DOCSIS 3.0 Overview
SCTE Presentation
John J. Downey
Cisco Systems – BNE
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Agenda
 Motivation - Why DOCSIS 3.0?
 DOCSIS 3.0 Features Overview
 DOCSIS 3.0 and M-CMTS Comparisons
 Bandwidth Management
 Migration Strategy
 DOCSIS 3.0 Status
 Potential Issues
 Summary
 Case Studies/ Architecture Ideas
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Motivation - Why
DOCSIS 3.0?
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Growing Services Consuming HFC
Spectrum
 More HD Video Services
– Growth plans to 100+ HD channels
 More SD Video Content
– Expansion to nx100 SD chs to compete w/ satellite
 Personalized Video Services
– Migration from Broadcast to Unicast services
– VoD, Startover, MyPrimetime, etc
 Broadband Internet Services Growth
– Migration from Web to Web2.0, Video Streaming and
P2PTV Applications
– Increased per home BW consumption
– Expansion of the peak hour to whole evening
 Competitive pressure!
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Spectral Solutions Being Investigated &
Deployed
 Use every channel available
 SDV
 Narrowcast QAM injection
 Node splits
 Analog reclamation
 1 GHz upgrade
 Traffic “grooming”
 MPEG-4
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Overall Industry Objectives
DOCSIS 3.0
 Goal:
– More aggregate speed
– More per-CM speed
– Enable New Services
 Components:
–
–
–
–
Channel Bonding
IPv6
Multicast
AES
M-CMTS
 Goal:
– Increase Scalability
– Reduce Cost
 Components:
– Low Cost E-QAM
– CMTS Core Processing
• Better stat muxing with bigger “pipe”
• Offer >37 Mbps for single CM
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DOCSIS 3.0 Features
Overview
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DOCSIS 3.0 Features
• MAC Layer
• Network Management
– Downstream Channel Bonding
– Upstream Channel Bonding
• Network Layer
– IPv6 support
– IP Multicast (IGMPv3/MLDv2,
SSM, QoS)
• Security
– Certificate Revocation
Management
– Runtime SW / Config validation
– Enhanced Traffic Encryption
(AES)
– Certificate Convergence
– Early Authentication &
Encryption
– TFTP Proxy
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– Diagnostic Log (Flaplist)
– Extension of Internet Protocol
Data Records (IPDR) usage
– Capacity management
– Enhanced signal quality
monitoring
• Physical Layer
– Switch-able 5-42 MHz, 5-65 MHz,
or 5-85 MHz US band
– S-CDMA active code selection
with new Logical channel
• Commercial Services
– T1/E1 Circuit Emulation support
8
Channel Bonding
 In a nutshell, channel bonding means data is
transmitted to or from CMs using multiple individual
RF channels instead of just one channel
 Channels aren't physically bonded into a gigantic
digitally modulated signal; bonding is logical
With DOCSIS 1.x & 2.0, data is
transmitted to modems using one channel
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With DOCSIS 3.0, data is transmitted to
modems using multiple channels
9
DOCSIS 3.0 Registration Diagram
SYNC, UCD, MAP messages
WCM acquires QAM/FEC
lock of DOCSIS DS channel
MDD message
WCM performs usual US
channel selection, but does
not start initial ranging
B-INIT-RNG-REQ message
WCM performs bonded
service group selection, and
indicates via initial ranging
Usual DOCSIS initial ranging sequence
DHCP DISCOVER packet
DHCP OFFER packet
DHCP REQUEST packet
WCM transitions to ranging
station maintenance as
usual
DHCP RESPONSE packet
TOD Request/Response messages
TFTP Request/Response messages
REG-REQ message
WCM provides Rx-Chan(s)-Prof
REG-RSP message
WCM receives Rx-Chan(s)-Config
REG-ACK message
WCM confirms all Rx Channels
Usual BPI init. If configured
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DOCSIS 3.0 - DS
Channel Bonding
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Downstream Bonding - Features
 Packet bonding of a minimum of 4 channels
– Delivers in excess of 150 Mbps
 Non-disruptive technology
– Seamless migration from DOCSIS 1.x/2.0
– M-CMTS and high density I-CMTS cards
– EQAMs
 New hardware required for scalability and cost
reduction
 New CM silicon required
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Downstream Bonding Service Drivers
 Competition against FTTH
– Deliver 100 Mbps
 High BW residential data
 IP Video over DOCSIS(VDOC)
– High definition Video to multiple devices
• PCs, hybrid STBs, portable devices
– High BW Internet streaming
 Video conferencing
– TelePresence
 Commercial service
– High BW data services
– Bonded T1
– High BW Ethernet/L2VPN service
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Reasons to Develop DRFI Beyond D2.0 RFI
 Required to specify a multi-channel environment
– DOCSIS 2.0 and lower was only single carrier
 Cleaned up inaccuracies in 2.0 and lower
 Basic idea was no need for external combiner,
laser loading concerns and cost reduction?
