Research Accomplishments aboard
Human Space Complexes
 History
 Current Status
 Prospects
Soloviev Vladimir Alexeyevich – First Deputy of General Designer at S.P. Korolev
Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, the Roscosmos’s STAC Chair
Scientific Conference at Institute of Space Research of the RAS, April 2015
S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia is a
leading organization of Russia on human space programs
D.I. Kozlov
M.K. Yangel’
G.N. Babakin
M.F. Reshetnyov
S.P. Korolev attached special importance to the human space
exploration program, invariably focusing on its complexity and
high responsibility of spacecraft developers
2
Role of Scientific Research
… One of the most important tasks is implementation of a human flight in
space having research goals. We can use instruments and equipment
aboard robotic stations with a highest level of perfection, but,
nevertheless, nothing can’t substitute a mind of an inquisitive researcher
…
S.P. Korolev
3
Chronology of human spaceflight (USSR, Russia)
1 stage
Accumulation of
knowledge about space
environment,
development of human
space flight engineering
2 stage
Conduct of research in
various scientific areas,
creation of space
vehicle utilization
directions and further
improvement of human
space flight engineering
3 stage
Execution of scientific
research, transition to
practical utilization of
the near-Earth space
Beginning of a permanent habitation phase of the International
Space Station flight
02.11.2000
4
Manned stations in the near-Earth orbit
Salyut-1
0,5 year
Skylab (USA)
6 years
0,6 year
Salyut-3 («Almaz»)
Salyut-4
2 years
1,3 years
5 years
Salyut-5 («Almaz»)
Salyut-6
9 years
Salyut-7
15 years
Mir
16 years
ISS
3 years Tiangon-1 (China)
Effectiveness of scientific research on space stations directly depends on composition of
5
on-board research facilities and duration of their operation
Comparison of human space stations
from the standpoint of research equipment availability
60
55
Research equipment mass, t
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Skylab
Salyut
Salyut-4
Salyut-3
Salyut-6
Salyut-5
Mir
Salyut-7
ISS (2014)
Space stations
The ISS is a indisputable leader as for the research
instruments and facilities accommodation
6
The International Space Station at present
The station mass is more
than 375 tons
The assembly start on 20.11.1998
Planned operation until 2024
7
Unique capabilities of the ISS allow to scientists of over
the world to use it:
 For investigation of prolonged weightlessness impact to a human
organism with the aim of the obtained knowledge application to both the
future space exploration and the Earth’s medicine and human health
promotion
 As a unique laboratory in space, where study of fundamental physical,
chemical and biological processes in conditions of vacuum and absence
of gravity is possible
 As a test-bench for in-flight testing and fine-tuning of new instruments and
methods for observation of Earth and space
 For getting samples of products in orbit, as well as for utilization of
knowledge accumulated at space research in unique environment with the
aim of the Earth’s technologies improvement
8
Crew member’s role in space programs implementation
Basic advantages of human spaceflight over robotic
spacecraft utilization:
 Human acts much more effective than automatic
machinery in off-nominal situations and in hardly
predictable conditions of spaceflight
 Owing to crewmembers’ activity the assembly, repair,
and maintenance of a unique scientific and service
equipment are ensured in flight
 Human in space plays the role of a researcher and a test
pilot, who provides flexibility of research methods
application, execution of research in an interactive mode
 Possibility of experimental methods and procedures
improvement and specification, as well as involvement
