Running Header: Six Flags Crisis Management Plan CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN CREATED BY: ELAYNE GOLDMAN JACQUELINE OCAMPO TAYLER JACKSON CASSIDY OBIS GABRIELLE THOMAS JONATHAN CLODFELTER 1 Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1 Introduction…….... ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Mission and Purpose ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Vulnerability Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 4 i. Likely Scenarios ................................................................................................................................... 4 ii. Unlikely Scenarios ............................................................................................................................. 4 Crisis Management Team .................................................................................................................................. 5 i. Role Descriptions ................................................................................................................................ 5 Key Publics/Stakeholders ................................................................................................................................. 6 Crisis Preparation and Prevention Plan ....................................................................................................... 7 Media Audit ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 General Social Media Strategy ......................................................................................................................... 9 Third Party Supporters/Credible Experts ................................................................................................ 10 Immediate Response Checklist ...................................................................................................................... 11 Communications Channels .............................................................................................................................. 12 Key Messages ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 Press Release Template .................................................................................................................................... 14 Organizational Backgrounder ........................................................................................................................ 15 Media Log Sheet and Crisis Team Contact Sheet ............................................................................. 17-18 Testing/Evaluation of Crisis Plan ................................................................................................................. 19 Part 2 Crisis Response Strategy .................................................................................................................................. 20 Key Messages/Talking Points ........................................................................................................................ 20 Social Media Strategy ........................................................................................................................................ 20 Initial Press Release ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Appendices ............................................................................................................................................................ 22 Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 3 PART ONE: INTRO Six Flags’ Crisis Communication Plan thoroughly outlines the procedures Six Flags must follow in the wake of a crisis. As defined by W. Timothy Coombs in Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing and Responding, a crisis is “the perception of an unpredictable event that threatens important expectancies of stakeholders and can seriously impact an organization’s performance and generate negative outcomes” (2012)1. The Six Flags’ Crisis Management Team’s communication plan is an essential component of the overall recovery process our organization must endure during and after a crisis. The plan will assist our organization to continue to be a leader in the entertainment industry, while simultaneously inspiring children and families through their community outreach programs (i.e. volunteerism, giving programs, special events, and educational and social awareness). Our team recognizes the importance of communication during a crisis. Therefore, the plan devised serves as a guideline to facilitate and ensure that all communication is efficient and effective. MISSON/PURPOSE The Six Flags’ Crisis Management Team’s mission is to provide our stakeholders with an all-encompassing, high standard contingency plan to guarantee their safety, well being, and satisfaction. We pledge to remain honest, transparent, and cooperative with all stakeholders during a crisis to maintain our image as a credible and trust-worthy organization. Our goal is to actively communicate with our publics during a crisis by 1) providing accurate, up-to-date information and 2) promptly responding to any and all questions, concerns, and comments our stakeholders may have. The plan’s purpose is to proactively prepare ahead for any possible crises our organization may face and hopefully reduce the potential damage a crisis can cause. An established, detailed plan will help our organization respond quicker in the event of a crisis. Being prepared will give us an advantage in the situation and will also help lessen some of our stakeholder’s criticisms that may hurt our organization’s image. 