 Criteria was 60 dB CNR assuming a worse case
lineup
 Applies only to 3.0 CMTS or any multi-carrier DS
connector (e-qam)
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Single Carrier DRFI
•
•
•
•
•
Annex A & B
Variable Depth Interleaver
HRC, IRC, STD
64 & 256 QAM
Inband Spurious, Distortion and Noise MER
Unequalized MER >35dB, Equalized MER >43dB
• Inband Spurious and Noise ≤-48dBc
Spurious and noise within ±50 kHz of the carrier is excluded.
dBmV
• Phase Noise (single carrier)
1 kHz - 10 kHz: -33dBc double sided noise power
10 kHz - 50 kHz: -51dBc double sided noise power
50 kHz - 3 MHz: -51dBc double sided noise power
N=1 : 60
• Output Return Loss
1
>14 dB within an active output channel from 88 MHz to 750 MHz
>13 dB within an active output channel from 750 MHz to 870 MHz
>12 dB in every inactive channel from 54 MHz to 870 MHz
>10 dB in every inactive channel from 870 MHz to 1002 MHz
• Power per channel +/- 2dB
• Diagnostic Carrier Suppression ≥50dB
Center Frequency
MUST 91 <-> 867 MHz
MAY 57 <-> 999 MHz
Channel BW
6©MHz
& 8 MHz
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• MUST be F Connector.
• DRFI compliance testing conducted at room temp
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Power Output for Multiple Carriers per RF Spigot
N
N=n : 60-ceil[3.6*log2(n)] dBmV
dBmV
N=1 : 60
N=2 : 56
N=3 : 54
N=4 : 52
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1
1 2
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dBmV
1
60
2
56
3
54
4
52
8
49
16
45
32
42
1 2 3 4
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DOCSIS 3.0 - US
Channel Bonding
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Upstream Bonding - Features
 Packet Striping of a minimum of 4 channels
– Delivers in excess of 50 Mbps
 AES and scalability require hardware upgrade
 New CM silicon required
 Phased and seamless technology migration
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Upstream Bonding Service Drivers
 Competition against FTTH
– Deliver 20+ Mbps
 High BW residential data
 User generated content
– Video and photo uploads
– Proliferation of social sites
 Video conferencing
– TelePresence
 Commercial service
– High BW symmetrical data services
– Bonded T1
– High BW Ethernet/L2VPN service
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D2.0 is Still not Used
 27.2 Mbps total aggregate speed
 Achieved 18 Mbps for single CM on US
– Fragmentation and concatenation with a huge max burst
 Linerate possible of ~ 27 Mbps
 Make sure 1.0 CMs, which can’t fragment, have a
max burst < 2000 B
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DOCSIS 1.1 Phy Change (PRE-EQ)
 US EQ is supported on all cards for 1.0 & 1.1
– 8-tap blind equalizer
 1.1 allows 'pre-eq' where EQ coefficients are sent
during IM & SM allowing CM to pre-distort its signal
 Supported on all linecards & IOS that support 1.1
– Requires 1.1 capable CMs, but not .cm file
– Configurable option
 2.0 increases the EQ tap length from 8 to 24
– Supported on U/H cards in ATDMA & mixed mode
– Off by default
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Upstream Adaptive Equalization Example
Upstream 6.4 MHz bandwidth 64-QAM signal
Before adaptive equalization:
Substantial in-channel tilt caused
correctable FEC errors to increment
at a rate of about 7000 errored
codewords per second (232 bytes per
codeword). The CMTS’s reported
upstream MER (SNR) was 23 dB.
