• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Old forms and new forms will be discussed in detail later
• Usually though instrumentals will have four movements
• (1. FAST 2. Slow 3. Dance-related 4. FAST)
• Classical movements will contrast more vividly than Baroque

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Sonata Form
• Form of a single movement in larger work
• Not the type of piece
• 3 main sections plus a CODA
• EXPOSTION
• DEVELOPMENT
• RECAPITULATION
• CODA

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Sonata Form
• EXPOSTION
• 1 st theme
• bridge or transition
• 2 nd theme in new key

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Sonata Form
•
•
•

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Sonata Form
• RECAPITULATION
• 1 st theme in tonic key
• bridge or transition
• 2 nd theme in tonic key
• CODA
• strong ending of the piece

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Sonata Form
• 3 main sections plus a CODA
• EXPOSTION
• DEVELOPMENT
• RECAPITULATION
• CODA
• LISTENING JOURNAL
• MOZART Symphony No. 40
• 1 st Movement in Sonata Form

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Theme & Variations
• Can be independent piece
• Can be 1 movement of larger piece
• 1 theme repeated over & over
• Varied every time
• ( A, A’, A’’, A’’’, ect…)

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Theme & Variations
• Can be original theme or borrowed
• Each section will have melodic theme variation
• Can also vary in mood , color, rhythm, ect…
• LISTENING JOURNAL
• Haydn Symphony No. 94
• SURPRISE SYMPHONY
• 2 nd movement

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Minuet and Trio
• Often used as a 3 rd movement in symphony or larger piece
• Originated as a dance piece (minuet)
• Dignified & Stately
• In Classical, not for dancing but listening

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Minuet and Trio (form)
• MINUET
• a (repeated) ba’ (repeated)
•
• TRIO (quieter played originally as three instruments only)
• c(repeated) dc’(repeated)
•
• MINUET
• aba’ (no repeat)

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Minuet and Trio
• LISTENING JOURNAL
• MOZART
• Serenade
• Elne Klieine Nachtmusik
• Translation=night music
• (3rd movement)

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Classical Chamber Music
• Designed for intimate setting in a room of home or palace not for a public concert hall
• Performed by 2 to 9 musicians
• Lighter in sound meant for playing with friends of after dinner social music
• No conductor needed meant to be fun for the performer and the listener

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Classical Chamber Music
• String Quartet most important
• (2 violins, viola, Cello)
• Three master all wrote many of these
• Usually consists of four movements
• ( 1 fast 2 slow 3 minuet or scherzo 4 fast )

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Classical Chamber Music
• LISTENING JOURNAL
• BEETHOVEN
• STRING QUARTET in C Minor
• Op. 18 No. 4
• 4 th movement, Allegro
• Rondo form

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Classical Symphony
• Greatest contribution to orchestral music of classical period
• Haydn 104 / Mozart over 40 / Beethoven 9
• Numbers change as to the evolution of the composer to freelance writing from court order pieces
• Haydn composed for employers were Beethoven composed only when inspiration struck

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Classical Symphony
• Symphony is extended ambitious piece
• Can 20 to 45 minutes long
• Typically contains Four movements

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Classical Symphony
• typical flow
• 1. Dramatic fast movement
• (Sonata form)
• 2. Lyrical slow movement
• (Sonata form or Theme & Variations)
• 3. Dance movement
• (Minuet and Trio or Scherzos)
• 4. Heroic fast movement
• (Sonata or Sonata Rondo)

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Classical Symphony
• Each Movement is self contained piece of music
• But relates to the others in some way
• The Symphony’s influence still rules today
• Such as…
• symphonic music
• symphony hall
• symphony orchestra

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• LISTENING JOURNAL
• BEETHOVEN 5 th Symphony
• (1st movement – Sonata form)

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Classical Concerto
• Three movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra
• Combines soloist virtuosity and orchestra’s range
• Balance takes rule as soloist and orchestra are equally important
• Can last 20 to 45 minutes

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Classical Concerto
• H as only three movements
• NO dance like Minuet or Scherzo
• 1 st movement (fast)
• Sometimes has a special unaccompanied showy section for soloist called CADENZA
• At end of cadenza soloist plays long trill followed by a chord that meshes with the reentrance of the orchestra

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Classical Concerto
• Cadenza’s were often improvised by composer
• Who was usually the soloist but ….
• Later they were written out sometimes by other composers…
• i.e. Beethoven wrote cadenzas for Mozart concertos

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Classical Concerto
• 1 st movement
• (Sonata Form (fast) cadenza before coda)
• 2 nd movement
• (slow – can take any form)
• 3 rd movement
• (fast is usually rondo or sonta-rondo)

• CLASSICAL FORMS
• Classical Concerto
• LISTENING JOURNAL
• MOZART
• Piano Concerto NO 23
• Movement #1