of additional resources and means into the research
process directly during spaceflight is provided
9
Crew member’s role in space programs implementation
Some examples of crewmembers’ function uniqueness aboard human space complexes
Mir
ISS
Aboard Mir orbiting complex 5 research facilities of Priroda hardware complex were repaired,
aboard the ISS RS – the Laser communication system, instruments for crew Earth observation, etc.;
during the Space Shuttle program – repair and maintenance of Hubble Space Telescope in the course of
4 human space missions
10
Current status of research on the ISS
(areas and space agencies)
March 2015 – September 2015
ISS-43/44
Space biology and
biotechnology
Earth and space research
100%
90%
80%
70%
Space education
60%
50%
Human in space
Physical and chemical processes
and materials in space conditions
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Technology development and
demonstrations
CSA
5
ESA
26
JAXA
49
NASA
192
Roscosmos
72
Each space agency-partner establishes its own priorities of scientific research
aboard the ISS
In 2015 after start of the year-long flight a number of investigations in the
«Human in space» area is increased
11
Corr.-Member of RAS V.A. Solovyov is the STAC Chairperson
Section 1.
Space biology and
physiology
Section 2.
Space materials science
Section 3.
Study of Earth from Space
Academician Grigoriev А.I.
Corr.-mem. RAS Koval’chuk М.V.
Dr. Sc. Lupyan Е.А.
Section 4.
Solar system
Section 5.
Extra-atmospheric
astronomy
Section 6.
Cosmic rays physics
Corr.-mem. RAS Petrukovich А.А.
Section 7.
Technology development
Academician Mikrin Е.А.
Section 10.
Space education
Corr.-mem.RAS Alifanov О.М.
Corr.-mem. RAS Shustov B.М.
Dr. Sc. Panasyuk М.I.
Section 8.
Prospective technologies
of space exploration
Section 9.
Space power systems
and propulsion systems
Cand. Sc. Danilyuk А.Yu.
Academician Koroteev А.S.
Commission of experts
on utilization of space
activity results
Cand. Sc. Bezborodov V.G.
Working Group on
Commercial projects
and experiments
(with participation of
Skolkovo foundation)
The STAC of Roscosmos defines priorities in Russian research
program on the ISS
12
Areas of research in Russian Long-term scientific
and applied research program on the ISS RS
Space biology and biotechnology
32 SE
47 SE
Human in space
Technology development
and demonstrations
24 SE
14 SE
Space education
Earth and space
research
42 SE
73 SE
23 SE
Physical and chemical processes
and materials in space conditions
Completed experiments
255 space experiments in total, among them 182 SE are on the stage of preparation or
implementation onboard, 73 SE were completed (as of March 2015)
13
International cooperation on the ISS RS
within 2000-2015
Experiments implemented within the framework of
international cooperation & commercial
216
Germany (ESA)
37
36
USA
31
28
Italy (ESA)
28
28
Netherlands (ESA)
26
26
20
20
18
18
15
15
12
12
Brazil (BSA)
8
8
Malaysia (ANGKASA)
8
8
8
8
5
5
Kazakhstan
3
3
Australia
1
1
Canada
1
1
357
289
Spain (ESA)
Belgium (ESA)
Korea, Republic of
France (ESA)
Japan (JAXA)
SAR
Experiments in total
Besides Russian experiments a lot of investigations within the framework of international
cooperation are implemented aboard the ISS RS
Completed experiments
221
14
Technology development
(the most priority area of research on the
ISS RS taking in view a number of
experiments)
Academician S.P. Korolev heritage
S.P. Korolev
…The development of a heavy orbital station is a necessary stage for longduration flights in space that allow training humans in space and testing
hardware in easily accessible low earth orbit. It is an important methodological
and indispensable step in space exploration…
16
Technology development directions
New technologies for development of spacecraft, onboard systems,
and equipment




