1990 bis heute
Claus Tieber






domestic BO:
2000: 7,75 Milliarden
2009: 10,6 Mrd.
number of tickets:
2002: 1,57 Mrd.
2010: 1,34 Mrd.
Claus Tieber






Warner
Disney
Sony
Paramount
Fox
Universal
Claus Tieber





1993: Viacom merged with Paramount
1995: Seagram kauft MCA/Universal
1995: Disney kauft Capital Cities/ABC
1995: Time Warner und Turner Broadcasting
System
2000: Vivendi kauft MCA
Claus Tieber

Tentpoles:
 Media events
 Promotional tie-ins
 easy sells in world markets
 ability to spin off sequels to create a franchise
Claus Tieber







Outside investors
Reduced studio overheads
Tougher deals with talent agents
New breed of studio agents, execs who built
their reputation outside of Hollywood
Dying DVD business
Fragmentation of the audience
Unknown impact of the internet and social
media
Claus Tieber








Fantasy (Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter)
Action Comics (Batman, Spiderman etc.)
Theme Park Rides (Pirates of the Caribbean)
Märchen (Shrek)
Spielzeug (Transformers)
Cartoon shows
Video games
Original stories (Pixar)
Claus Tieber









DC und Marvel
DC gehört zu WB (Superman, Batman etc)
Marvel gehört heute zu Disney (Spider-Man, XMen, Iron Man etc.)
70er Jahre: vier Superman Filme
Erster Batman-Film 1989
Marvel: Erfolg von X-Men und Spider-Man
Marvel Studios
Vertrieben von Paramount
Claus Tieber

Family Films:
 Especially well on the home video market
 G-rated films
Claus Tieber

Dreamworks
 1994 von Spielberg, Katzenberg und David Geffen
gegründet
 2000 Dreamworks Animation (Shrek 2001)



Fox Animation Blue Sky (Ice Age 2002)
Disney
Pixar
Claus Tieber

digital 3D

Digitalisierung als Voraussetzung
Single-projector

Claus Tieber




2009: 16.000 screens worldwide 3D tauglich
Avatar
2011: 3 Sommer Hits: Transformers, Pirates,
Harry Potter 3D
2013: 7 von 10 top ten BO
Claus Tieber

First dollar gross
 A share of the profits after their picture broke
even

2006: Firing of Tom Cruise in August
 Ending Paramount's 14 year relationship with
Cruise
 Paradigm shift in the industry
Claus Tieber

Films are no longer mere movies but brands

Harry Potter
Warner purchased the studio
Soundtrack Atlantic records
Cover story EW
Advance review Time
AOL promotion





Claus Tieber


Katzenberg kündigt bei Disney und gründet mit
Spielberg und Geffen Dreamworks
2006: Disney kauft Pixar
2009 Disney kauft Marvel



Disney (family)
Pixar (animation)
Marvel (superheroes)

Disney closed down both Touchstone and
Miramax

Claus Tieber




Spider Man 1999
Laura Ziskin, producer
Sony Pictures Classics: foreign and upscale
art films
Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs
 Sony made the picture available to owners of
Sony Bravia TVs ad Blue Ray players with internet
capability on demand for a 25$ fee before the
DVD window
Claus Tieber



1993: Viacom kauft Paramount
Sherry Lansing first woman to run a major studio
Co-produce Titanic with Fox

2005 Brad Grey CEO (Producer of Sopranos
1999-2007)
Exclusive distribution deal with Marvel Studios
2008 kauft Dreamworks SKG


Claus Tieber



Fox 2000
Fox Family Films
Fox Searchlight Pictures

Fox 2000 led by Laura Ziskin: films for young women

Titanic 1,8 Mrd. worldwide

Avatar outside investors – Paramount Pictures



X-Men
Star Wars
Ice Age
Claus Tieber





Seagram kauft Polygram
Polygram Film Entertainment, independent,
incl. Working Title Films
Imagine Entertainment (Howard and Brian
Grazer seit 1986)
Focus Feature
Animation: Illumination (Despicable Me)
Claus Tieber






Jährlich kommen ca. 500 Filme in den USA ins
Kino
Ca. 100 von den Majors
Top grossers 80% domestic BO
BO grosses: total sales
Distribution gross
First dollar gross deal
Claus Tieber




