Chapter 11
The Nation Grows and
Prospers
1790- 1825
Sections 1 &2
The Industrial Revolution
Americans Move Westward
Objectives

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Identify the Industrial Revolution and its
effects on the United States
Describe early factories with focus on
Lowell, Massachusetts
Describe how settlers traveled west
Explain new developments in transportation
I. The Industrial Revolution
A. New Technology
1. Begins in Britain mid 1700s
2. New machines for textile industry
3. James Hargreaves invented Spinning
jenny – could spin several threads at once
4. Water powered loom – Edmund
Cartwright
5. Produced more cloth in a day than was
possible before
Spinning Jenny
B. The Factory System
1. New inventions required new
systems of production
2. Capitalist- a person who invests in a
business in order to make a profit
3. Factory system- brought workers
and machinery together in one place to
produce goods
Spinning Jenny
Slater’s Mill
II. A Revolution Crosses the Atlantic
A. Slater Breaks the Law
1. British law forbid anyone to take plans for
new machinery out of the country
2. 1789 Slater left Britain
3. Memorized the plans so he wouldn’t get
caught with them
B. The First American Mill
1. 1793 Slater built the first successful textile
mill in the US powered by water
2. Pawtucket, RI
C. Interchangeable parts- all machine
made parts are identical to each other
1. Eli Whitney
2. Earlier, everything made one at a
time
3. Saves time and money
4. Idea spread rapidly
III. Lowell, Massachusetts: A Model
Factory Town
A. Had to produce more goods because of
the blockade of ports during War of 1812
B. The Lowell Mills
1. Francis Cabot Lowell
2. Combine spinning and weaving under
one roof
3. Built a whole town of factories as a
model of efficiency
Lowell and Lowell Girls
C. The Lowell Girls
1. Young women
from nearby farms
2. Most sent
wages home
3. Boarding
houses
4. Rules
5. Independence
IV. Daily Life During the Industrial
Revolution
A. Child Labor
1. As young as seven
2. Not seen as cruel because farm work was just as
hard or harder
3. Child’s wages needed to support the family
B. Long Hours
1. 12 hour days, 6 days a week
2. Conditions better than in Europe
3. As competition increases, owners grew less
interested in welfare of workers
C. Changes in Home Life
1. More family members left home to
earn a living
2. Affected ideas about the role of
women
3. Poor women had to work
V. Growing Cities
A. Many people left farms to work in
factories
B. Urbanization-movement of population
from farms to cities
1. Steady but gradual process
2. Early cities were small but growing
Pros and Cons of Urban Living
C. Hazards
1. Dirt streets turned to mud in rain
2. No sewers, garbage in streets
3. Disease spread easily
D. Attractions
1. Theaters, museums, circuses
2. Latest fashions, shopping
Americans Move
Westward
VI. Traveling West
A. “West” -referred to the lands
between the Appalachians and the
Mississippi River
B. Population of some of 13 colonies
declines as people move west
C. Need to improve transportation to
the west is obvious
D. Western Routes
1. Great Wagon Road through Pennsylvania
2. Wilderness Road south and west by Daniel
Boone’s route, led through Cumberland Gap
3. Flatboats down Ohio River
4. People from GA and SC followed routes to
AL and MS
5. People from NE pushed into NW territory
Flatboats
New States Enter the Union
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E. New States
1792 Kentucky
1796 Tennessee
1803 Ohio
1812 Louisiana
1816 Indiana
1817 Mississippi
1818 Illinois
1819 Alabama
VII. Improvements to Roads
A. Turnpikes and Corduroy
Roads
1. Roads built by private
companies
2. Turnpikes for tolls
3. Lancaster Turnpike the
best of its time, linked
Lancaster and Philadelphia
4.Corduroy roads of logs
5. Covered bridges lasted
longer than plain wood
B. The National Road
1. 1806 Congress sets aside funds
2. Road to run from Cumberland, Maryland to
Wheeling in western VA
3. Work begins 1811 and is completed in 1818
4. Road later extended as needed
VIII. Steam Transport
A. Fitch and Fulton
1. Fitch showed how a steam engine
could power a boat (Constitutional
Convention 1787)
2. Few people used his ferry service
3. Fulton launched a steamboat - the
Clermont on the Hudson River
4. 300 mile trip in 62 hours - record
What would be some of the
advantages of the steamships?
B. The Age of Steamboats
1. Revolutionized travel in the west
2. Gave farmers and merchants a cheap
way to move goods
3. Dangerous at times as sparks can
explode high pressure boilers
IX. The Canal Boom
A. Building the Erie Canal
1. Let farmers ship goods to port of New
York
2. Links Great Lakes with Hudson River
3. DeWitt Clinton, governor of NY,
instrumental in getting it built
4. “Clinton’s Ditch”
The Big Ditch
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
This painting shows the "Seneca
Chief," the flagship of a flotilla making
the maiden voyage down the Erie
Canal. The 363-mile-long, $7 million
canal opened the shortest
thoroughfare between the Atlantic
Coast's factories and the natural
bounty of the Great Lakes, helping to
position New York City as America's
leading metropolis.
The Canal did not greatly affect
business for stagecoach companies,
which were faster, and not limited by
road capacity or ice, but it did
bankrupt the Conestoga wagon freight
carriers. By 1841, however, the
railroads had put stagecoach
companies out of business. The Erie
Canal still operates today.
The Erie Canal

I've got a mule,
Her name is Sal,
Fifteen years on the Erie Canal.
She's a good old worker
And a good old pal,
Fifteen years on the Erie Canal.
We've hauled some barges in our day
Filled with lumber, coal and hay
And ev'ry inch of the way I know
From Albany to Buffalo.
Low Bridge, ev'rybody down,
For it's Low Bridge,
We're coming to a town!
You can always tell your neighbor,
You can always tell your pal,
If you've ever navigated
On the Erie Canal.
Low Bridge, ev'rybody down,
For it's Low Bridge,
We're coming to a town!
You can always tell your neighbor,
You can always tell your pal,
If you've ever navigated
On the Erie Canal.

We better get along
On our way, old gal,
Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal.
Cause you bet your life
I'd never part with Sal,
Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal.
Git up there, mule, here comes a lock,
We'll make Rome 'bout six o'clock.
One more trip and back we'll go
Right back home to Buffalo.
Low Bridge, ev'rybody down,
For it's Low Bridge,
We're coming to a town!
You can always tell your neighbor,
You can always tell your pal,
If you've ever navigated
On the Erie Canal.
Low Bridge, ev'rybody down,
For it's Low Bridge,
We're coming to a town!
You can always tell your neighbor,
You can always tell your pal,
If you've ever navigated
On the Erie Canal.
Chapter 11
The Nation Grows and
Prospers
1790- 1825
Sections 3 & 4
Unity and Division
New Nations in the Americas
Objectives
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Discuss the role played by sectionalism in
the Era of Good Feelings
Explain how the Latin American nations
won independence and became republics
Describe how the United States gained
Florida from Spain
Discuss the purpose of the Monroe
Doctrine
Era of Good Feelings
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James Monroe:
(Republican) easily
won the Presidency
in 1816.
After inauguration, he
toured the country
and was well
received even in New
England.
I. Three Sectional Leaders
A. Calhoun of the South
1. John C. Calhoun
of South Carolina
2. Supported War of
1812 and slavery
3. Opposed policies
that would strengthen
the power of the federal
government
B. Daniel Webster of the
North
1. New Hampshire
2. Most skillful public
speakers
3. Opposed War of
1812 and slavery
4. Wanted
government to take a
larger role in building the
nation’s economy
C. Henry Clay of the
West
1. Leader of War
Hawks in War of 1812
2. VA- KY
3. Favored a more
active role for central
government in
promoting the
country’s growth
National Bank
The National Bank was re-chartered in 1816.
Americans wanted a central bank to loan money.
Flood of British Goods
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After the War of 1812
the American Market
was flooded with
cheaper British
Goods
This threatened the
new Industrial USA.
Congress Passes Protective Tariff
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To even the playing
field with Great
Britain, the US
congress passed the
Protective Tariff.
The American System
D. Sectionalism – loyalty to one’s state or
section rather than to the country as a
whole
E. Internal improvements – improvements
for roads, bridges, and canals
Henry Clay’s American System
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Clay wanted
economic growth for
regions of the
country.
High taxes on
imports= more $ for
north to buy southern
and western goods.
American System: Definition

What is Henry Clay’s American System?
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“the policy of promoting industry in the U.S. by adoption
of a high protective tariff and of developing internal
improvements by the federal government (as advocated
by Henry Clay from 1816 to 1828)”
House Speaker, Henry Clay coined the
term “American System” in 1815, after
President Madison created a plan to unite
the Northern and Southern economies.
North Economy: +/
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Northern Economy: Strengths
1. The north had just experienced an Industrial
Revolution, and was producing manufactured
goods.
2. New methods of transportation that brought
goods to and from the manufacturing north.
3. A new, national currency that enabled the
north to trade with the south and west.
Northern Economy: Weaknesses
1. Poor soil, low crop production, few livestock.
Southern/Western Economy: +/
•
Southern/Western Economy: Strengths
1. Good and rich soil for plantation farming.
2. Increased slavery, increased productivity.
3. Use of the Mississippi River for transportation of
goods between the north and south economies.
Southern/Western Economy: Weaknesses
1. No factories for manufacturing goods.
2. Heavy, intense labor needed to run the
plantations smoothly in the south.
The Supreme Court Expands
Federal Power
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Chief Justice John
Marshall
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Under John Marshall,
the Supreme Court
would increase the
power of the Federal
governement.
McCulloch v. Maryland
In 1819, Maryland levied heavy taxes on a local branch of
the National Bank to make it fail. It was declared
unconstitutional.
Gibbons v. Ogden
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Interstate Trade-trade
between different
states.
This case upheld the
federal governments
right to regulate trade
between states.
New Nations in the
Americas
Revolution in Latin America
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By 1810 the people of
the Spanish
American colonies
were eager for
independence.
Mexican Independence
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1821 Mexican
independence gained.
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The leaders Hidalgo and
Morelos were killed.
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Even creoles-Latin born
people of Spanish
parents, joined the fight
The Liberator
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A Venezuelan creole
Lead attack that
defeated Spanish
forces in 1819
Became President of
Rep. of Great
Columbia-Venezuela,
Columbia, Ecuador,
Panama
Other New Nations
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In 1821 the people of
Central American
formed the United
Provinces of Central
American
Nicaragua, Costa
Rica, El Salvador,
Honduras, and
Guatemala
The US gains Florida
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Since the 1700s
Spain protected
runaway slaves.
Seminole Indians
shared their lands
Andrew Jackson
ordered the fort to be
destroyed.
The US gains Florida
1818 Jackson returns to
FL with 3,000 soldiers
Spain cannot risk war
with U. S,
Spain agreed to give
U. S. Florida in
exchange for 5 million
dollars
The United States Gains Florida
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Adams-Onis Treatyan agreement
between the US and
Spain in which Spain
gave all it claims in
Florida up to the US.
III. Monroe Doctrine - 1832
A. United States would not interfere in the
affairs of European nations or existing
colonies of the European nations
B. European nations are not to attempt to
gain control of the new independent nations
of Latin America
Monroe Doctrine
C. Stated that the U.S. would oppose any attempt
to build new colonies in the Americas
D. Showed that the U.S. is determined to keep
European powers out of the Western Hemisphere
E. England supported Monroe Doctrine with its
navy
F. Has shaped U. S. foreign policy even now