Mapping the Earth
Imaginary Lines
• A pattern of
imaginary lines
circle the Earth in
east-west and
north-south
directions. The
intersections of
these imaginary
lines help us to find
places on the
Earth.
Lines of Latitude
• 1. The east-west
lines in the
imaginary grid are
called lines of
latitude.
• Lines of latitude are
called parallels
because they are
always parallel to
each other. These
imaginary lines
measure distance
north and south of
the equator
The Equator
• 3. The equator is an imaginary line that
circles the globe halfway between the North
and South Poles.
Measuring the Earth
• 2. Parallels measure
the distance from
the equator in
degrees. The
symbol for degrees
is a small circle .
Degrees are further
divided into minutes.
The symbol for
minutes is ‘. There
are 60 minutes in a
degree.
For a more precise location latitude and longitude
are measured in minutes and seconds.
• Parallels north
of the equator
are labeled “N.”
. Those south of
the equator are
labeled “S.”
• Lines of latitude
range from 0
degrees for
location on the
equator, to 90
degrees N or 90
degrees S for
locations at the
North and South
Poles.
Major Lines Of Latitude
Lines of Longitude
• 4. The north-south
lines are called
lines of longitude.
Lines of longitude
are called
meridians. These
imaginary lines pass
through the Poles.
5. They measure
distance east and
west of the prime
meridian.
• Meridians west of
the prime
meridian to 180
degrees are
labeled with a
“W”. Those east
of the prime
meridian to 180
degrees are
labeled with an
“E”.
Prime Meridian
6. The prime
meridian
is an imaginary line
that runs through
Greenwich, England.
It represents 0
degrees longitude.
• Lines of longitude range from 0 degrees on the prime
meridian to 180 degrees on a meridian in the mid-Pacific
Ocean.
The farthest west location,
Cape Mulinuu Savaii, Samoa
180 degrees
West longitude
Hemispheres
• 7. The equator divides the globe into two
halves, called hemispheres. The north half
of the equator is the Northern
Hemisphere. The southern half is the
Southern Hemisphere. The prime
meridian divides the world into the Eastern
Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere.
Dividing the Earth
North Pole
• 8. Robert Peary and 9
other men were first to
reach the North Pole on
April 6, 1909. 4 of these
men were Inuit
Eskimos, Ooque ah,
Ootah, Egingwah, and
Seegloo and 1 African
American, Matthew
Henson.
90 degrees
North
latitude
Robert Peary 1856-1920
Had 8
toes
amputated
from
frostbite
Matthew Henson
• Matthew was born of poor
parents in Maryland. When he
was 12 his parents died. He
was sent to learn the trade of
cabin boy. He traveled around
the world eventually meeting
Robert Peary.
• On this last trip to reach the
North Pole, he and Robert
Peary and 8 other men set out
with a team of dogs and sleds.
Robert Peary became ill,
sending Henson on ahead to
scout the area ahead. Later on
it was found to be that Henson
was actually the first to reach
the North Pole, not Peary,
although, Peary received the
credit.
Matthew Henson 1866-1955
Henson
In
later years
• 9. The South Pole was discovered
after the North Pole on December
14,1911 by a Norwegian explorer
named Roald Amundsen. He had
hoped to discover the North Pole,
but when Peary and Henson
arrived first, he decided to head
south.
• On October 19,1911, he set out
with 4 companions, 52 dogs, and 4
sleds.
• He was also the first man to fly
over the South Pole in a dirigible
and the first to reach both the
North and South Poles. He was
also was first to navigate the
Northwest passage in 1903.
• In 1928, he set out to find his
navigator who had been lost
returning from the North Pole. His
plane crashed and the wreckage
never found.
South Pole
90 degrees
South
latitude
Roald Amundsen 1872-1928
Amundsen
At the
South Pole
His boat
The Alaska
Polar Bears checking out a
nuclear submarine
South Pole Today
Penguin island in
Antarctica
A small city
housing
scientists from
all over the world
10. Seven Continents
Can you name them?????
See if you got them right!!!
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Africa
Antarctica
Asia
Australia
North America
South America
Europe
The largest continent is Africa
Olduvai
Gorge
The smallest continent is Australia
11. Major Oceans
The largest ocean is the Pacific
Ocean
The smallest ocean is the Arctic
Ocean
12. Map Terms
Compass Rose
Used to show
direction on
a map
13. Legend or Map Key
Used to give
meaning to symbols
drawn on maps
14. Used to show
distance relationship
on a map
Scale
Different Kinds of Maps
Physical Map
Historical Map
Route Map
Routes of Alexander
The Great’s
Armies