Name: _____________________________________ Date: _______________ Per: __________
Industrial Revolution: History and Significance
Industrial
Revolution
The ________________________________ was the transition to new
manufacturing processes
In the United States, sometime between ________________________
The __________________ Industrial Revolution happened before the
United States
British inventors began developing machines which transformed the
_______________________________
Start of Industrial
Revolution in US
____________________________________ observed that in Britain,
spinning was done in one mill and weaving was in another.
Lowell wanted to combine spinning and weaving under ___________.
A group of investors, the ________________________, built a mill in
Waltham, MA.
Their _________ had all the machines to turn raw cotton into finished
cloth.
After Lowell died the Boston associated continued building. They
built an entire factory town on the ____________________________
and named it after Lowell.
The town of ______________________ had a population of five farm
families in 1821.
By 1836 it had over ______________________
Changes
In American Life
We went from an farming society to an ________________________
Most goods were produced by hand ______________ or in workshops
Most people were __________________
Most people lived in _________________________
Machines replaced ___________________________
Steam, water and electric power replaced
______________________________________________
Economy shifted from farming to _____________________________
More people moved from farms to ___________________
Factories
Factories were set up along rivers since they needed water to
_____________ the machines that would spin thread and weave cloth.
This new factory system had workers and machines working together
to _____________________________.
The British did not want their designs to leave England. Why?
Designs are helping the _____________________
Designs are worth serious ____________________
They made it __________ for all factory workers to leave the country
Checked __________________ for plans of British factories.
______________________________, a mechanic in one of the mills,
memorized the plans then traveled to the United States.
Slater met up with _____________________________, a Quaker and
built the first American Mill.
Working Conditions In Lowell, and other mill towns owners would hire mostly
__________________________________
You could pay women and children ______________________ than a
man.
Children as ___________________________ could work in the mills
They could navigate around the machines since they were _________.
Working in the mill was no different than working at a farm.
To reassure parents that their daughters would be okay in the “city”,
the Boston Associates built ________________________, hired house
mothers, built a church and made rules.
Most women would work for a few years then would
________________________.
Both women and children worked long hours: ______________ a day,
___________________ a week (72 hours a week)
As competition increased, working and pay conditions ____________
Inventions
In 1764 James Hargreaves created the ______________________. It
allowed a worker to spin several threads at once rather than just one.
______________________________ modified the spinning jenny in
1769. He created a machine that could spin up to 100 different threads
at once.
It required water power to turn its wheels so it became known as the
______________________________.
This made producing thread much faster
In the 1780’s Edward Cartwright built a loom that was powered by
water.
This made producing cloth much faster.
__________________________ –
Cotton=thread=cloth
There were inventions which sped up the process of producing thread
and cloth (spinning jenny and the loom)
In 1793 _________________, an American, developed the cotton gin.
Made the process of _________________________ fibers faster and
easier.
Growing Cities
As factories sprouted up, ________________________
Cities had many problems
_______________ and gravel made roads impassable when it rained
No __________________________
____________________________ was thrown in the street
In these crowded conditions ______________________ spread
__________________ could spread easily from one house to another.
Cities had many ____________________________
_______________________, racetracks, plays, __________________
“________________________” fashion (not hand sewn)
Fancy ________________
Specialty _______________
New Ipswich
The ____________________________ provided water power for
mills in New Ipswich
In 1801 ______________________ set up the first woolen mill in the
state of New Hampshire
In 1804, New Ipswich established the first cotton mill in
__________________________________.
Mills supported spinning and weaving of cotton and _____________.
This manufacture of fabrics spread throughout the state and greatly
added to its economic and _____________________________
Aided the development of the __________________________ in the
United States