Fine-tuning of onboard systems and equipment
Study of new materials resistance
Testing of new control methods
Development of robot systems
Ensuring of reliability, reduction of risk at spaceflight and at
scientific research execution




Study of a dynamic behavior and levels of structural loading
The station’s external atmosphere control
The station’s internal atmosphere control
Study of micrometeorite and technogenic environment in
orbit
 Study of physical conditions aboard the station
17
Countermeasures at off-nominal situations
In-flight testing, during technology development experiments, of new methods
and instruments for the station’s reliability and safety increasing
18
Flight from «Mir» station to «Salyut-7» station
1986
It is necessary to make more active and continue development and finetuning of technologies for the spacecraft maintenance
19
Extravehicular activity
On 18 March 2015 – 50th
Anniversary of the first spacewalk
А.А. Leonov
Aboard the ISS
150 EVAs of cosmonauts
and astronauts were
implemented in order to
its onboard systems
maintenance and
execution of scientific and
applied research program
20
Space stations deorbiting
USSR «Salyut-1,-4,-6»
more than 25 т
1971 … 1982 controlled deorbiting
USA
1979
Uncontrolled deorbiting (Australia)
1991
Controlled deorbiting (Chile)
«Skylab»
more than 80 т
USSR «Salyut-7» with «Cosmos-1686»
more than 40 т
21
Controlled deorbiting of “Mir” space station
Orbit altitude:
• working
• before deorbiting
• beginning of destruction
Area of fragments falling down
-
320...420 km
220 km
110 km
200Х3000 km (rated – up to 6000 km)
For the first time in the world practice of spaceflight on 23 March 2001 a
very complicated engineering operation for evacuation from the orbit of a
space object with mass more than 130 т to the specified water area in
22
Pacific ocean has been implemented
IN-FLIGHT TESTING AND FINE-TUNING OF TECHNOLOGIES AND
ELEMENTS FOR THE FUTURE SPACE MISSIONS ABOARD THE ISS
Manned spacecraft of a new generation
МЛМ
Node Module
Scientific-Power Module
Transformable
(inflatable) Module
Solar-powered tug
equipped with an
electrojet propulsion
facility 100 kW
Free-flying Module
ОКА-Т-ISS
Modules of
a planetary base
Solar-powered tugs
of a megawatt class
Orbital base
(after completion of the ISS program)
Serviceable space platforms
and space vehicles
The ISS is used as a test bench for fine-tuning of new standard technical solutions for the benefit of new
generation of Russian human space complexes development
23
Technology development for space exploration
59 space experiments in total (12 were completed)

Methodology of the orbiting complex inertia tensor assessment with use
of telemetry information was developed and implemented. This has
allowed to reduce significantly fuel consumption for keeping the ISS
attitude. As a result of a deviation vector periodical correction the attitude
control accuracy with use of magnetometers was increased up to 1,5-2°
(Experiments «Tensor», «Sreda-МКS (Environment-ISS)», and others)

Dynamic parameters for different configurations of the station’s modules
were identified, and data about a level and nature of dynamic disturbances
propagation that generated by standard sources of external actions in
different modes were obtained (Experiments «Identification», «Izgib (Bend)», and
others)

The software to control a robot-manipulator via Internet with use of
automated ground-based workstations was developed and tested
(Experiment «Contour»)

Fine-tuning of methodology and instruments to detect signs of air outflow
from the ISS modules is carried out (Experiments «Otklik (Response)», «Proboy
(Puncture)»)

In-flight testing and fine-tuning of basic technological and design
solutions associated with Intersatellite Laser Communication System
development were executed; study of a possibility to establish a laser
communication line «the ISS RS – terrestrial communication station» and
of its utilization features at different atmosphere conditions was carried
out (Experiment «SLS»)
24
Physical and chemical processes and materials in space conditions
24 experiments in total (1 was completed)

Methods of a high-temperature synthesis to develop new high-porous
high-melting heat-insulating materials for space technology (as an
example, for construction of the future planetary outposts) were
developed (Experiment «SVS»)

In microgravity conditions crystals of 19 proteins (in complexes) were
obtained. X-ray diffraction analysis results were gotten for 17 proteins
and their complexes. X-rat diffraction analysis was performed for protein
crystals obtained in microgravity conditions, and also on Earth during a
synchronous crystallization experiment. Three-dimensional structures of
some proteins were obtained and studied (Experiment «Kristallizator
(Crystallizer)»)

