•SQL Server Management
•SQL DDL
•CREATE TABLE
•Constraints
•ALTER TABLE
•DROP TABLE
•The GUI way
Studio
Steen Jensen, autumn 2013
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A lot of the time you will be working in the Query window
Most of the commands can be executed in a graphical way, but start
training typing in the SQL commands
The management studio is huge and a lot of functionality is aimed for
administrators
And now for a live demo!
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SQL stands for Structured Query Language and can be divided into two
groups of commands:
• DDL: Data Definition Language for handling the structure
• DML: Data Manipulation Language for handling the content
In SQL Server Management Studio you will be using a dialect of SQL
called T-SQL (Transact SQL), which is largely compliant with ANSI/ISO
SQL standards
All queries work on objects – a fully qualified object name:
• [ServerName.[DatabaseName.[SchemaName.]]]ObjectName
• A schema can be used for separating database objects into logical
groups – default schema = dbo (= database owner)
• An object name must always be part of a query – the rest are optional
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The command CREATE TABLE is used to create a table and have the
below general structure:
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Identity:
• SQL Server automatically assigns a sequenced number for every
inserted/new row (other DBMS’s calls this “auto_increment”)
• Seed is the start value, and increment how much it should be
increased
Computed columns:
• Used for derived attributes/columns
Column constraints:
• Covered in chapter 6 (e.g. Primary key)
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Selected rules for table & column names:
• Capitalization: start each word with a capital letter (“camel casing”)
• Name length: keep names as short as possible
• Limit abbreviations: only use well-known abbreviations (e.g. “no” )
• Eliminate spacing between words: use camel casing
• Avoid underscore : “tricky” to type, difficult to read (underline)
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The below create command creates a table called Employees
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Different constraints can be added for a table
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Primary key constraints:
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Foreign key constraints:
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Foreign key constraints – self-referencing:
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Unique constraints:
• Often referred as alternate keys
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Check constraints:
• Can make a lot of validation
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Below is a little subset of, what is possible using the check constraint
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Default constraints:
• If a value is supplied in an insert, then no default value will be used
• If no value is supplied in an insert, then the default value will be used
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Continue with your Amazon system and create the necessary tables in
SQL Server Management Studio
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The command ALTER TABLE is used to change an existing table and
have the below general structure:
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The below figure shows two examples of adding new fields/columns to
an existing table:
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The command DROP TABLE is used to delete the structure and the
content of an existing table:
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Instead of typing in SQL commands you can do it in a graphical way
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Try this by following the instructions page 165bot – 170bot
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