Aeronautical
Information
Vision and Strategy
Executive Briefing
Presented to: AIXM Conference
By: Office of Airspace and AIM
Date: February 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration
Topics
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction concepts
Advances in aeronautical information
Status at FAA
What our customers want
Current activities
Summary
Aeronautical Information Management
January 2007
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Topics/1
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•
•
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Introduction concepts
Advances in aeronautical information
Status at FAA
What our customers want
Current activities
Summary
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Introduction concepts
• Products are presentations (Views) of data
– Effective at date of publication
• The primary user of [paper] products is humans
– Machines have to interpret products to extract underlying data
Publications
Web
Display
Hypertext
• The real value is in the data
– The product is just the presentation
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Introduction concepts/2
• ICAO Annex 15 describes the product
requirements for the Aeronautical
Information Service (AIS) (2 Products)
RESTRICTED
AIRSPACE ACTIVE
RUNWAY CLOSED
Baseline
(Static Situation)
Delta
(Dynamic Changes)
Aeronautical
Information
Publication
Notice to Airman
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Introduction concept/3
• Historically we set up stovepipes to create
products
– Customers are responsible for integrating products
into view of the airspace system
– We cannot ensure the products are consistent
NASR
NOTAMs
ACES
ETMS
DAFIF
DOF
SUA
ALTRV
TPP
NFD
…
Aeronautical
Products
Aeronautical Information Management
January 2007
Customers
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Introduction concepts
Advances in aeronautical information
Status at FAA
What our customers want
Current activities
Summary
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Advances in Aeronautical Information
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Maturity in understanding FAA products
What is a NOTAM?
Move from Messages to Transactions
Putting it together
What’s changed?
Global change: AIS to AIM
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1.
Maturity in understanding products
•
We don’t have to live in the “product-centric” past
– We create many systems to do the same thing to the same basic data
elements
– Example of 2 Aeronautical Notices
• Notice to Airman (NOTAM)
• Special Use Airspace (SUA) status
•
Aeronautical information data products have common themes
– Identification and Operation [ What ]
• Description (KIAD), Status (Open/Closed)
– Period of Validity [ When ]
– Geometry [ Where ]
• Point, Line, Polygon
– Latitude, Longitude, Altitude
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2.
What is a NOTAM?
• Notice that the published information has changed
• NOTAM – Notice to Airmen
– A0794/06 (09/027) - RUNWAY CLOSED 10/28 12 SEP 04:00
UNTIL UFN
+
Aeronautical Information
Identification & Operation
12 Sep 0400 GMT
Until Further
Notice
Period of Validity
+
Geometry
Message
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Another notice
2.
Military Airspace Status
• SUA Status – Special Use Airspace status
– Buckeye Military Operation Area (MOA)
• Activated 0900 to 1300 on Sep 9 2006
Buckeye
MOA
Activated
+
Aeronautical Information
Identification & Operation
9 Sep 2006
0900 to 1300 GMT
Period of Validity
MOA
boundary
+
Geometry
Message
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2.
What about other FAA products?
• Products (Historically Text based)
–
–
–
–
NOTAM: Runway is Closed for a certain time
SUA: Buckeye MOA is Active for a certain time
CARF: Temporary Restricted Airspace
GPS/WAAS: GPS Unreliable in Coverage area until further notice
• Common Themes
– Identification and Operation [ What ]
– Period of Validity [ When ]
– Geometry [ Where ]
• The examples above all describe something that is happening
to a piece of airspace, but it could be an airport, navaid or any
other component of the National Airspace System (NAS)
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A Credit Card Transaction
3.
A familiar example
Credit Card
Transaction
+
Charge Number
Timestamp
=
Operation
List of changed properties
Credit Information
Identification & Balance
…
Debit $200
Credit Information
Identification & Balance
(Updated State)
Message
• Credit card
 [Existing] balance - Charge= [New] balance
 [Existing] Value + transaction = [New] Value
• Address update…..
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A Transaction
3.
