Designing and Planning
Technology – Enhanced
Instruction
Chapter 2
Presented by:
Connie Everett 1/22/04
What Is a Learning Environment?
A learning environment as applied
to education: includes all the
conditions, circumstances, and
influences that affect the learner’s
development.
The Learning Environment Affects Teaching
and Learning.
Dunn and Dunn (1992) completed a
extensive research on matching the
physical environment to individual learning
styles.
The learning environment includes the
space and facilities in which instruction
occurs.
To adjust the physical learning space to
maximize its compatibility with learners, it
is important to first carefully identify the
learning styles of the learners.
The Learning Environment continued:
The learning environment includes both
tangible and intangible elements.
It will be necessary to take the time to
create a systematic plan that will ensure
that each step you take, whether adjusting
the physical environment or altering an
instructional component, adds to the
effectiveness of the learning environment.
Using an Instructional Planning
System
Effective instruction is instruction that
has been thoroughly thought out and
articulated by a skillful and creative
educator.
The notion of a carefully planned step
by step process to design, create,
evaluate and revise instruction is
called a systems approach to
instruction.
The Design-Plan-Act
(D-P-A ) SYSTEM
Designing the instruction.
Articulating specific lesson plans
Developing an instructional action
plan.
The Design Phase
Design identifies over-all goals and the
steps to achieve them.
An instructional design model is used to
help educators in the first phase of the
planning system to envision their planned
instruction holistically.
Using such a model as a foundation, you
will ultimately be able to develop an
effective lesson plan and a subsequent
instructional action plan.
DID model steps:
Know the Learners
State your Objectives
Establish the learning environment
Identify teaching & learning strategies
Identify and select technologies
Summative evaluation
Table 2.1 – DID Formative and
Summative Feedback Loops (pg 40)
The Dynamic Instructional Design
Model (DID)
The DID model is a flexible system for designing
instruction.
The DID model includes all of the critical elements
in the design of effective instruction.
The DID model sets up the curricular framework.
Formative feedback occurs while the learning
event is in progress
Summative feedback is feedback that occurs at
the conclusion of the learning event.
Using the DID Model to Plan
Instruction
The model helps you ask yourself the
crucial question that will improve the
quality of the instructional experience
for both you and your students.
Table 2.9 (pg 57) provides a template
with a series of prompts to help you
build your own design.
Using the DID Model to Create
Lesson Plans
The systematic
planning of
instruction remains
the foundation of
effective teaching
and learning.
Lesson Planning
The lesson plan
provides daily
guide for teachers.
It is the lesson plan
that provides a
day-to-day
snapshot of what
will happen in the
classroom.
Lesson Planning continued:
Ready the Learner - Describe how you will
prepare the students for the lesson.
Target Specific Objectives – State the
instructional design objective that will be
addressed by this lesson.
Prepare the Lesson – Describe what you
need to do to prepare for the lesson.
Table 2.10- The lesson planner with
examples.
The Lesson Planner: Practical
Application of the DID Model
The lesson planner is the pragmatic
product of the instructional design
process.
Instructional Action Planning:
The Instructional Action Plan (IAP)
Identifying learner preparation activities
Getting the classroom ready
Teaching-learning activities
Personal prompts
Support technologies
Getting and using feedback
Follow-up activities
Table 2.11 (pg 64)
The Instructional Action Planner
Getting Ready to Teach
Linking Planning, Learning, and
Teaching
Design
Plan
Act
Design-Plan-Act! Completes the
instructional systems cycle.
Design
Instructional design
is the component
of the process that
helps you think
strategically about
the teaching and
learning
experience you are
targeting.
Act
Action planning is
the final step in the
three-part planning
process
Design-Plan-Act!
Completes the
instructional
systems cycle.
Plan
The lesson plan
brings the
instructional design
down to earth.
Linking Planning, Learning, and
Teaching.
Just as you would
carefully plan and
rehearse an important
speech before giving
it, so too must you
carefully plan and
rehearse the important
communication
process that takes
place between teacher
and learner.
Planning for Technology in
Teaching and Learning
All aspects of instruction benefit from
careful planning, but for using
technology in instruction, planning is
especially critical.
A well designed learning event ensures
that the appropriate technology is used.
Teachers must plan for, select, and
effectively use the best technologies to
support teaching and learning.
Key Terms – page 67
Bloom’s taxonomy
Design-plan-act
system (D-P-A)
DID model
Feedback loops
Formative feedback
Instructional action
plan (IAP)
Instructional design
model
Learning environment
Learning strategies
Lesson planner
Media
Methods
Motivators
Pedagogy
Performance
objectives
Preorganizer
Scaffolding
Summative feedback
Systems approach
Teaching strategies
Key Theorists
Benjamin Bloom
Rita and Kenneth
Dunn
Robert Gagne’
The End