Meiosis
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Presented by: Kyle Beers & Annalisa
Hughsam
Introduction to Meiosis
Meiosis is a form of cellular division that sexual reproducing
organisms must be able to correctly perform in order to pass on
their genes. Meiosis involves two successive divisions of a diploid
(2N) eukaryotic cell of a sexually reproducing organism that results
in four haploid (N) progeny cells, each with half of the genetic
material of the original cell.
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Introduction to Meiosis Continued
Through the mechanisms by which paternal and maternal
chromosomes segregate, and the process of crossing-over,
genetic variation is produced in the haploid cells. Meiosis
consists of two successive nuclear divisions, meiosis I and
meiosis II. Each division consists of these stages: prophase,
metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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Introduction Continued
Below is a fun mash-up video about meiosis. It could be an
excellent hook for the students. The pace of the video is
quick so feel free to pause and rewind if necessary.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKf8cJbgbIY&feature=related
Lets start with a quick multiple choice quiz that can be
used to diagnostically assess students.
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/meiosis/problems.h
tml
Ministry Expectations
• Overall Expectations
•
D2. investigate genetic processes, including
those that occur during meiosis
• Specific Expectations
•
D2.1 use appropriate terminology related to
genetic processes
•
D2.2 investigate the process of meiosis,
using a microscope or similar instrument, or
a computer simulation, and draw biological
diagrams to help explain the main phases in
the process
•
D3.1 explain the phases in the process of
meiosis in terms of cell division, the
movement of chromosomes, and crossing
over of genetic material
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Challenges & Misconceptions
Difficulty
Possible Solutions
Students may confuse the different stages of
Use a variety of teaching/learning strategies
so all types of learners are reached. The use
visuals and manipulative are also very
beneficial when trying to teach this concept.
meiosis.
Students may confuse mitosis with meiosis.
A thorough recap of mitosis should be done
before moving forward with meiosis. Since
what happens at each stage is somewhat
similar between mitosis and meiosis it will
remind them of what each stage does. This is
also a good time to discuss WHY we have
both mitosis and meiosis. Be sure to assess if
they can differentiate between the two
concepts. A flowchart comparing the two
process may also help.
Students may confuse terms, such as
chromatid with chromosome, centrosome
with centrioles, and centrosome with
centromere
Provide manipulative that students can use to
construct cells or parts of cells going through
meiosis. This will help them put structure
and function to the terms and understand
how the terms are related to one another.
Lesson 1: Mitosis Review
Lesson
Materials Needed at
Number
Station
and Topic
Lesson #1 Ğ
1. Vocabulary words
Vocabu lary
and definitions on
Game
cue cards
Discussion
2. Computer,
Projector
3. Textbook
Lesson Instructions
Assessment
Mitosis Review
1. This is a short cli p (under 2 mi nutes) that quickly goes through the
stages of meiosis in an amusing way!
http://www. youtube.com/watch?v=mKf8cJbgbIY&feature=re lated
- The video is fast paced so pausing at key parts that you would
like to discuss may be beneficial.
1. Start with a quick multiple choice quiz to diagnostically assess
students. Students wil l use pencil and paper to record their
answers whil e the questions are projected by an LCD projector.
There are 10 problems.
-Correct
matching of
vocabulary
- Speak to
individual
students and
have them
put concepts
in own terms
-Diagnostic
assessment
from video
K/U
http://www. biology.arizona.edu/ce ll _bio/tutorials/meiosis/problems.html
2. Students play memory game in which they match terms to
definitions. Handout provided below. In pairs students take turns
fli pping over two cards. If you have a match (a vocabulary term
with the correct definition), you may remove both cards from the
board. No match; they get fli pped back. Play until all cards are
gone. Student with most pairs wins.
3. As a class discuss why mi tosis is im portant. Could there be other
types of cell division that anim als use? What are they and why are
they needed or useful?
Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKf8cJY&feature=related
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/meiosis/problems.html
Lesson 2: Overview of Meiosis
Lesson #2 Ğ
Video
Concept
Map
- Computer, projector
- Concept map, lined
paper
- Textbook
Overview of Meiosis
1. Play video
A rubric
would be
used to
http://www.su manasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/meiosis.html assess the
2. Do short quiz as class.
students
work based
3. Provide students with concept map of the stages of meiosis. We
on the
used one that has both mitosis and meiosis on it.
achievement
strands.
- http://www.anatomytime.com/2010 /09/meiosis-vs-mitosis.html
4. On a separate piece of paper students must write a description
of what occurs in each stage of meiosis I and II. Some students
may need to use textbook f or reference.
5. Have Students compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis on the
same sheet of paper as their descriptions of the processes. Also,
in a few sentences they must summarize what is the purpose of
mitosis and meiosis and why are they useful? Use examples.