Aeronautical data works the same way
Aeronautical Information
Transaction (AI-T)
+
Aeronautical Feature
Period of Validity:
=
Start of Change
End of Change
Aeronautical Information
Identification & Operation
Operation
List of changed properties
Geometry
Aeronautical Information
Identification & Operation
(Updated State)
(Published)
Message
(What, When, Where)
• Start with published information about an aeronautical
feature (runway, airport, airway, fix, airspace…)
 Add a request to change a property of a feature (owner, status,
availability…)
 Result is the updated feature
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3.
Putting it together
• Start flight planning with a snapshot of the current
airspace
– Request updates to the dataset since the snapshot was taken
– Result is a common [near-time] view of the NAS
•
•
•
•
•
Airports
Aircraft FMS
ATC Automation
Traffic Flow Management
Partners – International, Military, …
• User systems would use or show that data in the
form that supports their requirements
– Query, Filter, Alert, Transform (text or graphic representation)
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5.
What’s changed?
• International Recognition that we need to move from textbased products
• There is a global exchange model available
– Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM)
• Describes aeronautical information and relationships
– Designed for system to system exchange of data
• We now understand that existing legacy products can be
created from base NAS data
– Publications
– NOTAMs
– Charts (after adaptation for best presentation)
• Data Quality starts at the beginning of the process (survey)
and must be maintained
– Trace-ability of data source and modification
– Chain-of-Custody
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6.
Classical AIS
AIM System
- publish documents
- manage data
Managing Data
Managing Product
Global change: AIS to AIM
AIP
SUP,
NOTAM,
AIC
Document content and format is described by:
Data managed in the system is described by models:
- ICAO Annex 15, Appendix 1 – AIP Content
- Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM)
- ICAO Annex 15, Appendix 6 – NOTAM format
- AIXM Conceptual Model (AICM)
-…
- Electronic AIP (eAIP) – on-line presentation format
<<complexProperty >>
Timesheet
<<complexProperty >>
Timetable
1
0..*
<<complexProperty >>
ObstacleLightingTimetable
<<Feature>>
Obstacle
<<complexProperty >>
ObstacleTimetable
+
+
+
obstacle effectivity
+
1
+
0..1
+
+
+
identif ier
name
ty pe
marking
f irstColour
secondColour
status
remarks
+ accuracy
+ conf idence lev el
+ resolution
Aeronautical Information Management
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1
0..1
+ remarks
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Specifications
maximumElev ation
elev ationDatum
height
geoidUndulation
accuracy
conf idence lev el
resolution
• Content
• Quality
1
1
<<group>>
VerticalDimensions
1
<<group>>
HorizontalGeometry
1
<<Feature>>
ObstacleLighting
1
1
EuroControl Slide
0..1
obstacle lighting availabi...
• Metadata
0..*
<<complexProperty >>
ObstacleLightElement
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Introduction concepts
Advances in aeronautical information
Status at FAA
What our customers want
Current activities
Summary
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Historically at FAA
Criteria is manual
and form-based
Separate data sets
for each activity
Examples
7930.2 NOTAM Manual –
Specifies “human-readable”
grammar
Examples
DOF – Obstacle data set for
public
8260.19 TERPS – “Mail
Sectional Charts” “Rules for
interpreting terrain contours”
AirNAV – Obstacle data set
for procedure development
7400.X Airspace – Manual
coordination and publication
of airspace
Paper-based processing
and tracking
Non-integrated Products
Examples
Letters of Agreement
Examples
Charts
SUA development and
validation
Letters of Agreement
Publications
NOTAMs
NASR – NAS data set for
public
Procedure Charts
Airport Layouts
NACO – NAS data set for
charting
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Trends in the FAA
• Criteria – separating policy, procedures and data
– 8260.19D (TERPS automation)
– Proposed NOTAM manual modernization
• Data sets – improved data integrity and
information management
– Surveys and Airport GIS
• Processing – automation and workflow
– iOE/AAA
– MIA and MVA evaluations
– Milops, Airport GIS, etc.
