A&P Tutorial 2016 Exam 1
1) Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.
A) function; form
B) form; structure
C) structure; function
D) structure; form
E) growth; form
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
2) The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to
A) physiology.
B) regional anatomy.
C) cytology.
D) systemic anatomy.
E) radiographic anatomy.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
3) Organ physiology is to ________ as gross anatomy is to ________.
A) cell physiology; microscopic anatomy
B) macroscopic anatomy; unbalance
C) equilibrium; macroscopic anatomy
D) balance; equilibrium
E) imbalance; microscopic anatomy
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
4) Organ physiology is to ________ as gross anatomy is to ________.
A) cell physiology; microscopic anatomy
B) macroscopic anatomy; unbalance
C) equilibrium; macroscopic anatomy
D) balance; equilibrium
E) imbalance; microscopic anatomy
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
5) Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?
A) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism
B) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism
C) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism
D) organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system
E) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
6) A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn
will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that
A) all organisms are composed of cells.
B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
C) chemical molecules make up cells.
D) blood has magical properties.
E) congenital defects can be life-threatening.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
7) In general, the nervous system does each of the following except
A) help to maintain homeostasis.
B) respond rapidly to change.
C) direct long-term responses to change.
D) direct very specific responses.
E) interpret sensory information.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
8) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?
A) releases chemical messengers called hormones
B) produces a more rapid response than the nervous system
C) produces effects that last for days or longer
D) produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time
E) important homeostatic system
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
9) If a response increases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback
system.
A) deficit
B) negative
C) neutral
D) polarized
E) positive
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
10) An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be
A) temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.
B) sweat glands that increase secretion.
C) regulatory centers that send commands to an effector.
D) effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate.
E) sweat glands that act like effectors.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
11) A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the
A) kidney.
B) lung.
C) heart.
D) spleen.
E) leg.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
12) The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities is
A) the mediastinum.
B) sagittal on the brachium.
C) transverse at the hips.
D) midsagittal on the trunk.
E) superior to the thorax.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
13) Identify the structure located within the mediastinum.
A) pericardial cavity
B) small intestine
C) lung
D) spleen
E) stomach
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
14) Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific
organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys?
A) PET scan
B) ultrasound
C) digital subtraction angiography
D) MRI
E) CT scan
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
15) Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and
a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose
activity has an effect on the same stimulus.
A) control center; effector; receptor
B) receiver; communicator; effector
C) receptor; control center; effector
D) effector; receiver; communicator
E) control center; receiver; effector
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
16) Helium (He) has an atomic number of 2. It is chemically stable because it
A) is neutral in electrical charge.
B) readily ionizes to react with other atoms.
C) has a full outer electron shell.
D) will form a covalent bond with another He atom.
E) lacks electrons, thus the He atom is stable.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
17) Which element commonly has only a proton as its nucleus?
A) helium
B) neon
C) argon
D) hydrogen
E) carbon
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
18) The formula for methane gas is CH4. What does the formula 4CH4 represent?
A) a molecule with 4 carbon atoms
B) a molecule with 4 carbon atoms and 16 hydrogen atoms
C) 4 molecules, each containing a carbon and a hydrogen atom
D) 4 molecules, each containing a carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms
E) an inorganic compound with ionic bonds
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
19) In the reaction listed below, what coefficient needs to be added to balance the equation?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + ________ O2
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 10
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
20) Which of the following descriptors is false regarding enzymes?
A) They are proteins.
B) They function as biological catalysts.
C) They lower the activation energy required for a reaction.
D) They affect only the rate of a chemical reaction.
E) They are consumed during the reaction.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
21) Each of the following is an inorganic compound except
A) water.
B) acids.
C) bases.
D) salts.
E) carbohydrates.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
22) Which of the following statements about water is false?
A) It is composed of polar molecules.
B) It is responsible for much of the mass of the human body.
C) It has a relatively low heat capacity.
D) It can dissolve many substances.
E) It contains hydrogen bonds.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
23) Which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a
substance with a pH of 4?
A) A pH of 4 is greater.
B) A pH of 5 is greater.
