Chapter 3
Matter
Section 3.1
Matter
Matter
•
Anything occupying space and having mass.
•
Matter exists in three states.
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Section 3.1
Matter
The Three States of Water
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Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Physical Properties
•
•
The characteristics of matter that can be
changed without changing its composition.
Characteristics that are directly observable.
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Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Chemical Properties
•
•
A substance’s ability to form new substances.
The characteristics that determine how the
composition of matter changes as a result of
contact with other matter or the influence of
energy.
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Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Physical Change
•
Change in the form of a substance, not in its
chemical composition.
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Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Three States of Water
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Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Chemical Change
•
A given substance becomes a new substance
or substances with different properties and
different composition.
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Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Electrolysis of Water
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Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Electrolysis of Water
•
Water decomposes to hydrogen and oxygen
gases.
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Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Concept Check
How many of the following are examples of a
chemical change?




Pulverizing (crushing) rock salt
Burning of wood
Dissolving of sugar in water
Melting a popsicle on a warm summer day
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Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
1. Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical
property.
a. Ethyl alcohol boils at 78oC
b. Sugar ferments to form ethyl alcohol
c. Salt is stable at room temperature, it does not
decompose
d. 36 g of salt will dissolve in 100 g of water
2. Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical
change.
a. Sugar fermenting to form ethyl alcohol
b. Dissolving of sugar in water
c. Iron metal melting
d. Iron combining with oxygen to form rust
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Section 3.3
Elements and Compounds
Element
•
A substance that cannot be broken down into
other substances by chemical methods.
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Section 3.3
Elements and Compounds
Compound
•
A substance composed of a given combination
of elements that can be broken down into those
elements by chemical methods.
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Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
Pure Substances
•
•
Always have the same composition.
Either elements or compounds.
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Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
Mixtures
•
•
Have variable composition.
Can be separated into two or more pure
substances: elements and/or compounds.
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Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
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Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
Homogeneous Mixture
•
•
•
A solution.
Having visibly indistinguishable parts.
Does not vary in composition from one region
to another.
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Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
Heterogeneous Mixture
•
•
Having visibly distinguishable parts.
Contains regions that have different properties
from those of other regions.
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Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
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Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
Concept Check
 Classify each of the following as a pure substance
(compound or element) or mixture (homogeneous or
heterogeneous).
1. Pure water
2. Gasoline
3. Jar of jelly beans
4. Soil
5. Copper metal
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Section 3.5
Separation of Mixtures
•
Mixtures can be separated based on different physical
properties of the components.
Different Physical Property
Technique
Boiling point
Distillation
State of matter
(solid/liquid/gas)
Adherence to a surface
Chromatography
Volatility
Evaporation
Filtration
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Section 3.5
Separation of Mixtures
Distillation of a Solution Consisting of Salt Dissolved in Water
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Section 3.5
Separation of Mixtures
•
No chemical change occurs when salt water is
distilled.
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Section 3.5
Separation of Mixtures
Filtration
•
Separates a liquid
from a solid.
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Section 3.5
Separation of Mixtures
The Organization of Matter
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Section 3.5
Separation of Mixtures
Summary of Topics: Chapter 3
•
•
•
•
•
•
States of matter
Chemical and physical properties and changes
Classification of matter
pure substances (compounds & elements)
mixtures (homogeneous & heterogeneous)
Separation methods
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