• Products – automation from a common data set
– eNASR
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Topics/4
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Introduction concepts
Advances in aeronautical information
Status at FAA
What our customers want
Current activities
Summary
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What our Customers want
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2006 Global AIS Congress
Highlights from NOTAM Survey
Digital data not text
Multiple Views
Direct to the cockpit
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2006 Global AIS Congress
1.
AIS – The key to Interoperability
Pilots (User) Perspective on
Aeronautical Information (AI)
Presentation given to AIS Congress
By Capt. Ed Lyons
Capt Ed Lyons
V.P. Safety & Airworthiness
Air Operations
VP Safety & Airworthiness Air
Operations for Federal Express
Madrid Attendance
• Over 500 attendees
• Over 80 Countries
Quality Aeronautical Information
The key to Interoperability
High Level Representation
• FAA ATO VP of System
Operations
Message: “US NOTAM system is broken”
Request: NOTAM (AI) data directly to the cockpit
Aeronautical Information Management
January 2007
• EUROCONTROL Director
General
• ICAO Director of Air Navigation
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2.
Quotes from NOTAM survey
•
FAA should plan to improve the processing and delivery of the aeronautical
information because:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
Major Deficiencies to focus on
–
–
•
“The key issue is safety not savings. Savings are nice but safety is paramount. The
current, fragmented system is potentially unsafe and is definitely inefficient.
Contradictory NOTAM – potentially unsafe
Local NOTAM not disseminated – potentially unsafe
Procedures changed by NOTAM – potentially unsafe (when good internal data checks
would have uncovered the bad data in the fist place)
Untimely data – potentially unsafe
No advance warning e.g. long-haul flights inbound the USA – potentially unsafe (DNOTAM)
Lack of current surface conditions – potentially unsafe”
“Put someone in charge and give them the authority to change how business is done!
The NOTAM Office or some central facility must own, be aware of and have the authority
to deal with all U.S. AIS/AIM data. It should also be able to follow up worldwide issues in
coordination with EAD”
“A SINGLE SOURCE is a MUST”
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3.
Digital data not text
• Sample NOTAM text
– A0794/06 (09/027) - RUNWAY CLOSED 10/28 12 SEP 04:00 UNTIL UFN
• Data
– Fully Described (What and When)
– Fully geo-referenced (Where)
– Timely!!!!!!!!!
• Functionality
–
–
–
–
Query
Filter
Transform
Alert
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4.
Multiple views of data
View A
View C
Traditional US NOTAM format:
Plan Language
format:
Plain
Language NOTAM Format
!MCN CCO 14/32 CLSD/PARL TWY 3000X75
AVBL DAY VMC/NO TSNT/NO PLA/NO
STUDENT
NOTAM Number:
Issue Date:
Location:
Geo-referenced Display:
Beginning:
Ending:
5/3232
Nov 10, 2005
Newnan Coweta County Airport
(CCO)
Effective immediately
Until further notice
Affected Area(s):
Runway:
Status:
14-32
Closed
Taxiway:
Status:
Length:
Width:
Operating Hours:
14-32 Parallel
Open
3000 ft
75 ft
Sunrise to Sunset
Usage Restrictions:
Flight Rules:
Pilots:
Restriction:
14-32 Parallel
Visual
Certified Only (No Students)
No practice low approaches
5/3232
5/3232
Data enables Functions
View B
Query Filter Transform Alert
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5.
Direct to the cockpit
From Ed Lyons (FedEx) Presentation at 2006 AIS Congress
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Topics/5
•
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Introduction concepts
Advances in aeronautical information
Status at FAA
What our customers want
Current activities
Summary
Aeronautical Information Management
January 2007
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Current activities
1. Aeronautical Information Exchange Model
2. Digital NOTAM Prototype
•
Airport Surface NOTAM Viewer
3. Next-generation Flight Management System (FMS)
4. 2007 NOTAM Improvements
5. Aeronautical Information Management
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Introduction to AIXM
•
Standards-based approach for modeling aeronautical data
– ICAO* Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS)
– Industry standards
– Data concepts from aeronautical information products
•
•
•
Originally developed by EUROCONTROL in 1990’s
AIXM 5 Developed by collaboration of EUROCONTROL, FAA,
NGA and others.
