshall Plan
This term refers to the indirect but hostile conflict
between the United States and the Soviet Union that
began at the end of World War II.
• Answer
– Cold War
He believed that the best way to avoid a third world
war was to create a new world order in which all
nations had the right of self-determination.
• Answer
– Harry S. Truman
In a capitalist system,
a. the state controls economic activity.
b. private citizens control economic activity.
c. elected officials control economic activity.
d. the dictator controls economic activity.
The main goal of the Truman Doctrine was to
a. promote free elections in Europe.
b. restrict the spread of communism.
c. force Germany to pay war reparations.
d. maintain international peace through the UN.
The Soviet blockade of West Berlin was a
response to
a. the Marshall Plan.
b. the formation of NATO.
c. efforts by Western nations to divide Germany.
d. efforts by Western nations to reunify Germany.
Although Mao Zedong won the hearts of the
Chinese peasants, he failed to win American
support because he
a. was corrupt.
b. was a Nationalist.
c. was a Communist.
d. had cooperated with Japan during World War II.
The failure of Chiang Kai-shek's forces in the
Chinese Civil War can largely be blamed on
a. his weak and corrupt leadership.
b. aid given by the United States to the opposition.
c. the U.S. fear and distrust of communism.
d. the U.S. lack of interest in the outcome of the
war.
Who was forced to retreat to Taiwan (Formosa)?
a. the Korean Nationalists
b. the Korean Communists
c. the Chinese Nationalists
d. the Chinese Communists
Of the following participants in the Korean War,
which fought on the side of the Communists?
a. China
b. South Korea
c. the United States
d. the United Nations
General Douglas MacArthur argued that the Korean
War
a. was not a vital American interest.
b. should be limited to Korea.
c. should be extended into a war against China.
d. should be extended into a war against the Soviet
Union.
The ___ were defeated in the civil war in China
despite 2 billion dollars in aid sent to them from the
United States.
a. Nationalists
b. Communists
c. Soviets
d. peasants
The ___ appeared to be winning the Korean
War until China actively entered the conflict.
a. Communists
b. Nationalists
c. South Koreans
d. North Koreans
Between 1944 and 1947, Chinese Nationalists
a. relied heavily on financial aid from the Soviet
Union.
b. ruled in the southern and eastern regions of
China.
c. attracted overwhelming support from the nation's
peasants.
d. were led by Mao Zedong.
The Soviet Union did not vote to defend South
Korea at the UN Security Council because
a. the Soviets were boycotting the UN over the presence of
Taiwan.
b. the Soviets were boycotting the UN over the presence of
Chinese Communists.
c. the Soviets had already sent military aid to South Korea.
d. the Soviets had wanted to remain neutral at the time.
When an armistice was signed ending the
Korean War,
a. North and South Korea were still divided along
the 38th parallel.
b. a communist government was established in
South Korea.
c. communist fears in the United States were lifted.
d. China gained control of the entire peninsula.
___ could only be charged with perjury, not
espionage, because too many years had passed since
the spying had taken place.
• Answer
– Alger Hiss
The ___ decided not to cooperate with the
investigation into whether the American film
industry had been influenced by Communists.
• Answer
– Hollywood Ten
Claiming to be persecuted for being Jewish and
holding radical beliefs, ___ pleaded not guilty to the
crime of espionage.
• Answer
– Ethel & Julius Rosenberg
In pronouncing sentence on ___, Judge Irving Kaufman
declared the crime "worse than murder“ because it had put
"into the hands of the Russians the A-bomb."
• Answer
– Ethel & Julius Rosenberg
In 1947, ___ subpoenaed 43 witnesses from the Hollywood
film industry to give testimony on whether Communists
influenced the American film industry.
• Answer
– HUAC
To label someone's activities as ___ would be to
suggest that the person is making unsupported
accusations.
a. brinkmanship
b. Containment
c. McCarthyism
d. infiltration
Accusations that communism was widely present in
the U.S. government and military were made by
a. Douglas MacArthur.
b. Joseph McCarthy.
c. John Foster Dulles.
d. Alger Hiss.
He led the nation that developed the first hydrogen
bomb.
• Answer
– Dwight D. Eisenhower
The satellite nations were members of this
military alliance.
• Answer
– Warsaw Pact
This group's covert actions helped to topple
governments in Iran and Guatemala.
• Answer
– CIA
He told an aide, "If one of these [U-2's] were lost when we
were engaged in apparently sincere
deliberations, it could...ruin my effectiveness."
• Answer
– Dwight D. Eisenhower
As Secretary of State, he proposed that the United States
declare its intention to use massive retaliation
against any aggression.