After adaptive equalization:
DOCSIS 2.0’s 24-tap adaptive
equalization—actually pre-equalization in
the modem—was able to compensate for
nearly all of the in-channel tilt (with no
change in digital channel power). The
result: No correctable or uncorrectable
FEC errors and the CMTS’s reported
upstream MER (SNR) increased to ~36 dB.
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DOCSIS 3.0 and MCMTS Comparisons
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DOCSIS 3.0 Migration: M-CMTS
Current CMTS
DOCSIS 2.0 US
HFC
DS Bonding and
Existing DOCSIS
1.x/2.0 CMs
Edge QAMs
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M-CMTS Network Topology
DTI Clock
Card
Bonding
Port
DTI Server
L1/L2/L3 CIN
DS 4
DS 3
DS 2
EQAM
CMTS
DS 1
Legacy
DS
US 1
CM 1
Legacy CM
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CM 2
3-Ch CM
doing
2-Ch Bonding
CM 3
Legacy CM
CM 4
3-Ch Bonding
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M-CMTS
M-CMTS
Network
Side
Interface
(NSI)
Wide Area
Network
DOCSIS
Timing
Interface (DTI)
M-CMTS
Core
Operations
Support
System
DOCSIS
Timing Server
Operations
Support Systems
Interface (OSSI)
Downstream
External-Phy
Interface
(DEPI)
Cable Modem
to CPE
Interface
(CMCI)
Downstream
RF Interface
(DRFI)
EQAM
Hybrid Fiber-Coax
Network (HFC)
Cable
Modem
(CM)
Customer
Premises
Equipment
(CPE)
Upstream
Receiver
Edge Resource
Management
Interfaces
(ERMI)
•
•
•
•
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Radio Frequency
Interface
(RFI)
Edge
Resource
Manager
Key DOCSIS 3.0 enabling technology
DS scalability of DOCSIS 1.x/2.0
Easy migration to DOCSIS 3.0 DS channel bonding
Enables service convergence and QAM sharing (Video and Data)
• Creates efficiency in CAPEX/service
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DOCSIS 3.0: M-CMTS
CMTS Core
DOCSIS 3.0 Bonded US
HFC
Supports DS
Bonding and Existing
DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 CMs
Edge QAMs
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DOCSIS 3.0: I-CMTS
High Density Linecards
I-CMTS
DOCSIS 3.0 Bonded US
HFC
DOCSIS 3.0 Bonded DS
Supports DS
Bonding and Existing
DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 CMs
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Spectrum Example
Frequency
dsf3
e0c (P)
e1c (P)
e2c (P)
e3c (P)
e4c (P)
e0b (P)
e1b (P)
e2b (P)
e3b (P)
e4b (P)
dsf1
e0a (P)
e1a (P)
e2a (P)
e3a (P)
e4a (P)
dsf0
ds0 (P)
ds1 (P)
ds2 (P)
ds3 (P)
ds4 (P)
4X4
MAC
Domain
4X4
MAC
Domain
4X4
MAC
Domain
4X4
MAC
Domain
4X4
MAC
Domain
dsf2
MCMTS
EQAM
MC520
Bonded Channels
usf1
us1
us3
us5
us7
us9
us11
us13
us15
us17
us19
ATDMA @ 25 Mbps
usf0
us0
us2
us4
us6
us8
us10
us12
us14
us16
us18
TDMA @10 Mbps
FN3
FN4
FN5
FN6
FN7
FN8
FN9
FN10
FN1
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FN2
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Bandwidth Management
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Bandwidth Management Solutions
 SDV
– Offer more HD and SD content using less total RF
spectrum with the same STB
– Only transmit the content being actively watched
– Could make more QAMs available for DOCSIS and
VOD if QAM sharing is implemented
 Node splits
– Physically reduce the homes passed per HFC node,
thus reduce contention per home for Unicast services
– Decombine more attractive
– Triggers additional QAMs and CMTS Ports
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Bandwidth Management Solutions (cont)
 Traffic “Grooming”
 MPEG-4
 Broadcast to narrowcast QAM injection
– Reduce broadcast domains to smaller DOCSIS & video service groups
– Ultimately a complete Unicast lineup on a per node basis
 Analog reclamation for more digital spectrum
– More QAM channels for Digital Broadcast, VoD, SDV and DOCSIS
 Use every channel available
– Manage the channel lineup, fill in the gaps, mitigate noise to enable all
spectrum
 1GHz upgrade
– Make new spectrum for new CPE above 860 MHz
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1 GHz Upgrade