1 Coombs, W. T. (2012). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing and responding. (3 ed., p. 2). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 4 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE CRISES (L x OI x SI=CT) i. Likely Scenarios Ride Accidents (9 x 10 x 10= 900) -Someone is injured by the ride (Technical-error product harm) -Someone falls off the ride (Technical-error product harm) -Ride breaks/stops while operating resulting in injury (Technical-error product harm) -Poor maintenance causes ride malfunctions resulting in injury (Human-error product harm) -Employee does not know how to operate ride (Human-error accident) -Hurricane Harbor water accidents (drowning) due to lack of supervision, safety (Human-error accident, Technical-error accidents, Technical-error product harm, Organizational Misdeeds) -Extreme Fright Fest scares could negatively impact stakeholders (shock, heart attack, etc.) (Organizational Misdeeds, Challenges) Mass Food Poisoning (6 x 9 x 9 = 486) -Failure to keep up with food sanitation standards (Human-error product harm, Organization misdeeds) -Intentional poisoning/ food tampering (Malevolence) Employee Discrepancy (8 x 9 x 8 = 576) -Fights between employees could injure innocent bystanders (Workplace violence) -HR hires criminal employees (Organizational misdeeds) -Employee under influence could injure stakeholders (Human-error accidents) -Sex scandals (Rumors) -Employees could violate Fright Fest stipulations (Human-error accidents) Lost child/Kidnapping/Person Missing (8 x 4 x 9 =288) -(Malevolence) Explosion/Fire (7 x 9 x 9 = 576) -A ride explosion (Technical-error accidents, Technical-error product harm, Humanerror accidents, Human-error products harm) -Fire started by on-location restaurant kitchens (Technical-error accidents, Technical-error product harm, Human-error accidents, Human-error product harm) Poor sanitation (8 x 9 x 9 = 648) -In park, restroom facilities, restaurants could result in disease and sickness, influenza, etc. (Organization misdeeds, Human-error accidents) ii. Unlikely scenarios Terrorist attack (5 x 10 x 10= 500) -(Malevolence) Protests (4 x 8 x 6 = 192) -(Challenges, Rumors) Natural disasters (3 x 8 x 9= 216) Biohazard Crisis (2 x 8 x 9 = 144) -Earthquakes, Tornadoes, Floods (Natural Disasters) -(Organizational Misdeeds, Malevolence) Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 5 CRISIS MANAGEMENT TEAM President - Jacqueline Ocampo They will be the spokesperson in the event of a crisis. Being advise by public relations they are the face of the company and will speak to media outlets, public, and stakeholders in times of a crisis. They will also be involved with public relations in sending out message updates on the website and social media. Public Relations –Tayler Jackson The public relations primary job is to maintain the reputation of Six Flags by upholding and preserving relationships with the media to dispatch accurate and timely information during a crisis. They will also be in charge of writing press and news releases, and maintain the website and social media so that it is accurately updated in a timely manner. Human Resources -Cassidy Obis Human Resources will be the primary contact during a crisis involving employees. They will also be responsible for keeping and updating the employee contact list. Engineering - Elayne Goldman During a crisis the Head of Engineering will be responsible for maintaining the integrity of the park. They are also responsible for making sure all roller coasters and amusement rides are up to code and checked on a routine basis. The will also be on call if any ride decides to malfunction. They will work side by side with medical personals to ensure the safety of passengers and the event a ride malfunctions. Legal Advisor - Gabrielle Thomas In the event a crisis takes place the legal advisor will be in charge of any legal questions or disputes that arise during this time. They will also represent and advise employees of Six Flags when any company allegations or legal issues arise. Safety - Jonathon Clodfelter A representative from the safety department will be in charge of making sure all precautions and safety procedures have been taken in times of a crisis. They will be responsible for providing the guidelines that the park and employees must abide by in ensuring the safety of themselves and their guest. Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 6 KEY PUBLICS/STAKEHOLDERS AND THEMES Guest Theme: Safety and Reassurance. Make sure that the guests know that the crisis is being taken care of by sending out press and news releases, and to reassure the guest that he company has always had a clean record and to let them know that there feedback is important in this situation. Investors Theme: Financial. Send out newsletter to investors informing them of the crisis at hand and explaining the steps that they are taking to resolve the crisis. The most important thing is to reassure the investors that their money is not being wasted and to assure them that there financial investment in the company was still a good one. Employees Theme: Job Security Let them know that the situation is being taken care by holding staff meetings updating them on the progress with the crisis. Also explaining to them that they may receive reduced hours because of the crisis and loss of revenue, but reassuring them that once the situation has been dealt with employees regular hours will continue. Vendors that work out of Six Flags Theme: Loss of Revenue. Send out newsletters to vendors informing them of the crisis has taken place and how it has affected everyone in the company. Explain that there may be some losses on those that have Sponsors of Six Flags Theme: Reputation Sponsors are linked to organizations and so during a crisis a newsletter will be sent out to sponsors directly updating them on the crisis at hand by doing being very transparent with sponsors because we know that they are linked to our organization so just being upfront and honest and letting them know we are handling the situation is the most important thing. Local businesses around Six Flags Theme: Loss of Revenue Send out newsletter and directly contact the local media outlets and detailing them on the crisis that is at hand. Explaining to them that this may cause a decrease in traffic around the park and local areas. Keeping them updated is the best way to maintain a good relationship with local businesses. Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 7 PLAN FOR CRISIS PREPARATION AND PREVENTION Preparation: During a Crisis Six Flags will identify its vulnerabilities. For six flags you must ensure the safety of the people in the park and also make sure that all food procedures are followed to not run the risk of contamination that can poison the park guest. In preparing for a crisis you must also assess all the possible crisis type that can take place. Make sure you familiar with possible crisis. Create a Crisis Prevention Team. Make sure is aware of the role they will play in the time of a crisis. Determine the location of the crisis communication center an make sure all personals involved know the location. The last step in preparing for a crisis is to create a crisis management plan specific to Six Flags. Prevention: Environmental scanning will also be a part of crisis preparation. Paying close attention the news and online sources of past crisis that have occurred with Six Flags. They will also pay close attention to social media sites and blog post about complaints and issues that consumers and stakeholder have with Six Flags. Surveys and focus groups will be important in getting the consumers feedback in preventing crisis from happening. From there the information gathered will be analyzed and see if any of it can become a crisis. A threat assessment will be given comparing the likelihood and the impact it will have on Six Flags. We must also take into consideration the impact our stakeholders will have over our organization. Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 8 MEDIA AUDIT The following is a list of what traditional and social media outlets will cover the story in event of a crisis: Traditional Media o Major Newspapers such as the San Antonio Express-News and the Daily Herald Daily Newspapers that circulate near to a Six Flags Park o Community Newspapers o Consumer Magazines such as Consumer Digest and Newsweek o Radio News broadcasts o Radio Talk shows o Broadcast News produced both locally and nationally o Local News broadcasts o Talk shows like Ellen DeGeneres Social Media o Daily Newscasts produced online o Social networking websites like Facebook and Twitter o News and Opinion websites like the Huffington Post o Media Sharing websites like Youtube o Blogs o Microblogs Media Contact Information for National Newspapers Media Outlet San Francisco Chronicle Washington Post New York Times USA Today Wall Street Journal Name/Outlet Leba Hertz Contact Information lhertz@sfchronicle.com David Baker Kenneth Harney Ruth Marcus dbaker@sfchronicle.com domestic.sales@washpost.com domestic.sales@washpost.com nytnews@nytimes.com 703-854-3400 wsjsupport@wsj.com support@wsj.com Print Media Digital Media Six Flags Crisis Management Plan GENERAL MEDIA STRATEGY IN EVENT OF CRISIS Before using Traditional or Social Media o o o o o o While using Social Media o o o o o o o o o o o o o Communicate with spokesperson and identify who will be lead person for communication during and after crisis This person will be the Crisis Leader during and after crisis Prepare a clear, consolidated message Make sure all information is correct Make sure response is in a timely manner in response to crisis Create a schedule for updates and be ready to publish it Log all questions and comments before and during crisis Utilize social media in a timely manner in response to crisis Identify spokesperson or who will be in contact with media for questions Make it clear that employees are not available for questioning Articulate responses so there is no confusion of the crisis or message Leave little or no room for rumor or further problems to occur Keep in mind that the audience you will be speaking to will mostly be victims and families depending on the crisis Apologize for the situation depending on what it is. Sympathy for the customer is always good Avoid language the public will not understand Keep key messages of Six Flags in mind while communicating so that all messages align and confusion is avoided Consolidate message if more than one person is releasing information