Chapter 7

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1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus)
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2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus)
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3. spiral – spirilla
(singular spirillum)

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Cytoplasm
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Cell membrane
 cell wall
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1 circular chromosome
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Plasmid (smaller piece of DNA)
 ribosomes

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capsule – thick sticky gel –like layer around outside of cell wall
Protects bacteria from destruction by other cells
Help it to stick to surfaces
Slime layer – helps bacteria to stick to surfaces
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Reduces water loss

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Flagella – help them to move

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Found everywhere on earth
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Smaller than plant and animal cells
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One-celled organism
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Grow alone or in groups or chains

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Sexual
reproduction – conjugation
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Requires a joining of cells to exchange genetic material
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Draw this diagram

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Asexual - binary fission
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Splitting in two

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Producers
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Autotrophs
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Make own food – contain chlorophyll

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Consumers – eat other organisms
Heterotrophs
Consumers –
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Decompose dead or decaying matter
Parasites
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Live off living organisms and absorb nutrition from hosts.
E. coli

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Aerobic – bacteria that need oxygen to live
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Anaerobic – bacteria that do not need oxygen to live

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Found in extreme conditions
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Salty - halophites
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Boiling hotthermophites
 acidic
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Methane producers
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Muddy swamps
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Intestines of cattle
Us

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Pneumonia bacteria

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Eubacteria -
cyanobacteria – blue green bacteria
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Make own food
O
2 waste
Red, black, or yellow
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Importance;
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Make Oxygen for organisms that live in water
Used as food source

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Eubacteria
Autotrophs
Cyano – blue/green bacteria
- yellow, red and black
Single celled
Colonies – chains or filaments
Reproduce – fission
Used as food by fish

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Disadvantages:
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Bloom – mat of bubbly green slime on water
Resources used up and bacterial die
Consumer bacteria feed on it and use up oxygen.
Organisms that live in water die

Anabaena
Nostoc
Gloeocapsa
Page 191
Numbers;
1,2,3,5,6
On loose leaf to be handed in
Oscillatoria

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Beneficial bacteria
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Saprophyte – organism that uses dead material as food and energy
Digest dead organisms
Recycle nutrients
Used to make cheese, sauerkraut, vinegar,medications

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Beneficial bacteria
Nodules – found on plants that contain nitrogen fixing bacteria
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- legumes
Ex. Peanuts, peas, soybeans
Take nitrogen from air for plants to use
In return plant gives bacteria sugar.
Helps fertilize soil
Helps other organisms to produce protein
Mutualism – organisms help each other to live

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Pathogen – any organism that produces disease
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Ex: anthrax in cattle
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Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough
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Antibiotic – substance produced by one organism that inhibits or kills another organism
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Ex. Penicillin, prevents bacteria from making cell walls. W/o cannot survive

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Made from damaged particles from bacteria’s cell walls, or killed or weakened bacteria cells.
When injected the white blood cells recognize that bacteria and attack it.

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Produced by pathogens
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Poisons
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Ex. Botulism – food poisoning
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- can cause paralysis and death
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Clostridium botulumum

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Endospores – thick walled structure around bacteria to protect them from heat or dryness
- can exist for years until right conditions for growth
- some anaerobic and grow in cans

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1. Copy of chromosome
2. Cell membrane pinches off copy
3. Mother cell swallows daughter cell. Now, two membranes layers surround daughter cell
4. Thick wall/spore coat is made
5. Tough outer coating made
6. Mother cell withers away.
7. Spore made.

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Process of heating food to a temperature that kills harmful bacteria

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Page 191
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Self Check
1,2,3,4,5
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Applying Math 1
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Page 205
Applying Math
29 and 30
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A. Draw and label this bacterial cell.
2
3
5
4
7
6 B
What shape bacteria?