• Answer
– John Foster Dulles
This U.S. policy required greater dependence on
nuclear weapons and the airplanes that delivered
them.
• Answer
– Brinkmanship
This U-2 pilot was convicted of espionage after his
plane was shot down and he was forced to
parachute into Soviet-controlled territory.
• Answer
– Francis Gary Powers
The United States responded to fear of Soviet
military action in the Middle East by issuing the
___.
a. Marshall Plan
b. Truman Doctrine
c. Warsaw Pact
d. Eisenhower Doctrine
When the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb,
the United States responded by intensifying efforts
to develop ___.
a. NATO
b. an atomic bomb
c. a space satellite
d. a hydrogen bomb
After the U-2 incident, all of the following
events occurred except
a. the Soviet Union rejected Eisenhower's "open skies"
proposal at Geneva.
b. Khrushchev called off a summit conference on the arms
race.
c. Khrushchev withdrew his invitation for Eisenhower to
visit the Soviet Union.
d. Francis Gary Powers was released from prison after 18
months.
American interest in developing a hydrogen
bomb intensified when
a. the policy of containment failed in China.
b. the Soviet Union launched a space satellite.
c. the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb.
d. the Soviet Union exploded a hydrogen bomb.
One of the benefits that the GI Bill of Rights
offered to returning veterans was ___.
a. counseling
b. low-interest loans
c. free homes
d. government jobs
President Truman threatened to ___ striking
workers to prevent strikes from crippling the nation.
a. arrest
b. Sue
c. draft
d. deport
The Dixiecrats nominated ___ to run for
president in 1948.
a. Harry S. Truman
b. Thomas E. Dewey
c. J. Strom Thurmond
d. Henry A. Wallace
During the 1950s, ___ jobs declined.
a. manufacturing
b. advertising
c. communications
d. service
The vast majority of new homes in the 1950s
were built in the ___ .
a. big cities
b. suburbs
c. small cities
d. rural areas
All of the following were early effects of the
conversion from a wartime to a peacetime economy
except
a. increased unemployment.
b. inflation.
c. the supply of goods exceeding demand.
d. decreased wages.
All of the following contributed to the
economic recovery after the war except
a. consumer demand.
b. labor strikes.
c. the Cold War.
d. the Marshall Plan.
The factor that most contributed to the upset
win of Truman in the 1948 election was
a. his relentless campaign against a "do-nothing"
Congress.
b. the healthy state of the nation's economy.
c. his position on civil rights.
d. support from labor unions.
He developed a vaccine against polio.
• Answer
– Dr. Jonas Salk
McDonald's is one of the earliest examples of this
type of business.
• Answer
– Franchise
This is a marketing strategy in which manufacturers
purposely design products to wear out or become
outdates in a short period of time.
• Answer
– Planned Obsolescence
The height of this unprecedented population
explosion was in 1957.
• Answer
– Baby boom
A ___ is a large corporation that owns a number of
smaller companies.
a. franchise
b. monopoly
c. government agency
d. conglomerate
With more money to spend and an increased
number of products to buy, ___ became an
American way of life.
a. consumerism
b. social conformity
c. planned obsolescence
d. a 40-hour work week
One disadvantage of standardization in American
business was that it
a. led to a lower standard of living.
b. discouraged individuality.
c. lowered profits.
d. was less efficient.
The dramatic increase in car ownership in the 1950s
contributed to all of the following except
a. noise pollution.
b. the Interstate Highway Act.
c. decreased usage of national parks.
d. the widening gap between the middle class and
the poor.
Most Americans in the 1960s relied on ___ as their
primary source of entertainment and information.
a. radio
b. movies
c. telephones
d. television
The expression of nonconformity by ___
developed into the beat movement.
a. college students
b. artists and poets
c. teenagers
d. rock 'n' roll performers
The first politician to skillfully use the new
medium of television was
a. Harry S. Truman.
b. Dwight D. Eisenhower.
c. Richard M. Nixon.
d. Adlai Stevenson.
Criticism of television in the 1950s was
based on
a. its portrayal of an idealized society.
b. weak transmitters.
c. the size of the screen.
d. its black-and-white images.
In the 1950s, both the beat movement and
rock 'n' roll were viewed as forms of
a. harmless entertainment.
b. rebellion.
c. African-American culture.
d. mainstream American values.
The group that benefited most from the
economy and culture of the 1950s was
a. African-American women.
b. African-American men.
c. white women.
d. white men.
The Longoria incident prompted Mexican
Americans to do all of the following except
a. promote political candidates who represented
their interests.
b. organize the G.I. Forum.
c. found the Unity League of California.
d. return to Mexico.