A cycle of investigations of plasma crystals and liquids properties
(structure, waves, vortexes, phase transitions) was executed. New
fundamental knowledge on dust plasma physics were obtained with
potential possibility of their application in the area of nanotechnology
(purification, precipitation, separation), production of new materials and
coatings, thermonuclear synthesis (dust particles removing from the
reaction zone), development of new generation of lasers (actuating
medium consisting of radioactive particles aerosol) and others
(Experiment «Plasma crystal»)
25
Earth and space research
57 experiments in total (15 were completed)
 Data on global content of О3, О2, Н2О and their altitudinal distribution in
the atmosphere were specified. Information on emissions in upper
atmosphere of the Earth in UV band was accumulated (both in wide and
narrow bands) with the aim of systematic study of atomic oxygen
distribution in altitudes of 70-150 km, and taking into account influence
of outer space geophysical factors (Experiments «Rusalka», «Relaxation», others)
 Correlation analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of particles’
detected bursts and data about seismic events was performed. It
showed that ~15% particles’ bursts can have a seismic nature
(Experiment «Vsplesk (Burst)», others)
 New knowledge about nature of electrical discharges in the Earth upper
atmosphere that important to develop a kinetic theory of runaway
electrons breakdown were obtained. Atmospherics − electrical signals
generated by lighntings-produced radio waves was studied (Experiments
«Obstanovka (Environment)», «Microsputnik», others)
 Neutron radiation distribution maps in the ISS orbit were constructed
with a spatial resolution 5 х 5 deg in latitude and longitude (Experiment
«BTN-Neutron»)
 Different methods of the Earth remote sensing were tested and finetuned (Experiments «Uragan (Hurricane)», «SVCh-Radiometry», «Napor-miniRSA,
others)
26
Human in space
46 experiments in total (22 were completed)
 New knowledge about functioning of human cardio-respiratory system in space
was obtained to detect prenosological and premorbid states (Experiments «CardioОDNT», «Pulse», «Dykhaniye (Breathing)», «Cardiovector», others)
 For the first time in weightlessness conditions impedometric investigations were
executed and possibility of automatic change of main liquid volumes in a
cosmonaut’s organism in real time was confirmed (Experiments «Sprut-МBI»,
«MORSE», others)
 Investigation of ionizing particles streams distribution and a radiation dose that
depend on a depth of particles penetration into a human’s body in spaceflight
conditions was executed (Experiment «Matryoshka-R»)
 Experimental data in order to specify mechanisms of sensomotor coordination
in weightlessness and to support of a cosmonaut’s musculoskeletal system
were accumulated (Experiments «Motocard», «Virtual»)
 Assessments on reliability of a cosmonaut’s professional activity and analysis of
a crew interpersonal interaction in conditions of a long-term spaceflight were
performed (Experiments «Pilot», «Vzaimodeystviye (Interaction)»)
 Immuno-microbiological investigations were carried out, which allowed to
estimate for the first time a quantitative composition of a human’s microflora
and to determine of a procedure and accessories to control microecological and
infectious status of cosmonauts (Experiments «Immuno», «Khromatomass-spectrum
М», others)
 Metabolic and hematologic investigations were executed to study an influence of
a spaceflight conditions and factors on different systems of a human organism
down to cellular level (Experiments «SPLANKH», «Biosignal», others)
27
Space biology and biotechnology
51 experiment in total (19 were completed)

Scientific discovery was made − it was shown that living creatures being on
evolutionary separated cryptobiological and resting stages (bacteria, fungi, plants,
and animals) can avoid destructive influence of an outer space even after exposure
in these harsh conditions within 2 years and 7 months (Experiment «Biorisk»). In the
samples of dust collected on the ISS RS external surface viable microorganisms of terrestrial
(tropospheric) origin were discovered – a new border of the Earth’s biosphere was discovered
and established (Experiment «Test»)