Organized into major
conceptual areas
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Aerodromes
Airspace
Fixes
Procedures
Routes
Services
Obstacles
*ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization
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AIXM Foundation
AI-X
xNOTAM
Messages and AI-X
Feature Identification
Others…
ISO 19107
Geometry
ISO 19108
Temporality
SUA Status
Airspace Status
ISO 19115
Metadata Schema
• AIXM 5 Design Document – Model for Aeronautical
Information Exchange (AI-X)
– www.aixm.aero
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Digital-NOTAM prototype
•
•
Partnership with Air Mobility Command (AMC) and National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA)
Proof of concept
– Fully digital NOTAM data (what, when, and where)
NOTAM
Creation
US NOTAM
System
NOTAM Data Model
(Geo-referenced)
Distribute
Convert
Static and Dynamic
Aeronautical Data
Traditional formats and distribution
channels still exist.
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Digital NOTAM Explorer
Airport Surface
NOTAM Viewer
Filter
Airport:
ABQ
Operation Type
VFR (Visual)
Select User Type
Military operations
Plain Language View
Civilian, Commercial
Civilian, GA
IFR
Apply
Proof of Concept
Machine readable NOTAM
can be accurately filtered
and converted to any
format on the fly.
NOTAM: 5/5454
Beginning: 8/1/2006 00:00
Ending:
8/3/2006 12:30
Geo-referenced NOTAMs
can be plotted on maps
and associated with
Airport surface features.
Taxiway: A-8
Status:
Closed
Visual indicator that there
is a NOTAM
Time Range
8/1/2006
16:00
NOTAM data can be
accurately filtered by time.
Aeronautical Information Management
January 2007
8/1/2006
00:00
8/2/2006
08:00
8/2/2006
00:00
8/4/2006
00:00
8/3/2006
00:00
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Next Generation Flight Management
ARINC Navigation Data Base eXchange (NDBX)
December 2006
http://www.arinc.com/aeec/projects/ndbx/index.html
•
FMS uses proprietary
data formats
–
•
Equipment Limitations
–
The FMC evolution needs a new momentum
Limiting options and
competition
Equipment and
standard capacity
limited
•
An Airlines View on the current constrains and needed changes to pave the way
for seamless operation in an increasingly changing ATM environment
Aeronautical Information Management
January 2007
•
< 10 year life
Opportunity to resolve
past compromises
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2007 NOTAM Improvements
• FAA needs to address the issue of Local
NOTAMS
– One central place to pull ALL US NOTAMs
• NOTAM numbering system
– Avoid re-using expired NOTAM numbers
– Numbers rolled 3 times in 2006
Goal: Maximize short-term benefits
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Aeronautical Information
Management
1.
• Operational
– Address AI data quality and tracking directly from the point of
origination
• Should airports enter status changes directly into system?
– Single portal for AIS, NOTAM, and all other AI (surveys, obstacles, …)
– Integrate Special Use Airspace (SUA) status into the NOTAM system
– Digital Delivery along side of legacy NOTAM delivery
• Streamline AIM policy, processes and delivery
– Implement workflow management throughout AI processes
• Data Traceability and Metadata (source/author, date info, )
• Tracking work throughout the data chain (survey…AIS…aircraft)
• Involve more of the community
– Planning a mid-April Community NOTAM briefing
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Topics/6
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction concepts
Advances in aeronautical information
Status at FAA
What our customers want
Current activities
Summary
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Summary
1. Paradigm Shift
–
–
Move from legacy AIS thinking to Aeronautical Information
Management (legacy product to data)
Actions Planned
2. International Adoption
–
Global data exchange format
•
–
Aeronautical Information Exchange Format (AIXM)
Partnership
3. A couple of things to remember….
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Paradigm Shift
1.
