Captain Per de la Motte, Director of Training

Industry
COPENHAGEN - AND BEYOND ACHIEVING A GLOBAL APPROACH TO REDUCING
AVIATION EMISSIONS At Greener Skies 2009 aviation leaders will outline their visionary plans to make aviation greener as they seek a rightful place among industry equals at the world most important climate change forum.
Aviation is responsible for
2% of man-made CO
2 emissions worldwide

Industry
G8 and ICAO policy, 50% CO
2 reduction by 2050
Emissions Trading System (ETS) EU directives are now in place.
Effecting 2700 air carriers flying to and from
Europe
The EU will require details of both Revenue
Tonne Kilometers (RTK) and CO
2 emissions to be kept by all carriers.

Carbon Footprint

Why is lowering of CO2 relevant?
• ETS will be in effect in Europe as of Jan 1 st 2012.
• Virtually all airlines flying to, from and within the EU are affected.
• The monitoring will start in 2010.
• Emissions and tonne-kilometres are monitored.

For the Airline:
• Environmental issues affecting all airlines – (Branding)
• Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) is coming
• Fuel cost savings – with training program, it will
• strengthened the airlines saving potential

Why is fuel saving important?
• Fuel costs contributes to a significant amount of airline operating costs, approximately 25-35 %.
• The airline can market is self as a “green airline”.
• There is a big demand from society to be as environmental efficient as possible

What is the potential in an efficient fuel conservation program
Fuel saving or Fuel conservation means managing the operation and conditions of an aircraft to minimise the fuel used on every flight!
How much is a 1 % reduction in fuel worth?
Aircraft type
Boeing 777
Boeing 767
Boeing 747
Boeing 737
Fuel savings
[litres]
€ savings CO
2 reduction [kg]
265000-340000 106000-136000 669900-859900
113000-151000
380000-510000
57000-95000
45200-60400
152000-204000
22800-38000
Assumed value of 0,4 €/litre, ρ = 0,8 kg/l
285700-381700
960600-1289300
144100-240200

Fuel costs for an scheduled European operator per aircraft
Assumptions:
• an average flight burn of 3500 kg, flight time ≈ 1:10
• fuel price 0,7 €/kg,
• daily departures/aircraft = 6
Savings on burn/leg kg JET-A1 kg CO
2
Annual fuel savings kg/aircraft
Annual Cost savings €/aircraft
1 %
35
111
2 %
70
221
3 %
105
332
4 %
140
442
5 %
175
553
76 650 153 300 229 950 306 600 383 250
53 655 107 310 160 965 214 620 268 275

What is the potential in EPT Training & Fuel Saving
Summary:
The potential for the company is to save 3-5 % on their annual fuel costs, in addition, less engine wear will be achieved, which is a significant saver as well.

What can we do Now
Before the introduction of new technology, there is significant
Eco improvements Airlines can do with today's technology by introducing fuel saving initiatives in their daily operation.

Strengthening Fuel Saving Behaviour

Why Eco Pilot Training?
An important piece in the Airlines fuel saving strategy

Target customers:
• Smaller and medium sized Operators
• Training must be flexible due very different level of maturity among the Airlines fuel conservation programs
• Fuel cost today per A/C and year:
”Charter” 8-10 M Euro
”Scheduled” 5-8 M Euro

Training program

Phase 1 commitment
Management Commitment…
“Plan for Success”
Key players…
CEO, DFO and Chief pilots
Time frame…
1-3 days with OAA consultants and lecture basis

Phase 1
Briefing
Executive Management decision
Top priority… Fuel saving
Flight Operations
A review of ALL Operating Procedure
Review ALL fuel critical areas
Training of employees
Change of culture

Phase 1
Training
• The challenge is to convince all flight crew member that a change in behaviour might be or is needed.
• The aviation business is generally “conservative”, and changes are sometimes met with scepticism.
• Many flight crew members operate and plan their operation like they always have.
to

Phase 2
Course summary “Green Module”
• Flight crew awareness of how to operate the aircraft more fuel efficient
• Lower the operating costs of the airline, more profit to the airline and secure long-term success of the company
• More environmental friendly operation

Phase 2
Ground School
Relevant theory will be covered
• Economical facts (and ETS if applicable)
• Environmental facts
• Aircraft performance & aerodynamics
• Engine deterioration
• Active flight planning

Phase 2
Flight Training
Two simulator sessions
• Focusing on a fuel efficient operation during different LOFT sessions
• How to conduct a more fuel efficient flight operation
• Convince pilots that efficient flying can make a difference

Phase 3
Consultation and follow up performed 3 times in the first year
Since all customers will require a unique solution in phase 3, a very flexible solution will most likely be tailored in each particular case.

Phase 3
Summary of the activities in Phase 3
• To ensure that the airline continue to work with the program in a day-to-day operations and are informing involved personnel about the results.
• To monitor the progress of the program, with regard to specific Key
Performance Indicators and solve any issues that might need further clarification.
• External operational expertise is offered via Parc Aviation on demand for line training, line checks etc.

The “Good example”
Some airlines have focused on these important issues in the last 2-3 years.
In general, they have had some fuel saving campaign running, affecting the whole company.
One European operator among others reports an improved fuel efficiency of 4%, an North American operator reports an improved fuel efficiency of 5%.

The “Good example”
A flight from Stockholm to Berlin with a Twin jet operation, with a fuel burn of 3500 kg, some examples of fuel savings initiatives
(hard):
Five minutes less APU usage
Single engine taxiing for 10 minutes
Take-off with packs off
Acceleration altitude 800 ft instead of 1500 ft
Optimum speed with a lowered Cost Index
Landing with partial flap setting
Idle reverse on landing
Engine wash program
Weight reduction 500 kg (fuel or equipment)
Removal of external dirt accumulation
233 kg (6,6% of the fuel burn)
11 kg
58 kg
3 kg
24 kg
50 kg
8 kg
15 kg
20 kg
15 kg
29 kg

…the Good example (soft):
An active flight crew chasing 1 min of short cuts
Flying optimum altitudes at all times
Always enter winds aloft in FMS/FMGS
A Continuous Descent Approach (CDA)
45 kg
66 kg
45 kg
50 kg
Σ206 kg (5.9% of burn)
Total “hard+soft” = 439 kg (12.5%) of burn
Conclusion: Every kilo counts on every flight…..

Generic business case
• Charter Operator (small) with 10 A320
• Estimate 6 crew per A/C = 60 crew
• Yearly fuel cost 8 x 10M€ = € M80
Savings potentional 4-6% = € M 3-5/ year
Extra direct mandatory investment needed for the Operator on market price should give a Return of investment of less than 12 months

So, we do not only train pilots but: active Fuel Managers