Always consult with Crisis Leader before releasing information Adapt message to social media outlet Never speculate; be honest Update social media regularly Stick to the schedule for briefings Log all questions and comments during and after crisis Questions that will be asked by the media o o o o o o Number of casualties How crisis happened Full description of crisis Why crisis happened What is being done to help those injured Will there be legal action 9 Six Flags Crisis Management Plan POTENTIAL THIRD PARTY SOURCES/CREDIBLE SOURCES IN THE EVENT OF A CRISIS Engineers, Product Development Experts and Accident Investigation Experts Chief Corporate Engineer, Larry Chickola, P.E. Six Flags Chief Corporate Engineer Richard Dickinson, PH.D., Lead Consultant Kevin Kennedy Associates richardd@kevinkennedyassociates.com Erik Langberg, Lead Consultant Kevin Kennedy Associates ericl@kevinkennedyassociates.com Nelson: Forensics and Consulting 1877-850-8765 expert@nelsonforensics.com 10 Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 11 IMMEDIATE RESPONSE CHECKLIST What happened? How did this happen? Who is involved? When did this happen? What is currently being done? o Have the appropriate (local, state, federal) authorities been alerted? Are they present? o Are all customers accounted for? o Are all staff and personnel accounted for? o Has the phone tree been activated? o Is anyone currently receiving medical treatment? o Is the area secure? o Asses degree of impact o Get in contact with spokesperson or Crisis Leader if they are not already present o Hold a staff meeting o Alert the media if they are not already present Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 12 COMMUNICATION CHANNELS WORKSHEET Name Crisis Leader Park Manager Regional Director National Director Board of Directors Human Resources Legal Counsel Local Medical Facility Local Fire Dept Local Law Enforcement Insurance Company Media Spokesperson Operations Manager Phone Number Alt. Phone Number Email Address Best Way to Contact Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 13 KEY MESSAGES WORKSHEET Scenario: Stakeholder: Concern: KEY MESSAGE 1 Six Flags offers its deepest apologies to our patrons, stakeholders, and anyone who was affected by our crisis. Support Point 1.1 Working on new techniques to eliminate parent’s fear of safety for their children. Support Point 1.2 We promise to correct our mistakes to assure a family-friendly experience that everyone can enjoy. KEY MESSAGE 2 KEY MESSAGE 3 Six Flags has cut ties with the company responsible for employee screening. We value our customers more than anything else, and we wish to continue to provide patrons with a family-friendly, inexpensive experience. Support Point 2.1 Support Point 3.1 Revised human resources policy. Open lines of communication so customers can contact us, tell us about their experiences and what we can do to improve them. Support Point 2.2 Support Point 3.2 Revised employee selection process. Support Point 1.3 Support Point 2.3 Creating techniques to ensure company efficiency for current and future stakeholders. Severed ties with company responsible for the mishap. Will continue to bring patrons old and new an affordable theme park experience. Support Point 3.3 Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 14 PRESS RELEASE TEMPLATE Location, Date 00/00/00 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact Name: ____________________ Contact Phone Number:_____________________ Contact Email Address: ______________________________ Title Introduction to problem in one sentence _____________________________Location of problem___________Date_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Quotes and information________________________________________________________Who was affected ____________________________________What happened___________________________________________________ Why is this important________________________________________________________________________________ Apology statement (if necessary) and resolution__________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Our resolution to the problem and key messages__________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Restatement of apology and resolution of goals: Key Message #1 and Supporting Points Key Message #2 and Supporting Points Key Message #3 and Supporting Points For More information, contact: 924 Avenue J East Grand Prairie, Texas 75050 or 230 Park Avenue, 16th floor New York, NY 10169 Phone Number: (518) 792-3500 Website: https://www.sixflags.com/national/footernav/contact.aspx ### Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 15 Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 16 ORGANIZATIONAL BACKGROUNDER “A proud past, a thrilling future...” Welcoming over 25 million people in 2012 to 18 locations across North America, Six Flags is a nationally recognized amusement park that fuses food, prizes and neverending entertainment into various locations; bestowing families with enjoyable experiences year-round. Mr. Angus Wynne founded six Flags an entrepreneur who dreamed of creating a family entertainment venue that would change the world. Wynne relied on the doings of other entertainment pioneers to bring his vision to life. He studied their business ventures and worked closely with architects and visionaries to help solidify his visualization of the “ultimate