Data is the key
• Products are specifications on how data
should be presented
– Charts (products) have two parts
• The aeronautical data
• How the data (label) should be presented (anchored to
graphic) on the document
– Products can be out-of-date the day of publication
• Quality begins at the beginning of the data
chain
• Single Entry – Multiple Views
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Data-driven Charts
1.
Computer-assisted cartography is available now
1. Offset from Attribute
General Rules
Label requirements based on rules by scale
Offset based on rules
Label Location based on rules
Overlapping based on rules
2. Candidate Placements
Location Candidate #1
Candidate #4
XYZ
XYZ
XYZ
XYZ
XYZ
XYZ
Candidate #2
XYZ
XYZ
Candidate #5
Candidate #3
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Single Data Entry
1.
Computer automated products are possible now
Multiple Products/Views
Traditional Text
AIXM
FDC 0/0000 ZAB NEWMEXICO.. FLIGHT
RESTRICTION ROSWELL, NEWMEXICO.
PURSUANT TO 14 CFR SECTION
Web Text
91.137(A)(2)
TEMPORARY FLIGHT
RESTRICTIONS ARE IN EFFECT DUE TO A
HIGHState
SPEED ...
New Mexico
Affected Location: Roswell, New Mexico
VORTAC (CME)
xNOTAMnear
(AIXM)
XML
Beginning Date:
3/2/2004 at 4:46 PM UTC
Ending Date:
Until further notice
<NotUid> 24 hours, daily
TFR Hours:
<txtNameAcctFac>FDC</txtNameAcctFac>
Affected Operations:All
<dateIndexYear
/>flight restrictions
Reason for
NOTAM:Temporary
<noSeqNo />
for high speed chase
Type: <dateIssued>1/1/0001</dateIssued>
Hazards
<txtLocalName>BRETT
TEST</txtLocalName>
...
…
</NotUid>
<codeTimeZone>UTC</codeTimeZone>
<txtDescrPurpose>
HIGH SPEED CHASE
</txtDescrPurpose>
...
TFR Graphics
AIXM
Different Transforms
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AIXM Deployment
2.
Global Adoption and Implementation
AIXM
End 2007 - AIXM 5.0
Final Release
Sep 05
AIXM 4.5
2006
EuroControl Slide
Release Candidate 1
Aeronautical Information Management
January 2007
2007
2008
2009
Release Candidate 2
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2.
International Adoption
From 2006 Global AIS Congress
1 –AIM is
core ATM
enabler
• Australia
• Canada
• China
9 - Civil/Military
partnerships
2 – Enlarged
scope
• EuroControl
• Japan
• South Africa
3 – Move from
product to data
approach
8 – Business
Focus
• United States
7 - Human
Capital
4–Ensure quality
for all phases
of flight
6 - Global
AIM
Partnerships
Aeronautical Information Management
January 2007
5 – Regional
Excellence
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3.
A couple things to remember…
• Quality from the very beginning
– Quality check as data enters the system
• Authorization and accuracy
– Focus on end-to-end quality
– Complete Chain-of-Custody
• Move to digital delivery of Aeronautical data
–
–
–
–
Build products from base AI data
Merge like data types (NOTAMs and SUAs)
Single entry – Multiple Views
We will still have to maintain many of our legacy formats
• Aeronautical data is not just traditional AIS and NOTAMs
• Its Global…
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Thank You !
Aeronautical Information Management
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Definitions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
AEEC
AI
AI-T
AIM
AIS
AICM
AIXM
Annex 15
CARF
COI
FMC
FMS
IV&V
MOA
NDBX
NOTAM
SUA
UML
WG
XML
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee (ARINC)
Aeronautical Information (also means Artificial Intelligence)
AI Transaction
Aeronautical Information Management
Aeronautical Information Service
Aeronautical Information Conceptual Model
Aeronautical Information Exchange Model based on XML
ICAO annex addressing AI Services
Community of Interest
Flight Management Computer
Flight Management System
Independent Verification &Verification
Military Operating Area
Navigation Database Exchange
Notice to Airman
Special Use Airspace
Unified Modeling Language
Work Group
eXtendable Markup Language
Aeronautical Information Management
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