It was demonstrated that plants can for a long time (comparable to duration of
Martian expedition) be planted in spaceflight conditions without loss of reproductive
functions and to form viable seeds (Experiment «Rasteniya (Plants)»)

Were separated in space and studied new highly active strains of mycorrhizal fungiproducers of a growth hormone preparation, bacteria-producers of a preparation for
oil and its products biodegradation, and also producers of plant protectants
(Experiment «Bioecology»)

Growing of high quality crystals of a number of proteins was implemented to design
a new generation of antimicrobial medical products and components of vaccines, in
particular, to support treatment for yersinieouse and AIDS (Experiments «Vaktsina-К»,
«Structure», «BIF», others)

Aboard the space station microorganisms of three groups were discovered:
filamentous (musty) and yeasty fungi and bacteria, which serve a reason of
biodegradation and biodestruction of space vehicles materials; kinetics of their
growth at the early stage was also studied (Experiment «Biodegradation», others)

Bacteriophages with modified biological and physical-chemical characteristics
produced in space will be used for medical and diagnostic purposes, and also for
genetic studies (Experiment «Bacteriofag», others)
28
Space education
18 experiments in total (4 were completed)

Scientific-educational demonstration of physical lows operation in
space, and getting structural elements of a predetermined shape
made in microgravity conditions with use of polymeric composite
materials, in particular, with a shape memory effect, was
implemented (Experiments «Physics-Education», «Chemistry-Education»,
«МАТI-75»)

Methods of small satellites production with use of an «Orlan-М»
spacesuit that reached the end of its service life (and other
structures and accessories), intended to solve different ISS
utilization tasks including educational experiments, were tested in
orbit (Experiment «Radioskaf»)

Study of disperse media properties, such as dust Coulomb
crystals and Coulomb liquids that generated by charged
microparticles in a magnetic trap in microgravity conditions, was
carried out (Experiment «Coulomb crystal»)