amusement park.” Wynne created the Six Flags dynasty with a significant goal in mind – to conjure a new form of family entertainment that was closer to people’s hearts, homes and more affordable for less fortunate families. By combining innovative rides with dazzling themed presentations, Wynne took the basic form of an amusement park and created an extraordinary venue with a plethora of broader themes for visitors to experience. Wynne’s vision of enriching the entertainment experience by utilizing specialized theme designs was the key success factor for the Six Flags Company. In addition, Wynne’s idea allowed the regional amusement park industry to be developed. The first Six Flags Park was opened in Six Flags Over Texas in 1961. The park consisted of six themed sections that were meant to represent the six countries whose flags flew over Texas. The park’s state-of-the-art theming design allowed guest to experience places and times that only existed in their imaginations. Cowboy culture, French and Spanish cultures, southern belles and pirates were some of the selected themes. Currently, Six Flags has become one of the leading amusement park dynasties in the world. The company prides itself on setting a high standard for other parks to follow including innovative themes, safe park rides, and a family-friendly experience at a low cost. With 18 theme, water and zoological parks across North America, the Six Flags Company is in its prime, offering modern-day families the opportunity to visit a one-stop entertainment destination with award-winning thrill rides and water Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 17 attractions and a surplus of themed areas, children’s areas, parades, fire-work displays, restaurants, games and merchandise outlets. An exclusive licensing agreement with DC Comics and the Warner Bros. Corporation allows Six Flags to employ private rights to some of the world’s most cherished cartoon characters and superheroes. From Bugs Bunny and the Looney Tunes to Batman, Robin and Wonder Woman, Six Flags offers our 26 million guests an unforgettable, full character program including characters meet and greets, meals, and photograph and autograph opportunities. Sustaining our spot as the largest regional theme park in the world, Six Flags looks forward to continuing to provide families with unforgettable, diverse entertainment experiences at affordable prices in areas that are close to home and close to the heart. Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 18 MEDIA LOG SHEET Crisis Situation_______________________________________________________________________________ Date____________________ Six Flags Location__________________________________________________ Message for __________________________________________________________________________________ Date/time of call ____________________________________________________________________________ Caller _________________________________________________________________________________________ Phone Number(s) ___________________________________________________________________________ Media outlet/Name _________________________________________________________________________ Return call by/Deadline ____________________________________________________________________ Summary of inquiry _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Who responded to the inquiry? ____________________________________________________________ Date/Time ___________________________________________________________________________________ Summary of response _______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Further action needed? _____________________________________________________________________ Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 19 CRISIS TEAM CONTACT SHEET Mobile Work Home Crisis Leader: Jacqueline Ocampo 17085412769 15556667777 15556667778 Public Relations: Tayler Jackson 17082278295 16667778888 16667778889 Human Resources: Cassidy Obis 18478903672 17778889999 17778889990 Engineering: Elayne Goldman 18478632598 18889990000 18889990001 Legal Advisor: Gabrielle Thomas 17733431476 12223334444 12223334445 Safety: 12177220232 13334445555 13334445556 Jonathon Clodfelter Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 20 TESTING/EVALUATION OF CRISIS PLAN To test and evaluate the crisis plan, the crisis team will stage a crisis one time per quarter. The crisis team will then need to run through its plan, depending on the type of crisis at hand. The crisis team will also evaluate its effort during the “crisis, or actual crisis if one occurs, after the crisis has passed. The team will examine how well the Crisis Management Plan (CMP) was implemented. The first step of the evaluation is data collection. Data needs to be collected from crisis records, feedback, performance measures, comments, and media coverage. Feedback needs to come from all stakeholders, and surveys can be handed out to obtain feedback. Survey questions will include how they were involved in the crisis and how they felt the crisis was handled. The data then needs to be organized for analysis. The crisis team needs to be specific in its organization and be specific in their evaluation. The crisis team will then examine how much damage occurred due to the crisis. The goal is to have the actual crisis damage be less than the anticipated crisis damage. The damage factors include financial, which looks at earnings per share, stock prices, sales, and market share; reputational, which deals with perceptions of the organization; human, which focuses on victims; secondary financial, which includes lawsuits; Internet frames, media frames, and media coverage duration. After all this information is gathered and analyzed, it must be compared to the crisis team’s expectations for if no action had been taken and the crisis team’s objectives. The crisis team must be honest in its evaluation. Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 21 PART TWO: CRISIS RESPONSE STRATEGY Our crisis response strategy will be a combination of an apology, reminding, and ingratiation. We will first begin by apologizing to our stakeholders, which will primarily be our park guests. We want to apologize to them for not following our own HR policies in not allowing people with felonious records to work at our parks. We also want to apologize for the potential danger that could come from those individuals working at our parks. We then want to remind our stakeholders (park guests) that we are still the best family-friendly travel option because we are closer than Disney and more affordable. Finally, we want to praise our stakeholders and make sure they know we value them. We will do this by saying that we appreciate that they choose us as their place to come make family memories. We also want to express that we appreciate their feedback and any concerns they may have about the situation. KEY MESSAGES/TALKING POINTS Key point 1: Six Flags has cut ties with the company responsible for employee screening. Though they were the ones who did not follow our human resources policy, we accept responsibility being that we chose to employ them. Key Point 2: We are deeply sorry to our patrons, stakeholders, and anyone who may have been affected by our crisis. Key Point 3: We value our customers more than anything else, and we wish to continue to provide patrons with a family-friendly, inexpensive experience. Key Point 4: We would like to thank all of our stakeholders for sticking with us through this crisis and hope to continue to provide them with the best experience possible. SOCIAL MEDIA STRATEGY Social Media Strategy: Utilize twitter and Facebook primarily. Use James Reid-Anderson; Chairman, CEO and President of Six Flags as spokes person. Leave little or no room for rumors regarding employees. Respond to all questions regarding the situation. Apologize for the situation and always be sympathetic to the stakeholders. Six Flags Crisis Management Plan 22 PRESS RELEASE New York City, 4/30/13 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact Name: Jonathan M. Clodfelter Contact Phone Number:(518)-792-3500 Contact Email Address: corporategr@sixflags.com Six Flags to reinforce Human Resource policies It has come to Six Flags attention that we have not properly followed our human resources policy. The third-party company we employ to perform background checks for Six Flags employees has been performing incomplete checks. These incomplete checks have led Six Flags to the hiring of multiple employees who do not meet our human resources policy. This breach of policy has created a potential threat for our patrons. Six Flags is currently working to correct their errors and reinforce it’s human resources policy. James Reid-Anderson; Chairman, President and CEO of Six Flags: “Here at Six Flags, we are doing everything in our power to correct this mistake as quickly as possible. We offer our condolences to anyone affected by our oversight. In order to do the proper background checks, we have cut ties with our former employee screening business partner. We have hired highly trained professionals to correct our mistakes and to make sure a situation like this never happens again. We have also opened a phone line for anyone who has seen misconduct from any Six Flags employee and would like to issue a complaint. Six Flags is nothing without its patrons, and we are here to make sure your next trip to one of our many locations is as perfect as possible.” Six Flags offers its deepest apologies to our patrons, stakeholders, and anyone who was affected by our crisis. We understand a parent’s fear of safety for their children, and it horrifies us to think we could have increased that fear. We promise to correct our mistakes to assure a family-friendly experience that everyone can enjoy. Six Flags will continue to bring patrons old and new an affordable theme park experience. Six Flags offers a cheaper alternative to the expensive admissions of Disney parks and Universal Studio. With over a dozen locations, there is a Six Flags for everyone. Six Flags values its customers, and we thank you for your continued support. We encourage our customers to contact us and tell us about their experience and what we can do to improve it. We are eternally grateful to our patrons for picking Six Flags to create great memories. For More information, contact: 924 Avenue J East Grand Prairie, Texas 75050 or 230 Park Avenue, 16th floor New York, NY 10169 Phone Number: (518) 792-3500 Six Flags Crisis Management Plan Website: https://www.sixflags.com/national/footernav/contact.aspx APPENDIX Coombs, W. T. (2012). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing and responding. (3 ed., p. 2). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications 23