1GHz Bandwidth
Enhancement &
Segmentation
• Network Impact
• <= 750 MHz of BW may not be
enough
• Node splitting & SDV alone do
not solve HFC BW problem
• 1 GHz BW upgrade required
• 1GHz Network Benefits
• Value added capacity
• 60 analog 6 MHz chs gained
• Minimal cost per home
passed cost to implement
• Electronic-only drop-ins in
most cases
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1 GHz is a cost-effective tool to
increase broadcast and
narrowcast BW
34
Migration Strategy
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DOCSIS 3.0 Migration Steps - Phased
Approach for Improved Time-to-Market
 Downstream Bonding
 IPV6
 Upstream Bonding
 Multicast QoS
 AES
 IPDR
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Initial Migration Goal
 Deliver very high speed data service
– Deliver 100+ Mbps DS
– Deliver 50+ Mbps US
 Reduction of node split cost
– Multiple DSs per node
• M-CMTS or I-CMTS load balancing
– Multiple USs per node
• Leverage existing ports and deploy 2.0 USs
 BW flexibility & reduction of CMTS port cost
– Break DS/US dependence i.e. independent scalability of US and DS
– Reduce cost of DS ports by more than 1/10
– Reduce CMTS port/subscriber cost by 30-50%
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Migration Strategy
 Target CMTS upgrades in high priority markets
– FiOS & U-Verse competitive markets
– High growth & demographics
– Markets with capacity issues
– Your node 
 Add more DS QAMs per service group and load
balancing
– Via I-CMTS and M-CMTS
– Current 1x4 mac domain leaves US stranded
– Increase capacity to existing 1.x/2.0 modem
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Migration Strategy (cont)
 Deliver targeted bonded DS chs to DOCSIS 3.0
CMs
 Video and data convergence
– Video and DOCSIS service group alignment
– DSG & Tru2way will leverage DOCSIS DS BW
 Share & leverage existing assets
– UEQAMs for VoD, SDV and DOCSIS
– UERM to enable QAM sharing
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DOCSIS 3.0 Status
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DOCSIS 3.0 Status
 CMTS can be submitted for Bronze, Silver, or Full
 Cablelabs
– Qualified 3 CMTS vendors for Bronze for CW56
– CW 58 currently underway and will conclude with results
in early May 2008
 CMs are only allowed to go for "Full 3.0 Certification"
– No 3.0 CMs have been certified by CableLabs
 Only silicon that exists to build a FULL capable 3.0 CPE is
the Texas Instruments PUMA5 chip
– PUMA5 is chip used in most vendor CMs going through CableLabs
CW-58 testing
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DOCSIS 3.0 Status
 Broadcom is working on a competing chip for 3.0
CPE but it is not available yet
 DPC3000 in CW-58 certification for Full 3.0
– Plan is to ship in volume by June 2008
 Operators
– Working on models to determine QAM requirements
– Testing pre and DOCSIS 3.0 compliant DS Bonding
– Testing IPV6 in labs
– Developing management tools and provisioning
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Three Reference Designs
 Broadcom's 3381 3-ch/tuner
– SA DPC2505....,
– DPC2100 locks only 6 MHz channels
– EPC2100 locks 8 MHz or 6 MHz channels
 TI Puma3 based
– Linksys WCM300 with 2 tuners, 6 & 50 MHz passband
 TI Puma5 3.0 based
– SA DPC3000 w/ 4-ch US & DS bonding, 60 MHz
passband for annex B and 64 MHz for annex A
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Potential Issues
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Design Rules and Restrictions
 SA 3 ch CM needs all 3 DS on e-qam for 111 Mbps
– Can do annex B on control channel & 2 annex A chs to get
~95 Mbps, but requires 6+8+8 MHz of BW
 SA 4 ch CM has 96 MHz passband filter
 Linksys CM has 2 tuners, 1 for control & 1 w/ 50 MHz band
– Starts at lowest freq configured
 D3.0 spec goes to 1050 MHz, but some equipment may not
– SA DPC2505 speced to 930 MHz
 Can e-qam put out 2 or 4 “haystacks” per port?
