COMM110
Nonverbal Communication
Agenda (6.9)
Review of Chapter 4
Chapter 4 – Quiz
Chapter 5 Goals/Overview
Homework Catch-up
Class Short speeches
Group Exercise #2 - Email
Review of this week’s tasks
Review of Chapter 4
• Key Terms
• Chapter 4 Quiz – page 90
4
• Key Terms
• Chapter 4 Quiz – page 90
Chapter 5 Goals
• Explain the 6 principles that identify the ways in
which nonverbal communication functions
• Describe the channels of nonverbal messages
and give examples of messages in each channel
• Apply the encoding and decoding suggestions
for effectiveness in your own nonverbal
interactions
Nonverbal Communication
• Communication
without words
• Nonverbal
communication
includes gestures,
facial expressions,
volume of voice, or
even saying nothing
• Other? How
important?
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
• Nonverbal messages interact
with verbal messages
• Accent – raise voice, pound fist
• Complement – smile or frown
• Contradict - winking
• Control – purse lips, lean forward
• Repeat – ok?..eyebrows raised
• Substitute – nod or shake head,
thumbs up, etc
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal messages help manage impressions –
how you dress, body size, how much you smile
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
To be liked
To be believed
To excuse failure
To secure help by indicating helplessness
To hide faults
To be followed
To confirm self-image and to communicate it to others
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal messages help
form relationships
• Much of relationships are
lived nonverbally
• Communicate affection,
support, anger, animosity, etc
• How you interact
communicates level of
relationship to others (“tie
signs”)
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
• Nonverbal messages
structure conversation
• “Turn-taking cues” –
can be verbal but often
nonverbal
• Ex. Nodding, eye
contact, body language
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
• Nonverbal
messages can
influence and
deceive – how you dress,
smiling pretending you like
someone, how easy to detect
liar?
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
• Nonverbal messages
are crucial for
expressing emotions
– you reveal feelings thru
facial expressions, gestures,
eye movements, etc
Channels of Nonverbal Communication
• Body Communication
– http://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_shapes_who_you_are?la
nguage=en
Channels of Nonverbal Communication
• Facial Communication
Channels of Nonverbal Communication
• Eye Communication
– The eyes are the
“windows to the
soul.” Eyes can
mirror a limitless
range of emotions
and states of being
Channels of Nonverbal Communication
• Spatial
Communication
– varies by culture
• https://www.yout
ube.com/watch?
v=nLpHvXuEE4
U
• https://vimeo.co
m/63660368
Channels of Nonverbal Communication
• Artifactual
Communication
– uses space
decoration to
influence
non-verbal
communication
Channels of Nonverbal Communication
• Touch
Communication
Channels of Nonverbal Communication
• Paralanguage
and Silence
– the nonlexical
component of
communication by
speech, for example
intonation, pitch and
speed of speaking,
hesitation noises,
gesture, and facial
expression
Channels of Nonverbal Communication
• Time Communication
– The study of temporal
communication
(chronemics) concerns the
use of time
Nonverbal Communication
With Friends
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvEci5
Bjgd4
Importance of Non-Verbal Signals
• Far more pervasive in work place than researchers
originally thought
• But also more complex
• Such covert cues, the new data show, have a strong
impact in key relationships such as those between judge
and jury, physician and patient, or teacher and student
Judge and Jury
•
How a judge gives his instructions to a jury was perceived to double the
likelihood that the jury would deliver a verdict of guilty or not guilty -even
when on the surface the judge's demeanor seemed perfectly impartial
Judge and Jury
•
•
•
The judicial study, reported in the November issue of The Stanford Law
Review, is believed to be one of the first scientific tests of the courtroom lore
that the judge's attitudes, even if never openly expressed, are often crucial
to a trial's outcome.
One striking finding concerned trials in which the judge knew that the
defendant had a record of previous felonies, a fact that a jury, by law, is not
allowed to know unless the defendant takes the stand. When the judges
were aware of past felonies, the Stanford study found, their final instructions
to juries were lacking in warmth, tolerance, patience and competence.
The juries in these cases said they were unaware of any bias on the part of
the judges, yet their verdicts were twice as likely to be ''guilty'' than in cases
in which the charges were as serious but defendants had no record of
felonies.
