Biology 30—Midterm Review
Units 1 & 2
Part 1: The Chemical Basis of Life
Outcome 1
1. What is an atom?
2. Explain the structure of an atom?
3. What is an element?
4. What is an isotope?
5. What are ionic bonds?
6. What are covalent bonds?
7. What are reactants?
8. What are products?
9. Define synthesis reactions.
10. Define decomposition reactions. Give an example
11. What are the charges of protons, electrons, and neutrons?
12. What are hydrogen bonds? What is their significance?
13. What happens is an ion gains an electron? Loses an electron?
Outcome 2
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What chemical elements make up amino acids?
List the similarities and differences between fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Label and draw a diagram representing an enzymatic reaction.
What are proteins?
What molecule do two glucose molecules form? What occurs when this happens?
What element must be present in an organic molecule?
What does glucose and fructose combine to form? What is also produced when this
combination occurs?
8. What functions do lipids perform?
9. What is the body’s most important source of energy?
10. What are monosaccharide examples?
11. What are disaccharide examples?
12. What are polysaccharides?
13. What are the building blocks of Triglycerides?
14. What are the building blocks of phospholipids?
15. Why are proteins also called polypeptides?
16. What is the chemical formula of disaccharides?
17. Describe both the structure and function of proteins.
18. How does temperature affect enzyme function?
Outcome 3
1. What does DNA stand for?
2. What does RNA stand for?
3. Where are DNA and mRNA located within the cell?
4. What types of sugar are in a nucleotide of DNA and in a nucleotide of RNA?
5. What is the major function of DNA?
6. What is the major function of mRNA?
7. What the 2 types of RNA?
8. Define replication.
9. What is transcription?
10. Know the steps of replication and how to explain the process.
11. Know the steps of protein synthesis and how to explain the process.
12. What are the names of the nucleic acids found in DNA (know their pairs)?
13. Give the corresponding sequence to the following code on a strand of DNA and mRNA.
ATG GAT CGA
Part 2: Cellular Structure and Function
Outcome 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
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6.
7.
What is the role of the nucleolus?
What are the points to the cell theory?
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What makes up the cell membrane?
What part of a plant cell is green in colour?
What are lysosomes? Golgi bodies? Mitochondria? RER? Centriole? Ribosome?
List the differences between plant and animal cells.
Outcome 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is pinocytosis? Phagocytosis?
What is NADH? What is its role in cellular respiration?
Where does the Kreb cycle occur?
What is a hypertonic salt solution?
What happens during the dark phase of photosynthesis?
6. What are the steps that need to occur for osmosis to take place?
7. What is the difference between ATP and ADP?
8. What is photosynthesis?
9. What is passive transport? Give example.
10. What is photosynthesis? Where does it occur?
11. What are the net ATP, NADH, and FADH production found in cellular respiration?
12. What are the three stages of cellular respiration?
13. What substance acts as the energy source in respiration?
14. Name two processes in the cell that require energy.
15. Explain the difference between active and passive transport. Outline and explain all
types of passive and active transport.
16. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
17. What is concentration gradient?