Distribution then and now presents high
barriers to entry
Worldwide sales force & capital to finance a
slate of twenty and more pictures a year
Mass production of motion pictures ceased
Organize production units to tailor-make
individual motion pictures; Hired and let go
Claus Tieber




Studios as bankers supplying financing
As landlords renting studio space
As distributor
Marketing their blockbusters individually
Claus Tieber





Regal Entertainment Group
AMC Entertainment
Cinemark Theaters
Carmike Theaters
National Amusements
Claus Tieber



Opening day template
Opening weekend
Create a unique brand
Claus Tieber





Theatrical run largest single revenue source
Return to the exhibition business by majors
2000er Jahre: New mexaplexes free-standing
concession sales 20% of theaters revenue on
average, but half of its profits
theater advertising (Werbung im kino)
Claus Tieber

3 age groups:
 24 und drunter
 25-39
 40 plus

24 and under:
 teenagers 12-17
 young adults 18-24, Generation Y, Millenials, Echo
Boomers:
 third of the population, but nearly half of tickets
Claus Tieber




Saturation booking
Harry Potter 2001: 8.200 screens in 3.672
theaters 90 Mill. First WE
Spider-Man 2002 7.500 screens, 115 Mill,
Avatar 2009 3452 theaters (2.023 in 3D) 73
Mill first WE (2H41Min!)
Claus Tieber





holiday season: thanksgiving-christmas
Summer: memorial day WE, 4th July
40-50 % of the annual take
release blockbusters simultanuasly
worldwide (or nearly so)
LOTR: Return of the King: 28 Länder in 5
Tagen
Claus Tieber

Marketing budget is the single largest item outside
the actual production cost, and nearly all the money
(80%) is spend on the theatrical opening
TV ads: network, cable, spot, syndicated, Spanish
language
 Newspapers
 Internet
 Outdoor
 Radio
 Magazines


Claus Tieber



Prime-time 30sec. spot on one of the four
American networks: ca. 100.000 $
Thursday night: bis zu 200.000 $
Super Bowl: 3 Mill. $
Claus Tieber





ShoWest in Las Vegas in March
ShoEast in Orlando in the autumn
Comic Con International July San Diego
Premieres
Toronto Film Festival
Claus Tieber



The Blair Witch Project (1999)
Lauched on April Fool's Day 1999
Site treated The BW Project as real event

27 theaters – 1000 theaters – 2000
140 Mill. US und 250 Mill Worldwide

one of the most profitable films in history

Claus Tieber

Fan Sites:
 Ain't It Cool News
 Dark Horizons

Reports on test-screenings


The Potter Wars
LOTR

social networks as FB and Twitter
Claus Tieber
1989: revenue from the sale and rental of
videocassettes more than double the domestic
BO
 1997: DVD, a seller's market
 2006: 24 Mrd. aus dem DVD Verkauf, danach
Rückgang
 Videotheken werden geschlossen
 Netflix, Redbox
 Blockbuster geht 2010 in Konkurs
 2008: Blue Ray

Claus Tieber

Pay TV:
 HBO
 Showtime



Free TV
Packages 25 Titel und mehr
Netflix
 2007: online streamings


Redbox
PPV/VOD
Claus Tieber




Made by outside producers
Avant-garde, museums, festivals
Self-financed films
Character and script driven works
Claus Tieber







1977: startet Filmproduktion
1984: Nightmare on Elm Street
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
Fine Line 1990
Gus Van Sant
Jim Jarmusch
Robert Altman
Claus Tieber




1979: founded by Bob and Harvey Weinstein
1989: My Left Foot, Sex, Lies and Videotape,
Cinema Paradiso
The Crying Game
Dimension pictures (Horror)
Claus Tieber






Sony Pictures Classic
Disney and Miramax
Fox Searchlight
Paramount Vantage
Focus Feature
Warner Independent Films
Claus Tieber






ca. 1000 Festivals in Nordamerika
Retailers: zeigen Filme, die auf anderen
Festivals erfolgreich waren
Sundance
Toronto
Tribeca Film Festival
South by Southwest
Claus Tieber



Lions Gate
Summit Entertainment
Relativity Media
Claus Tieber






Safety in production
Reducing overheads
Declining DVD sales
PPV/VOD
Speciality units closed or sold
Mini-majors: Lions Gate: Hunger Games,
Twilight
Claus Tieber