Lodi Unified School District
Advanced Placement
Pathways
INTRODUCTION TO
PRE-AP STRATEGIES
1
What is Pre-AP?
Pre-AP is a set of content-specific
strategies designed to:
– Build rigorous curricula
– Promote access to AP for all students
– Introduce skills, concepts, and
assessment methods to prepare
students for success when they take AP
and other challenging courses
2
What is Pre-AP?
(con’t)
– A instructional process to strengthen the
curriculum and increase the academic challenge
for all students
– An inclusive program for encouraging more
students to access higher learning
– A tool for working together in the same
direction
– A new way of thinking and approaching the
classroom
3
Who should be considered
for AP Pathways?
• GATE identified students
• AVID identified students
• Underrepresented student subgroups
• Student/Parent/Guardian
choice/request
• Teacher/Counselor/Administrator
choice/request
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Pre-AP Strategies in Social Science
History (US, European)
Government
Economics
Human Geography
Psychology
a study of change over time
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Pre-AP Strategies in Social Science
(Con’t)
Students should be able to recognize
and understand:
• Cause and effect relationships
• Multiple causations
• Trends, themes, and interactions
• The importance of BOTH change and
continuity is shaping human events
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Pre-AP Strategies for Social Science
Primary Source Analysis Strategies
– APPARTS: Author, Place and time, Prior
Knowledge, Audience, Reason, The main
idea, Significance
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G-Persia
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G—Geographic
P-- Political
E—Economic
R—Religious
S—Social
I—Intellectual
A--Artistic
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C-GRIPES
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C—Cultural
G—Geographic
R—Religious
I—Intellectual
P—Political
E—Economic
S--Social
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SPRITE
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S—SOCIAL
P—Political
R—Religious
I—Intellectual
T—Technological
E—Economic
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SPEC
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S—SOCIAL
P—P0litical
E—Economic
C--Cultural
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SOAPSTone
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S—Speaker
O—Occasion
A—Audience
P—Purpose
S—Subject
T--Tone
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OPTIC
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O—Overview
P—Parts
T—Title
I—Interrelationships
C—draw a Conclusion
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BART
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B—BIAS
A—Attribution
R—Reliability
T--Tone
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Strategies for going from
Main Idea to Details
Big Picture Strategy
Creating Guiding Questions
Working from Essential-Thematic
Questions
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Strategies for going from
Details to Main Idea
1. Conceptual Identifications
2. Using Subheadings
3. Generating main ideas from a
reading
4. Half-page solutions (note-taking
strategy)
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Strategies for
Synthesizing Information
1. Categorization
2. Generalization
3. Evaluation
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Assessment Strategies
1. Multiple Choice—test-taking
strategies
• Tips
2. Designing effective questions
• Improving Student Writing
• Focus on Thesis
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Assessment Strategies
3.
4.
5.
6.
(con’t)
Writing supporting paragraphs
Writing effective conclusions
Construction/use of Rubrics
Frequent and appropriate use
of past AP exams as models
and skill-building strategies
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Pre-AP Mathematics
Pre-AP Strategies in
Mathematics and Statistics
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Pre-Ap Mathematics
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Posing Questions
Reflection
After-class Debriefing
Classroom Illustration(s)
Use of Circular Objects
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Teaching from a Conceptual
“Big Picture” view of
Mathematics
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Identifying and Generating Patterns
What’s the Rule?
Deducing Relationships
Looking below the surface—
Identifying common structures
• Sequencing Problems
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Teaching from a Conceptual “Big
Picture” view of Mathematics (con’t)
• Talking Mathematically—Class
Discussions
• Providing Summaries
• Indicating Agreement
• Retelling Problems
• Assembling Clues
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Math Assessments
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Formative
Summative
Short Answer Tests
Use of past AP Tests
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Pre-AP Science
Pre-AP Strategies in
Science
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Pre-AP Science Strategies
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Individualized Instruction
Electronic Communication
Technology Tools in Education
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Pre-AP Science Strategies
(con’t)
Applying Technology in the Classroom
Observation and Analyses
Small Group Collaborative learning
Multimedia Quizzes/Tests
The Calculator-Computer Connection
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Pre-AP Science Strategies
(con’t)
• Using Computers in the Science
Classroom
Integrating Power point
Concept mapping
Drawing a Concept Map
• Using Spreadsheets to Analyze
Experimental data
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Pre-AP Science Strategies
(con’t)
• Creating a Live Web Page
• Linking the Graphic Calculator to the
Computer
• Use of Scientific and Graphing
Calculators
• Scaffolding Science Lessons/Labs
for various Grade Levels
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Pre-AP Science Strategies
(con’t)
• Improving Reading Comprehension
PACA—Predicting and Confirming
Activity
QAR--Question/Answer
Relationship
K-W-L
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Pre-AP Science Strategies
(con’t)
• I-N-S-E-R-T: Interactive Notation
System for Effective Reading and
Thinking
• Spider (Web) Map
• Continuum Scale (Time Line)
• Series of Events Chain
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Pre- AP Science Strategies
(con’t)
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Fishbone Map
Concept map
Human Interaction Outline
Problem/Solution Outline
Cycle
Use of past AP Exams
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Pre-AP English
English Pre-AP Strategies
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English teachers who utilize Pre-AP
strategies at any grade level must:
• Introduce literary terminology and
definitions.
• Model the application of terminology to
the reading of the work.
• Structure activities to ask students to
explore a work and independently
recognize the elements of style, use of
literary techniques, etc.
34
Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
• Structure close critical reading
experiences
• Select passage from works that illustrate
an author’s style, technique, etc.
• Teach students to write a prose-analysis
essay
• Provide historical background of a work of
literature when necessary.
35
Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
• Levels of Questioning
• SOAPSTone:
S—Subject
O—Occasion
A—Audience
P—Purpose
S—Speaker
T--Tone
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Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
• Literary Analysis Strategies
SIFT—Symbol, Images, Figures of
Speech, Tone and Theme
• Dante’s fourfold Method: Analyzing
Symbol and Allegory
• Aristotelian Theory of Criticism
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Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
LEAD: Analysis of Diction
L—Low or informal diction
E—Elevated language or formal
diction
A—Abstract and concrete diction
D—Denotation and connotation
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Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
• Advanced Syntactical strategies
• Syntax Analysis Worksheet
• Introduction and analysis of
Archetypes
• DIDLS: Diction, Images, Details,
Language, Sentence Structure
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Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
• TP-CASTT:
Title,
Paraphrase,
Connotation,
Attitude,
Shifts
Title (again)
Theme
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Metacognitive Strategies
• Thinking Notes
• Reading Aloud
• Thinking Aloud
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Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
Ladders of Questions
Reading Journals
Reading Strategies
Annotating Texts
Discussion Methods
Fishbowl Discussions
Timed Discussions
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Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
Reading Conferences
Bulletin Board
Threaded Discussions
Literature Circles
Using Graphic Organizers
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Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
• SMELL: Sender-receiver relationship
Message
Emotional strategies
Logical Strategies
Language
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Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
• TWIST: Tone
Word Choice
Imagery and detail
Style
Theme
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Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
• Assessment Strategies
PAMDISS: Writing Strategy—
Purpose, Audience, Mode,
Diction, Images/Concrete
Details, Syntax, Structure
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Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
• Self-Evaluation and Revision: The
Four Bases of Effective Writing
• Peer Editing
• Teacher-Made Scoring Guides and
Rubrics
• Use of AP Exam Student Samples
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Pre-AP English Strategies
(con’t)
• Modification of AP Exam questions to
meet classroom objectives
• Use of Past AP Exams
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