C) They are both equal; 4 and 5 are relative values.
D) pH 9, if you mixed the solutions.
E) There is not enough information to determine the answer.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
24) When placed in water, an inorganic compound dissociates 99 percent, forming hydrogen ions
and anions. This compound would be a
A) strong base.
B) weak base.
C) strong acid.
D) weak acid.
E) salt.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
25) To bond two monomers together, a molecule of water must be ________ to/from monomers.
This process is called ________.
A) added; hydrolysis
B) removed; dehydration synthesis
C) removed; crenation
D) added; denaturation
E) added; ionization
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-9
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
261) A fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atoms is
A) unsaturated.
B) polyunsaturated.
C) dehydrated.
D) saturated.
E) denatured.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
27) How would the lack of a cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function?
A) The enzyme's function would not be altered.
B) The enzyme would function more slowly.
C) The enzyme would function more quickly.
D) The enzyme would not be able to function.
E) The enzyme would cease to function after reaching a maximum rate.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-11
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
28) The structure of RNA differs from DNA in that
A) the backbone of RNA contains ribose.
B) RNA contains pyrimidines but not purines.
C) RNA contains purines but not pyrimidines.
D) DNA contains pyrimidines but not purines.
E) DNA contains purines but not pyrimidines.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-12
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
29) AMP + P →
A) ADP.
B) 2ADP.
C) DNA.
D) ATP.
E) adenine.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
30) Muscle proteins are destroyed after 17 days and then replaced. This is an example of
A) metabolic turnover.
B) surveillance.
C) surface tension.
D) disease.
E) specificity.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-14
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
31) Identify the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.
A) enables ions to pass
B) forms enzymes
C) affects membrane permeability
D) anchors the phospholipids
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
32) Membrane proteins perform which of the following functions?
A) anchoring
B) receptors
C) recognition
D) enzymes
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
33) Microfilaments
A) are usually composed of myosin.
B) are hollow, filamentous structures.
C) anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the cell membrane.
D) interact with filaments composed of tubulin to produce muscle contractions.
E) are found in the cytoplasm radiating away from the centrosome.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
34) Match the organelle (1-4) with the correct description (5-8).
1. mitochondrion
5. intracellular transport
2. centriole
6. liquid in cell
3. endoplasmic reticulum
7. provides cell energy
4. cytosol
8. aids the formation of the spindle apparatus
A) 1 and 7, 2 and 6, 3 and 8, 4 and 5
B) 1 and 8, 2 and 5, 3 and 6, 4 and 7
C) 1 and 7, 2 and 8, 3 and 5, 4 and 6
D) 1 and 5, 2 and 6, 3 and 7, 4 and 8
E) 1 and 6, 2 and 8, 3 and 5, 4 and 7
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
35) A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, it
A) can repair itself readily.
B) is malformed.
C) can only divide once more.
D) will be a long-lived cell.
E) cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
36) Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of multiple ________ and
________.
A) enzymes; three types of RNA
B) enzymes; two types of RNA
C) carbohydrates; three types of DNA
D) proteins; three types of DNA
E) enzymes; three types of DNA
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
37) The unit of DNA that specifies a certain amino acid is called a ________, the same unit of
mRNA is called a ________, which, during protein synthesis, is matched by the ________ of
tRNA.
A) triplet; codon; anticodon
B) nitrogen base; sugar; phosphate
C) codon; anticodon; ribosome
D) gene; triplet; amino acid
E) triplet; co-triplet; gene
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
38) If a red blood cell (RBC) is placed in a 0.5% salt solution, which of the following would
occur?
1. Water will move out of the RBC.
2. RBC will hemolyze.
3. RBC will crenate.
4. Water will enter the RBC.
A) 1 and 3 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 2 only
D) 3 and 4 only
E) 2 and 4 only
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
39) A patient suffers blood loss and is given IV fluids that contain an impermeable carbohydrate
called dextran, which serves to
A) provide nutrition.
B) increase the osmolarity of the blood.
C) make the blood hypertonic.
D) decrease the osmolarity of the blood.
