Early 20th Century styles based on SHAPE
and FORM:
Cubism
Futurism
Art Deco
to show the ‘concept’ of an object rather than creating a detail of the
real thing
to show different views of an object at once, emphasizing time, space
& the Machine age
to simplify objects to their most basic, primitive terms
Pablo Picasso
1888-1973
Considered most influential
artist of 20th Century
Blue Period
Rose Period
Analytical Cubism
Synthetic Cubism
Girl Wearing Large Hat
Early Work, 1901.
Lola, the artist’s sister
Early Work, 1901.
Blue Period
(1901-1904)
Moves to Paris in his late teens
Coping with suicide of friend
Paintings were lonely, depressing
Major color was BLUE!
Pablo Picasso,
Blue Nude, 1902.
BLUE PERIOD
Pablo Picasso,
Self Portrait, 1901.
BLUE PERIOD
Pablo Picasso,
Tragedy, 1903.
BLUE PERIOD
Pablo Picasso,
Le Gourmet, 1901.
BLUE PERIOD
Rose Period
(1904-1906)
Much happier art than before
Circus people as subjects
Reds and warmer colors
Pablo Picasso,
Harlequin Family, 1905.
ROSE PERIOD
Pablo Picasso, La Familia de Saltimbanques, 1905.
Pablo Picasso,
Girl With a Goat, 1906.
ROSE PERIOD
Much more abstract than
before…
Pablo Picasso,
Composition with Skull,
1908.
Georges Braque, Musical Instruments, 1908.
Georges Braque, Fruitdish, 1908-09.
Pablo Picasso, Three Musicians, 1921.
Pablo Picasso,
Les Demoiselles
D’Avignon, 1907.
“I paint forms as I
think them, not as I
see them”
Major Influences…
Paul Cezanne
Femme de Vert
(Post-Impressionist)
1909
Major Influences…
African Zimba Mask
Les Demoiselles
d’Avignon, 1907.
Major Influences…
African Zimba Mask
Guernica: Basque capital
April 26, 1937: 1, 654 dead,
889 injured
Analytical Cubism
Little contrast in color
Complex and systematic design
Faceted shapes, translucent divisions
of space
Differing views of the same subject in
the same work
Invented by Picasso and George
Braque- at the same time, but not really
in collaboration
Retains some sort of depth
Pablo Picasso,
Portrait of Vollard, 1910.
ANALYTICAL CUBISM
Pablo Picasso,
Aficionado, 1912.
ANALYTICAL CUBISM
Pablo Picasso,
Glass and Bottle
of Suze, 1912.
SYNTHETIC CUBISM
Synthetic Cubism
Invented by Braque and
Picasso
Puts forms back together after
breaking them apart
“Collage” comes from French
word for “glue”
Foreign materials are pasted
onto the design- makes the
collage look like a real surface
Scraps are changed and
painted on, giving them a
double meaning
George Braque, Gillet, 1914.
New Space Concept - first since Masaccio
Futurism
First announced on Feb. 20, 1909
Newspaper Le Figaro published a
manifesto by the Italian poet and editor
Tommaso Marinetti:
We will fight with all our might the
fanatical, senseless and snobbish
religion of the past, a religion
encouraged by the vicious existence of
museums. We rebel against that
spineless worshiping of old canvases,
old statues and old bric-a-brac, against
everything which is filthy and wormridden and corroded by time. We
consider the habitual contempt for
everything which is young, new and
burning with life to be unjust and even
criminal.
Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of
Continuity in Space, 1913.
To purposely intended to inspire public
anger and amazement, to arouse
controversy, and to attract widespread
attention.
Boccioni, Dynamism of a Cyclist, 1913.
Art Deco
Art Deco was a popular design movement from
1920 until 1939, affecting the decorative arts such
as architecture, interior design, and industrial
design.
This movement was a combination of many
different styles and movements of the early 20th
century, including Constructionism, Cubism,
Modernism, Bauhaus, Art Nouveau, and
Futurism.
Its popularity apexed during the 1920s. Although
many design movements have political or
philosophical roots or intentions, Art Deco was
purely decorative. At the time, this style was seen
as elegant, functional, and ultra modern.
William Van Alen, The Chrysler Building,
1930.
DADA
Started as a reaction to the horrors of WWI
and Nihilism
Began independently in Zurich and NY
French for “hobbyhorse”, but the word itself
had no meaning
Believed that reason and logic had been
responsible for war
Only hope was anarchy, irrationality, and
intuition
Pessimism and disgust of the artists helped
them reject traditionArp pioneered the use of chance in artworkreleassed him from the role of artist
For Dadaists, the idea of chance comes
from the unconsciousness- influenced by
Freud
Jean Arp, Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17.
“We had lost confidence in
our culture. Everything
had to be demolished… At
the Cabaret Voltaire we
began by shocking
common sense, public
opinion, education,
institutions, museums,
good taste, in short, the
whole prevailing order.”
Hannah Hoch, The Pretty Maiden, 1920. DADA
Jean Arp
Mountain, Table, Anchors,
Navel. 1925.
DADA
Marcel Duchamp
Duchamp was the central
figure in NY Dada scene
Exhibited his first “readymade” sculptures - mass
produced common
products “selected” by the
artist
Free from the opinions of
the population- neither
good or bad taste
Forces viewers to see the
“artness” of objects
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1913.
Marcel Duchamp, The
Bride Stripped Bare by Her
Bachelors, Even (The Large
Glass)
1915-23.
DADA
"I am still a victim of chess.
It has all the beauty of art -and much more. It cannot
be commercialized. Chess
is much purer than art in its
social position.“
Marcel Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp
Bicycle Wheel,
1913.
DADA
Marcel Duchamp
Nude Descending a
Staircase,
1912.
In 1919, Duchamp drew a
moustache and goatee, graffitistyle, on a postcard of the Mona
Lisa and added the caption
L.H.O.O.Q. – which, as any
French schoolboy could tell
you, sounds like elle a chaud au
cul (“She’s hot in the ass”). It
quickly became an icon of the
international Dada movement.
Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q., 1919.