Link- http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/meiosis.html
http://www.anatomytime.com/2010/09/meiosis-vs-mitosis.html
Lesson 3: Genetic Variation
Lesson #3
PowerPoint
- Computer, Projector Genetic Variation
1. View and discuss the PowerPoint
Question Hand out
for students
- www.biology4teachers.com/Cell%20Division/MEIOSIS.ppt
2. Students complete questions. They are provided below.
Link: www.biology4teachers.com/Cell%20Division/MEIOSIS.ppt
Lesson #4 Questions
1.
What is meiosis?
2.
Compare and contrast spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
3.
How many phases are in meiosis? What are they?
4.
Which phase is the longest?
5.
What are tetrads?
Assess
students
responses to
the
questions
- T/I, Com
Lesson 3 Questions Continued
6.
Explain the importance of crossing over.
7.
In terms of independent assortment – how many different combinations of sperm could a
human male produce?
8.
What are 3 sexual sources of genetic variation?
9.
A cell containing 20 chromosomes (diploid) at the beginning of the meiosis would, at its
completion, produce cells containing how many chromosomes?
10. What is karyotype?
11.
Describe what happens during fertilization.
12. A cell containing 40 chromatids at the beginning of meiosis would, at its completion,
produce cells containing how many chromosomes?
Lesson 4: Karyotyping
Lesson
#4
Lab Gizmo
1. Computer
lab
2. Gizmo work
sheet
Karyotyping and Chromosome linked diseases
1. Have students complete the following gizmo in pairs
A rubric
would be
used to
http://www.explorelea rning.com/index.cfm?me thod=cResource.dspDetail&ResourceID=440 assess the
2. Students complete the all of the exercise associated with this Gizmo
students
work based
3. End with a class discussion about various topics discussed in the Gizmo and how it is
on the
related to meiosis
achievement
strands.
Link: http://www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResource.dspDetail&ResourceID=440
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Karyotype images of a
male and female
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Lesson 5: Construction of Meiotic Cells
Lesson #5
Dough
1. Computer
2. Diff erent colours
of plasticine
3. Digital Camera
Construction of Meiotic Cells
1. Watch the video.
- http://ww w.youtube.com/watch?v=GIkGCG24xNM
2. Students work in pairs or groups of 3. They will use plasticine to
construct cell going through the stages of meiosis.
3. Take a picture of each stage with the digital camera.
A rubric
would be
used to
assess the
students
work based
on the
achievement
strands.
Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlkGCG24xNM
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QuickTime™ and a
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Application & Extensions
There are some very important applications of meiosis. Genes
code for everything about us, with saying this, meiosis is a
process in which genes are distributed. Meiosis is really the
first step of embryology, which studies the development before
birth of an organism. Every animal starts out as one cell, an egg
and sperm coming together. From this cell they develop tissues,
and complex organ systems. It may help us understand our
anatomy and why some individuals have disease or disability. It
is the process that ensures no two people are alike. In meiosis,
each a mother and father provide half the genetic material
needed.
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Application & Extensions Continued
An understanding of meiosis is needed to move a
head with genetics and evolution. With a solid
grasp of meiosis students can begin to explore
chromosome trait inheritance and ethics
surrounding such issues. Meiosis has only been
around for 1.2-5 million years so organisms had
to of evolved this type of cell division. Students
could also move on to study how the genes code
for proteins.
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Resources
Annotated References & Internet Addresses
1) Videos
This youtube video quickly introduces the stages of meiosis with a montage of songs in the background.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKf8cJbgbIY&feature=related
This youtube video shows meiosis in stop-motion with playdough.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIkGCG24xNM
2) URLs
This link is The Biology Project at the University of Arizona. It is an interactive resource for learning biology
concepts. At this particular part of the resource, students can take a self-correcting tutorial related to the stages
of meiosis. It has 10 questions.
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/meiosis/problems.html
This link provides a narrated video of meiosis, a step-by-step phase tutorial and a self-correcting quiz.
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/meiosis.html
This link provides a t-chart and labeled diagram that compares and contrasts mitosis and meiosis.
http://www.anatomytime.com/2010/09/meiosis-vs-mitosis.html
This link takes students to a gizmo. Students can sort and pair images of human chromosomes to find out
specific diseases as well as the gender of a patient. There is also a vocabulary page, teacher guide, and
assessment questions.
http://www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResource.dspDetail&ResourceID=440
Resources Continued
3) PowerPoints
This slide show details the stages of meiosis. It introduces and explains important vocabulary and intermittently
posts questions related to the content.
www.biology4teachers.com/Cell%20Division/MEIOSIS.ppt
4) Ministry Documents
This document outlines all curriculum expectations for the topic Meiosis.
http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/secondary/2009science11_12.pdf
5) Textbooks
Dunlop et al. (2011). Biology 11. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson.
This textbook provides a detailed explanation of many concepts meiosis. Through the use of tables, charts,
diagrams and text students are able to explore various concepts such as the stages of mitosis and meiosis,
genetic variation, karyotyping, and chromosome linked diseases.