– What if it is annex A at 8 MHz ch width?
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DS Ports with Edge-QAM for DS Bonding
MC5x20
1x8
DS4
U0/C0
U1/C2
U2/C4
U3/C6
U4/C8
U5/C10
1x3
DSs 0-3 = 603 MHz
DS 4 = 609 MHz
Edge1 = 615 MHz
Edge2 = 621 MHz
DS0
U0/C0
U1/C2
U2/C16
Potential Isolation Path
1x3 DS1
DS Combiner
U0/C4
U1/C6
U2/C17
DS Splitter
1x3 DS2
DS Tx
U0/C8
U1/C10
U2/C18
Requires:
• 4 DS freqs
• 3 US freqs in each node
U6/C12
1x3 DS3
U7/C14
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U0/C12
U1/C14
U2/C19
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 How to deal with freq
stacked DSs if not using
them all?
46
Harmonic “dsync” Timing Adjustment Background
 To support advanced DCC initialization
techniques (2 and >), difference between CM
timing offset on old ch and new ch need to be < ~
+/- 6 timing offset units
 Harmonic EQAM introduces SYNC timestamp
delay which needs to be manually adjusted on
per QAM basis using “dsync” command
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Summary
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New Technology Cornerstones
 DOCSIS 3.0 - channel bonding for higher capacity
–Enable faster HSD service
–MxN mac domains now
–Enable video over IP solutions
 M-CMTS
–Lower cost downstream PHY
–De-couple DS and US ports
 I-CMTS
–Allows higher capacity in same box
–Same wiring
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DOCSIS 3.0/M-CMTS Concluding Remarks
 Promises ten times BW at fraction of cost
 Introduce new HSD service of 50 to 75 Mbps
 Widespread deployment of DS Bonding in 2008
 Backward compatible with existing DOCSIS standards
 Allows migration of existing customers to higher tier and
DOCSIS 3.0 capability
 Allows more BW for legacy DOCSIS 2.0 CM
 Allows for a phased deployment
 IPV6, US bonding, and other features will follow
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Case Studies/
Architecture Ideas
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Case Study 1
DOCSIS 3.0 Primary
Load Balancing Group
Upstream Frequencies
Downstream Frequencies
DF1
DF2
DF3
DF4
D
2
D
3
D
5
Presentation_ID
D
2
D
3
UF 3
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
Fiber Node b
FNb
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
Fiber Node c
FNc
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
Fiber Node d
FNd
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
Fiber Node e
FNd
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
Fiber Node a
FNa
UF 4
DOCSIS 2.0
D
4
D
5
D
1
UF 2
DF5
D
5
D
1
UF 1
DOCSIS 3.0 Non Primary
D
4
D
5
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Case Study 2
Load Balancing Group
Upstream Frequencies
Downstream Frequencies
DF1
D
1
DF2
DF3
D
2
D
3
DF4
D
4
Presentation_ID
D
2
D
3
D
4
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UF2
UF3
UF4
Fiber Node a
FNa
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
Fiber Node b
FNb
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
Fiber Node c
FNc
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
Fiber Node d
FNd
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
Fiber Node e
FNd
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
D
5
D
5
D
1
UF 1
DF5
D
5
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Case Study 3
Bonding Group
For DOCSIS 3.0
Requires 8*6 = 48
e-qam per 10K
Load Balancing Group
For DOCSIS 2.0
.