E) reduce blood clotting.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
40) Imagine two rigid chambers separated by a rigid membrane that is freely permeable to water
but impermeable to glucose. Side 1 contains a 10 percent glucose solution and side 2 contains
pure water. At equilibrium, what will be the situation?
A) Water will continue to move from side 1 to side 2.
B) Water will continue to move from side 2 to side 1.
C) The volume of water will be greater in side 1.
D) The volume of water will be greater in side 2.
E) It is impossible to determine the answer.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
41) Endocytosis is a
A) method for transporting substances into the cell.
B) method for metabolizing within the cytosol.
C) form of anabolism.
D) viral infection.
E) method for packaging secretions.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
42) Assume that the transport of a particular amino acid across the plasma membrane is observed
(1) to occur only down its concentration gradient and (2) to slow when a similar amino acid is
added to the extracellular fluid. The movement of the amino acid through the membrane is most
likely by
A) osmosis.
B) diffusion.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) active transport.
E) pinocytosis.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
43) When is DNA replicated?
A) interphase
B) anaphase
C) metaphase
D) telophase
E) interkinesis
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
44) The genetically programmed death of cells is called
A) differentiation.
B) replication.
C) apoptosis.
D) metastasis.
E) mitosis.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3-9
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
45) Cancer cells
A) are indistinguishable from normal body cells.
B) have a slow mitotic rate.
C) may exhibit metastasis.
D) do not form neoplasms.
E) generally form benign tumors.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3-10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
46) Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories?
A) muscle tissue
B) neural tissue
C) osseous tissue
D) connective tissue
E) epithelial tissue
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 4-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
47) The tissue that always has an apical and a basal surface is ________ tissue.
A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) basal
E) apical
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 4-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
48) Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do
not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This
tissue is a type of
A) epithelium.
B) muscle tissue.
C) connective tissue.
D) neural tissue.
E) fat tissue.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 4-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
49) Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and
interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is
most likely ________ tissue.
A) muscle
B) neural
C) epithelial
D) connective
E) adipose
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 4-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
50) Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas ductless secretions act as
________.
A) lubrication; lubricators
B) enzymes; hormones
C) transport media; physical protectors
D) superficial relief; interstitial fluid
E) odors; alarms
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 4-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
51) The color distinction between white fat and brown fat exists because brown fat
A) includes active melanocytes.
B) is more superficial.
C) traps pollutants.
D) is highly vascular.
E) is more mature.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 4-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
52) Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are
A) fibroblasts.
B) macrophages.
C) adipocytes.
D) mast cells.
E) melanocytes.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 4-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
53) Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue?
A) fluid connective tissue
B) dense connective tissue
C) supporting connective tissue
D) loose connective tissue
E) adipose tissue
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 4-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
54) Unlike cartilage, bone
A) is a connective tissue.
B) has a matrix that contains collagen.
C) is highly vascular.
D) has an outer covering.
E) has cells within lacunae.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 4-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
55) Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large
volume of fluid ground substance and adipocytes and mast cells fibers. This tissue would most
likely have come from the
A) inner wall of a blood vessel.
B) lungs.
C) spleen.
D) superficial fascia between skin and muscle.
E) bony socket of the eye.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 4-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
56) Which of the following refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and
blends with the tendon?
A) superficial fascia
B) hypodermis
C) deep fascia
D) subserous fascia
E) subcutaneous layer
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 4-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
57) During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the
region of the injury?
A) increase in basophils
B) increase in histamine
C) increase in blood flow
D) cold, pale skin
E) swelling
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 4-10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
58) The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called
A) inflammation.
B) apoptosis.
C) fibrosis.
D) cystosis.
E) necrosis.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 4-10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
59) The process of lactation (milk production) depends on both merocrine and ________
secretion by mammary gland epithelial cells.
A) epicrine
B) eccrine
C) holocrine
D) apocrine
E) endocrine
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 4-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
60) Growth of cartilage by accumulation of matrix around chondrocytes is called ________
growth.
A) appositional
B) intrasitional
C) transitional
D) transformational
E) interstitial
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 4-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
129) The average time between synthesis and breakdown is known as the ________ time.
A) metabolism
B) anabolism
C) catabolism
D) specificity
E) turnover
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-14
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge