Civil War Battles QuizBowl You-Gotta-Know Dillon Horwitz 2014-2015 Fort Sumter ● April 12, 1861 ● Confederate artillery opened fire on Fort Sumter, located in Charleston Harbor ● Union forces surrendered in under 48 hours (34) ● The North fought for 4 years to take it back ● Start of the Civil War Fort Sumter First Battle of Bull Run ● ● ● ● First major battle July 21, 1861 Union forces attack Confederates Confederate reinforcements arrive and push Union soldiers back ● Union soldiers flee ● Confederate General Thomas Jackson earns the nickname “Stonewall” Jackson First Battle of Bull Run The Battle of Shiloh ● On April 6, 1862, 40,000 Confederate soldiers attacked Union soldiers stationed by the Tennessee River ● Repeated attacks failed to drive the the Union soldiers from their hastily made position, “Hornet’s Nest” ● Artillery helped the Confederates, until Union reinforcements arrived and pushed them back ● Shiloh ended with over 23,000 casualties and was, at the time, the bloodiest battle in American history The Battle of Shiloh Capture of New Orleans ● April 24-25, 1862 ● 43 Union ships under command of Admiral Farragut breach defenses of New Orleans ● Confederate General Lovell withdraws his 3,000 troops without a fight ● On May 1, 15,000 Union troops take control of the city (for the remainder of the war) ● Considered one of the worst Confederate losses in the western theater of the war Capture of New Orleans The Battle of Antietam ● Forces under command of McClellan attack Lee’s soldiers in Maryland on September 17, 1862 ● Confederates responded with vicious counterattack ● Second Union assault greatly weakens Lee’s position ● Union forces launch one more attack, and eventually, the Confederates retreated ● Bloodiest day in American military history; gave Lincoln confidence to issue Emancipation Proclamation, and prevented European intervention on behalf of South The Battle of Antietam The Battle of Chancellorsville ● On May 2, 1863, Jackson executed an attack conceived by himself and Lee, using 30,000 troops ● Union forces under the command of General Hooker were stunned ● Confederates mistakenly shot dead Jackson ● On May 3, the Confederates, under Lee, attacked Union forces again, threatening almost all of their flanks ● Chancellorsville is considered to be Lee’s greatest victory of the war The Battle of Chancellorsville The Battle of Gettysburg ● On July 1, 1863, Confederates push back against Union advances ● On July 2, heavy battles ensue at Devil’s Den, Little Round Top, the Wheatfield, Peach Orchard, Culp’s Hill, and Cemetery Hill; Union soldiers hold their defenses ● On July 3, Union forces regain lost ground and repulse Lee’s attack (Pickett’s Charge) on their center ● Lee’s second invasion of the North had failed, and there were roughly 51,000 casualties The Battle of Gettysburg Vicksburg ● In May and June of 1863, Union General Ulysses Grant’s armies laid siege to Vicksburg, trapping Confederate army General John Pemberton’s forces ● On July 4, Vicksburg surrendered ● This effectively split the Confederacy in two, and boosted Grant’s reputation Vicksburg Atlanta Campaign ● Union General William Sherman led 60,000 troops on a 285-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia ● Lasted from November 15 to December 21, 1864 ● The purpose of the “March to the Sea” was to weaken Southern morale ● Sherman employed “Total War” tactics Atlanta Campaign Surrender at Appomattox ● Lee led his forces to Appomattox County, Virginia, on April 8, 1865 ● Union forces surrounded the Confederates at Appomattox Court House ● Lee’s forces tried to escape, but they were held back by Union soldiers ● On April 9, Lee surrendered his troops to Grant at McLean House Surrender at Appomattox