Downstream Frequencies
DF1
DF2
D
1
DF3
D
2
D
3
Requires 2*8 = 16
e-qam connectors
from NSG9000
DF4
D
4
DS0
Upstream Frequencies
UF1
DF5
UF2
UF3
UF4
Fiber Node a
FNa
C0
C1
C4
C5
Fiber Node b
FNb
C2
C3
C6
C7
Fiber Node c
FNc
C8
C9
C10
C11
Fiber Node d
FNd
C12
C13
C16
C17
Fiber Node e
FNd
C14
C15
C18
C19
D
5
DS1
Only used
for bonding
on Node C
DS2
D
5
Blocks of 3 QAM
4th QAM optional
If 4th qam enabled,
can serve 6, 5x20
linecards (30 nodes)
Presentation_ID
D
1
D
2
D
3
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
DS4
DS3
D
4
D
5
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Case Study 4
Bonding Group
For DOCSIS 3.0
Requires 8*6 = 48
e-qam per 10K
Load Balancing Group
For DOCSIS 2.0
Downstream Frequencies
DF1
D
1
DF2
DF3
D
2
D
3
Requires 2*8 = 16
e-qam connectors
from NSG9000
DF4
D
4
DS0
Upstream Frequencies
UF 1
DF5
UF2
UF3
UF4
Fiber Node a
FNa
C0
C1
C4
C5
Fiber Node b
FNb
C2
C3
C6
C7
Fiber Node c
FNc
C8
C9
C10
C11
Fiber Node d
FNd
C12
C13
C16
C17
Fiber Node e
FNd
C14
C15
C18
C19
D
5
DS1
Low usage DS
DS2
D
5
Blocks of 3 QAM
4th QAM optional
If 4th qam enabled,
can serve 6, 5x20
linecards (30 nodes)
Presentation_ID
D
1
D
2
D
3
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
DS4
DS3
D
4
D
5
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Common Option
Frequency
• 4 DS freqs
• 2 US freqs
• 2 SPAs
• 3 e-qam chassis
• 5, 2x4 domains + 2
 Pros
–
–
–
–
–
–
B
WB
f1
609
P
P
603
P
P
PP
P
P
P
P
5x20
DSs
P
3.2 MHz 31
TDMA
6.4 MHz 24
ATDMA
FN1
FN2
FN3
FN4
2 bonding freqs / e-qam connector
Can offer 75 Mbps service
Plenty of growth in e-qam chassis
Spare slot can be used for N+1 or 3G40
Legacy = 2 DS/2 nodes & 2 US/1 node
68 nodes covered = ~ 7 linecards
Presentation_ID
SPA
DSs
f2
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Cisco Confidential
FN5
FN6
 Cons
FN7
FN8
FN9
FN10
– 41 e-qam connectors = 48 chs
– Only 1 Primary freq / e-qam connector
– Last DS on 7th card has no extra
primary ch
56
Common Option Wiring
Slot 8/0
24 & 31 MHz
6.4 & 3.2 MHz
Slot 4/0/0
HH GigE
US0
Node 1
Slot 5/0
US2
PRE2
Slot 3/0/0
HH GigE
Node 2
1
x
2
US4
US6
Node 3
Upstream
US8
1
x
2
US10
Node 4
US12
Slot 2
WB SPA
Node 5
US14
Node 6
US18
Node 7
Downstream
PRE2
Slot 1
WB SPA
1
x
2
US16
DS0
603 MHz
DS1
603 MHz
DS2
603 MHz
DS3
603 MHz
DS4
603 MHz
8x1
1
x
2
8x1
8x1
8x1
Node 9
8x1
Combined with Slot 8/1 RF
Combined with Slot 7/1 RF
Combined with Slot 6/1 RF
eQAM
1
x
2
1x8
Combined with Slot 5/0 RF
Combined with Slot 7/0 RF
Combined with Slot 6/0 RF
609, 615 MHz
Combined with Slot 8/0/0; 621 MHz
Combined with Slot 8/0/1
Combined with Slot 8/0/2
Combined with Slot 8/0/3
Combined with Slot 8/0/4
eQAM
Node 8
Node 10
May require special
isolation amp
Slot 8/0
Slot 8/1
Slot 7/0
Slot 7/1
Slot 6/0
Slot 6/1
eQAM
Slot 5/0
Presentation_ID
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Presentation_ID
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