Judge and Jury
•
•
•
•
The juries in these cases said they were unaware of any bias on the part of
the judges, yet their verdicts were twice as likely to be ''guilty'' than in cases
in which the charges were as serious but defendants had no record of
felonies.
When videotapes were analyzed by independent raters, they found that the
judges' tone of voice, rather than anything in their words or body
movements, communicated the strongest, most negative messages.
''Judges can't come out and say, 'This defendant is guilty,' '' said Peter
Blanck, who did the study. ''But they may say it subtly, nonverbally - even if
that message is inadvertent.''
''If judges became sensitized to the problem, they could learn to be more
impartial in their demeanor,'' Dr. Blanck said.
Physician and Patient
•
•
•
A physician's rapport with his patients, for instance, depends to a great
extent on his body language, according to Dr. Rosenthal's recent studies,
done with Jinni Harrigan, a psychologist at the University of Cincinnati
medical school
The studies found that physicians who were rated as having the best
rapport sat leaning toward the patient, with arms and legs uncrossed, and
nodding as they talked to patients. Another sign of rapport was looking the
patient in the eye from time to time, but not staring. The net effect seemed
to communicate a desire to be attentive and intimate.
The meaning of a given posture or movement, Dr. Rosenthal cautions, is
highly specific to a given situation. Thus, a physician who leaned back in his
chair, which in many social settings would be a sign of feeling relaxed, could
be seen by a patient as signaling a lack of interest.
Physician and Patient
•
•
•
•
''It's too simplistic to say that, for example, a physician is sending a
message of rapport when he nods or tilts forward,'' said Dr. Rosenthal.
''When you freeze the moment and extract one part of what is going on from
it, you lose the richness of the phenomenon. When people try to equate a
specific cue with a given message, it gets too mechanical.''
Nonetheless, it is clearly important for everyone to know that, in one way or
another, they are in almost constant nonverbal communication with others.
Tone of voice was a potentially damaging covert bias found in one study of
psychotherapists with their patients. When the therapists talked to resident
patients at a large private hospital, their tone was much more hostile and
anxious than when they spoke with patients who lived outside the hospital.
''The nonverbal messages during therapy can be more important than what
is said,'' Dr. Lee said.
Interviewer and Interviewee
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lW5kB906mh8
Interviewer and Interviewee
•
In another setting, a study of job interviews found that the more often an
interviewer touched his foot, the more likely that his hiring decision was
favorable. While at first glance that result may seem curious, an explanation
is provided by Dr. Rosenthal and Shelly Goldberg, a student at Harvard with
whom he did the study.
•
When people are feeling ill at ease, as is often the case during such
interviews, they tend to sit stiffly and shift very little. One possibility,
according to Dr. Rosenthal and Miss Goldberg, is that, once a favorable
hiring decision has been made, the interviewer becomes more relaxed and
shifts position more often. This makes one more likely to touch one's foot,
which is difficult to reach in a more formal position. The study is to be
published soon in The Journal of Nonverbal Behavior.
Interviewing Skills
•
Nonverbal Communication and You
Nonverbal Communication and Getting a Job
You may be thinking that getting the right degree at the right college is the
way to get a job. Think again! It may be a good way to get an interview, but
once at the interview, what matters? College Journal reports that, "Body
language comprises 55% of the force of any response, whereas the verbal
content only provides 7%, and paralanguage, or the intonation -- pauses
and sighs given when answering -- represents 38% of the emphasis." If you
show up to an interview smelling of cigarette smoke, chewing gum, dressed
inappropriately, and listening to music on your phone, you’re probably in
trouble.
Some effective nonverbal practices during interviews:
•
Make eye contact with the interviewer for a few seconds at a time.
Interviewing Skills
•
Smile and nod (at appropriate times) when the interviewer is talking, but,
don't overdo it. Don't laugh unless the interviewer does first.
•
Be polite and keep an even tone to your speech. Don't be too loud or too
quiet.
•
Don't slouch.
•
Do relax and lean forward a little towards the interviewer so you appear
interested and engaged.
•
Don't lean back. You will look too casual and relaxed.
•
Keep your feet on the floor and your back against the lower back of the
chair.
Interviewing Skills
•
Pay attention, be attentive and interested.
•
Listen.
•
Don't interrupt.
•
Stay calm. Even if you had a bad experience at a previous position or were
fired, keep your emotions to yourself and do not show anger or frown.