Methods of digital information (photos) downlinking with use of a
radio amateur system were tested and fine-tuned on the ISS.
Procedures of Earth observation experiments planning and
coordination with use of generally accessible communication
channels in the interests of educational and commercial projects
implementation were developed. (Experiment «МАI-75»)
29
The ISS utilization
The ISS Program Science Forum activities results
The 2nd edition of the
“Benefits of Humanity”
collected articles (about
the most significant
results of partners’
investigations on the ISS,
and practical benefits for
the humanity that these
investigations can
provide) is preparing now
In 2009-2013 a number of editions has been published, in which an
active advocacy of the ISS Program is demonstrated, some background
materials about the station, on-board research facilities, and about
results of investigations are presented
Special Partners’ Internet resources dedicated to the ISS utilization were
provided
30
Prospects of the ISS RS development and
scientific & applied research programs
implementation
 Completion of manufacturing and integration of the MLM «Science»
 Development of new modules: NM, SPM, and «ОКА-Т» free-flyer
The ISS Russian segment
Functional Cargo Block
USOS
Mini Research Module 2
Flight
direction
Service Module
Mini Research Module 1
Multipurpose Laboratory Module
• VOLUME ALLOCATED FOR PAYLOADS
- 8 m3
• POWER ALLOCATED FOR PAYLOADS - up to 2.5 kW
• MULTIPURPOSE WORKSTATIONS (MW):
OUTSIDE – 13 INSIDE – 21
32
Assembly and maintenance
of different-purpose space vehicles
Experiments aboard «Progress» cargo
transportation vehicle,
launching of microsatellites
ОКА-Т free-lying module maintenance
 Implementation of a comprehensive program of basic
and allied scientific research in conditions of microgravity
and ultradeep vacuum in the areas of space materials
science, biology, medicine, and biotechnology
 Fine-tuning of base technological processes for
semiconductors, epitaxy heterostructures, and different
alloys production
«Chibis-М» microsatellite
33
«Progress» spacecraft utilization history
«Model-2»
«Znamya-2»
«Inspector»
Use of «Progress» cargo space vehicles as special-purpose modules for
execution of comprehensive experiments
34
«Chibis» microsatellite to study previously unknown physical
electric discharge phenomena in upper atmosphere
1) Mass 40 kg,
including mass of
scientific instruments –
12.5 kg
2) Downlinking system
capacity – 1.2 Мb/s
The microsatellite has been launched in orbit H=500 km
automatically with use of «Progress-М» cargo space vehicle
35
MS with dimension
up to 6U
MS with dimension
up to 6U
Development of the infrastructure for launching of MS with
use of «Progress МS» spacecraft is underway
36
“ОКА-Т” free-flying research and manufacturing spacecraft
Orbital service life
7 years
Autonomous flight duration within a cycle
up to 180 days
Duration of the spacecraft service cycle while docked at an orbiting station
no less than 7 days
Number of cycles of an autonomous flight
up to 4 per year
Payload compartment volume
20 m3
Payload mass
up to 2000 kg
Microgravity level to be provided
better than 10-6g
Flight duration in the mode of a minimum microgravity-level maintenance
up to 20 days
Average daily power supply allocated for the payload complex
up to 5 kW
The OKA-T spacecraft is intended for carrying out scientific research in orbit with
the use of the ISS free-flyer advantages
37
Deployment of the ISS RS 2nd-stage-modules
NM
2018
SPM1
2019
НЭМ2
2017
Technological basis for the future orbital infrastructure
38
New goals of cosmonautics
«To set a foot on the soil of asteroids, to lift by a hand a stone
from the Moon, to arrange moving stations in ethereal space, to
form living rings around Earth, the Moon, the Sun; to observe
Mars at distance of several dozens kilometers, to land on its
satellites or even on its surface…» -
К.E. Tsiolkovsky
Study of outer space by rocket devices. –
«Messenger of aeronautics», 1912, № 9, p. 11.
The Solar system exploration is the main goal
for XXI century generations in space
39
39
Thank you for your
attention!
Additional charts
41
The international cooperation program development logic
ISS RS
of the second stage
