Jaringan Komputer Dasar
Network Layer dan IP (2)
Aurelio Rahmadian
Objektif
Pengalamatan
 Network Address
 Kalkulasi Address

Pengalamatan

The allocation of addresses inside the
networks should be planned and
documented for the purpose of:
◦ Preventing duplication of addresses
◦ Providing and controlling access
◦ Monitoring security and performance
Pengalamatan
Pengalamatan
Pengalamatan
Pengalamatan

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA) (http://www.iana.net)
Pengalamatan
Pengalamatan

Tier 1
◦ These ISPs are large national or international ISPs
that are directly connected to the Internet backbone.
◦ The customers of Tier 1 ISPs are either lower-tiered
ISPs or large companies and organizations. Because
they are at the top of Internet connectivity, they
engineer highly reliable connections and services.
◦ The primary advantages for customers of Tier 1 ISPs
are reliability and speed. Because these customers are
only one connection away from the Internet, there
are fewer opportunities for failures or traffic
bottlenecks. The drawback for Tier 1 ISP customers is
its high cost.
Pengalamatan

Tier 2
◦ Tier 2 ISPs acquire their Internet service from Tier 1 ISPs.
Tier 2 ISPs generally focus on business customers.
◦ Tier 2 ISPs usually offer more services than the other two
tiers of ISPs. These tier 2 ISPs tend to have the IT
resources to operate their own services such as DNS, email servers, and web servers. Other services that Tier 2
ISPs may offer include website development and
maintenance, e-commerce/e-business, and VoIP.
◦ The primary disadvantage of Tier 2 ISPs, as compared to
Tier 1 ISPs, is slower Internet access. Because Tier 2 ISPs
are at least one more connection away from the Internet
backbone, they also tend to have lower reliability than Tier
1 ISPs.
Pengalamatan

Tier 3
◦ Tier 3 ISPs purchase their Internet service from Tier 2
ISPs. The focus of these ISPs is the retail and home
markets in a specific locale.
◦ Tier 3 customers typically do not need many of the
services required by Tier 2 customers. Their primary need
is connectivity and support.
◦ These customers often have little or no computer or
network expertise. Tier 3 ISPs often bundle Internet
connectivity as a part of network and computer service
contracts for their customers.
◦ While they may have reduced bandwidth and less
reliability than Tier 1 and Tier 2 providers, they are often
good choices for small to medium size companies.
Network Address
Network Address

Subnet mask pattern:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
00000000 = 0
10000000 = 128
11000000 = 192
11100000 = 224
11110000 = 240
11111000 = 248
11111100 = 252
11111110 = 254
11111111 = 255
Network Address

AND-ing host address with its subnet
mask
◦
◦
◦
◦
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 1 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0
Network Address
Network Address
Kalkulasi Address
Kalkulasi Address
Kalkulasi Address
Kalkulasi Address
Subnet
Network Address
Host Range
Broadcast
Address
0
192.168.1.0 /27
192.168.1.1 – 192.168.1.30
192.168.1.31
1
192.168.1.32 /27
192.168.1.33 – 192.168.1.62
192.168.1.63
2
192.168.1.64 /27
192.168.1.65 – 192.168.1.94
192.168.1.95
3
192.168.1.96 /27
192.168.1.97 – 192.168.1.126
192.168.1.127
4
192.168.1.128 /27
192.168.1.129 – 192.168.1.158
192.168.1.159
5
192.168.1.160 /27
192.168.1.161 – 192.168.1.190
192.168.1.191
6
192.168.1.192 /27
192.168.1.193 – 192.168.1.222
192.168.1.223
7
192.168.1.224 /27
192.168.1.225 – 192.168.1.254
192.168.1.255
Kalkulasi Address
5
10
15
Kalkulasi Address



Divisi Host
A
10
B
2
C
5
D
2
E
15
IP address192.168.10.0 /24
Host Terbanyak E: 15
◦

Setiap subnet harus mampu menampung 32 host (/27)
Divisi
A
B
C
D
E
Unused
Unused
Unused
Network
192.168.10.0
192.168.10.32
192.168.10.64
192.168.10.96
192.168.10.128
192.168.10.160
192.168.10.192
192.168.10.224
Broadcast
192.168.10.31
192.168.10.63
192.168.10.95
192.168.10.127
192.168.10.159
192.168.10.191
192.168.10.223
192.168.10.255
Kalkulasi Address

A Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) is
a means of allocating IP addressing
resources to subnets according to their
individual need rather than some general
network-wide rule.
Kalkulasi Address
5
10
15
Kalkulasi Address
Divisi
Host
E
15
A
10
C
5
B
2
D
2
 IP address 192.168.10.0 /24
 Divisi
Network
E
192.168.10.0 /27
A
192.168.10.32 /28
C
192.168.10.48 /29
B
192.168.10.56 /30
D
192.168.10.60 /30


Unused
Broadcast
192.168.10.31
192.168.10.47
192.168.10.55
192.168.10.59
192.168.10.63
192.168.10.64 - 192.168.10.255
Kalkulasi Address
Kalkulasi Address



Divisi Host
H
1021
C
512
E
321
A
300
I
60
B
2
D
2
F
2
G
2
IP address: 172.16.10.0 /16
Divisi
Network
Broadcast
H
172.16.10.0 /22
172.16.13.255
C
172.16.14.0 /22
172.16.17.255
E
172.16.18.0 /23
172.16.19.255
A
172.16.20.0 /23
172.16.21.255
I
172.16.22.0 /26
172.16.22.63
B
172.16.22.64 /30
172.16.22.67
D
172.16.22.68 /30
172.16.22.71
F
172.16.22.72 /30
172.16.22.75
G
172.16.22.76 /30
172.16.22.79
Unused
172.16.22.80 - 172.16.255.255