•
Not sure what to do with your hands? Hold a pen and your notepad or rest
an arm on the chair or on your lap, so you look comfortable. Don't let your
arms fly around the room when you're making a point.
•
http://blog.ed.ted.com/2013/05/24/how-to-nail-a-job-interview/
Nonverbal Communication
Skills
• Become Mindful of Nonverbal Messages
• Decoding (interpreting) nonverbal messages
• Encoding (sending) nonverbal messages
Nonverbal Communication
Skills
• Decoding (interpreting) nonverbal messages
–things to keep in mind when making
judgements
•
•
•
•
Be tentative
Seek alternative judgements
Messages come from many different channels
Could you be wrong?
Nonverbal Communication
Skills
• Encoding (sending) nonverbal messages –
things to keep in mind
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Think about your choices just like verbal
Nonverbal consistent with verbal
Monitor like verbal
Avoid extremes and monotony – ex. Dwight
Take situation into consideration
Maintain eye contact with speaker
Avoid using certain adaptors in public – flossing!
Avoid strong cologne or perfume
Be careful with touching
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Class Presentations –
Introductory Speech
Very Basic Speech Outline for Class Introduction
Attention Getter: (Just What It Says)
Road Map: (This is what you are going to tell us)
Body: (This is where you tell us)
I. (This is the first thing you are going to tell us)
II. (This is the next thing you are going to tell us)
III. (This is the next thing) _______________________________________________
IV. (The next thing) ____________________________________________________
V. (The next thing) ____________________________________________________
VI. (Next) ____________________________________________________________
VII. (Next) ____________________________________________________________
Summary: (Tell us what you told us)
Memory: (Leave us with a mental picture that will help us remember what you said)
Class Presentations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Name of person being introduced What that person wants to be called
Hobbies
What the person does
Interests
Family information
Anything else the person wants us to know
Favorite kind of music/movies/TV shows/sports
Next Steps
Discussion/Homework Week #4
• Discussion Boards –– in class
• Assignments – in class
• Assessments – Module #4 due Sunday
6.14 and Midterm (Chap 1-5) Due
Sunday, 6.21
Interview:
Thank you Emails
• Thank you for your time
• Refer to something they said in the
interview
• Summary of your skills and why you are a
fit for the job
• Next steps
Interview:
Thank you Emails
Hi Jeff-
Thanks so much for meeting with me today to discuss my background and experience and how it fits with the Field Marketing
Services Manager position. I feel this is a great opportunity and I am excited for the challenge.
I feel I bring a unique skill set, since I am able to successfully manage both people and programs. In my 10+ years experience in
field marketing, I have developed a keen sense of what works and what doesn't, so I am able to make the best decisions and
recommendations that will ensure the program's success. I definitely have been in the trenches before and know how to handle
and be ready for change and jump right into new projects.
Thanks again for the opportunity and hope to hear from you soon!
Sincerely,
Carrie Stahl
503-348-4708
Interview:
Thank you Emails
Hi Sandy,
Thank you for taking the time to meet with me today to discuss the Field Marketing Services Manager position.
I was really impressed with the support behind the field marketing program as well as the projected sales growth in the
coming years. This position is such a great fit as it requires and utilizes my full skill set. With my extensive
background managing multiple retail sales and demo programs, I can "hit the ground running." I am confident that I will
be able to further develop and grow this program with great results.
I left my visit today with so many ideas and hope that I get the opportunity to put them into action!
Sincerely,
Carrie Stahl
503-348-4708
•
•
Interview:
Thank you Emails
Hi Jan Thanks for taking the time to meet with me yesterday to discuss the Field Marketing Services Manager position. It was
great to get a tour of the office inside and out.
I appreciated your insight around company culture, organizational structure and future growth plans. It's encouraging
that even in a tough economy, Custom Decorators has been able to grow so quickly and is well positioned going
forward.
As you know, I bring 10+ years of experience successfully managing multiple field marketing programs for companies
who are brand leaders. What I believe sets me apart is my ability to achieve results in many different roles (recruiting,
field management, client and store relations, analysis and reporting). I am able to work efficiently and effectively with a
variety of different people, which is key to success in this business.
Thanks for the opportunity and I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely,
Carrie Stahl
503-348-4708