(MLM, NM, SPM)
Station of a new generation in the near-Earth orbit
constructed on the basis of the ISS RS (second stage):
• Formation of the international program
• Russian leadership in the program
Technology development and construction of a basis
for implementation, using international cooperation,
of a deep space exploration program
42
Manned Space Complexes Utilization
Scientific Programs
Educational and
Outreach Projects
Fundamental
Scientific Research
Applied Research
- Lessons from space
- Greetings
- Competitions
- Experiments
New kowledge
Innovations
Space Education
Hi-tech and Advertising
Services
- Short-term flights
- Satellite linkups
- Production
advertising
Investments
43
Strategic
(universal)
goals of cosmonautics
Improvement life
on the Earth
Expansion of the
Earth’s life borders
Search of extraterrestrial life
44
Types of results obtained at implementation of research
programs on the ISS
New knowledge
Discoveries,
papers,
patents
Methods of
telemedicine
и spot tests
execution
Research
methods and
instruments
Portable,
ergonomic
equipment
with a high
degree of
automation
Materials and
bioobjects,
produced
(grown) in space
Goal-oriented
information
Improvement of
Earth-based
technologies
Getting products
from
semiconductors
(growing crystals,
films, cultures,
strains)
(microchips,
nanostructures,
cells)
More precise
maps,
photo-, videoimages
Forms of the results utilization on Earth
(directly or using technology transfer)
To increase the return from space exploration a system of the
results transformation into innovations is required
45
The main priority achievements of cosmonautics
in the USSR and Russia aboard space stations «Salyut» and «Mir»
• The foundations for classic multi-modular approach to development of
long-term human orbiting complexes of the future were laid
• The foundations of long-duration spaceflight to explore Solar
system planets were laid
• The experience of a large-scale international cooperation was
acquired
• The crucial contribution to the International Space Station
development was ensured;
• Unique scientific results were obtained
46
Leading research organizations on space experiments
(as of March 2015)
ОАО «НПК «СПП»
ОАО «РКК «Энергия»
ОАО «РКС»
ИЦ им. М.В Келдыша
НИИСК (ЦЭНКИ)
ФГБУ «НИИ ЦПК»
ФГУП «ЦНИИмаш»
1 (1)
34 (8)
2 (0)
3 (1)
1 (0)
3 (2)
20 (4)
Space industry
7 organizations
64 experiments
(16 experiments
completed)
26,0 % SE
ОАО «Биопрепарат»
ОАО «Биохиммаш»
ЗАО «Технологии
ГЕОСКАН»
ГУ «ИГКЭ»
ГУ «ИПГ»
Консорциум
«Космическая регата»
МНТЦ ПНКО
НИИТ и ИО МЗ РФ
ФГУП «ВНИИРО»
ФГУП «ВНИИОФИ»
ФГУП «ГосНИИБП»
ФГУП «Госцентр
«Природа»
ФНКЦ ФМБА
АНО «НТИЦ «ТЕХКОМ»
ФГУП "РНИИРС"
Russian
Academy of
Sciences
19 organizations
107 experiments
(33 experiments
completed)
41,3 % SE
24 (12)
7 (4)
1
1
5 (1)
1
1
1
1 (1)
1
1
1
4
1
1
Other agencies
16 organizations
51 experiments
(18 experiments
completed)
Ministry of Education and
Science
15 organizationsй
32 experiments
(6 experiments completed)
57 research organizations
255 experiments
ГАО
ГНЦ РФ-ИМБП
ИКИ
ИЗМИРАН
ИПМех
ИК
ИМСС УрО
ИО
ИПМ
ИРЭ
ИСМ
ИТЭБ
ИФП СО
ИФТТ
НИЦ КМ ИК
ОИВТ
ФИАН
ФИРЭ
ФТИ
1
60 (22)
13 (2)
7 (3)
3
1
2
1 (1)
2
1
1 (1)
1
1
1
2
3
2
4 (1)
1 (1)
ГАИШ МГУ
МАИ
МАМИ
МАТИ
МГУ
МГУЛ
МГТУ
НИИ ПМЭ МАИ
НИЯУ МИФИ
НИИЯФ МГУ
Пермский ГУ
РХТУ
СПбГУ
ЦНИИ РТК
Удмуртский ГУ
1
5 (1)
1
2 (1)
4 (1)
1
2
1
3 (1)
3 (1)
1
1
1
3 (1)
47
3
Location of workstations for payloads accommodation
in the MLM pressurized compartment
A number of the multipurpose workstations internal (MW-V) – 21
(including 7 workstations for payloads storage)
Port side (plane IV)
Starboard (plane II)
MW-V23-15
(multizone electricvacuum furnace)
MW-V12-13
(«Glovebox-С»
equipment)
III
pl.
MW-V13-9
(container with
a roll-out shelf)
MW-V12-22,23,24,25
(volume behind of
the interior panels for
payloads storage)
MW-V34-4
(shelvesmodules
“wide”)
MW-V43-1
MW-V44-3
(window with a
bracket)
MW-V1210,11,12
(shelvesmodules
“narrow”)
I
pl.
PCC-2
PCC-1
PCC-3
PA
MW-V34-5
(TBU-V Incubators)
PCC-2
PCC-1
MW-V14-17,18
(elastic fixtures on the
interior panels)
MW-V12-19,20,21
(volume behind of
the interior panels for
payloads storage)
PCC-3
MW-V31-8
(automatic
rotating
vibroprotective
platform
«Flyuger»)
PA
УРМ-В32-6
(TBU-N Incubator)
48