Unit 7 Test Review
Start of the war
• Failure of Appeasement allowed Hitler to get his
way in order to prevent
war
– Hitler broke the Versailles
Treaty by building up his
military and “united the
Germans” by taking over
neighboring countries in
1938
Start of the war
• Hitler signed a secret nonaggression pact with
Stalin- two would not fight
each other and split
Poland
• Invasion of Poland (1939)
German army used
blitzkrieg tactics- rapid
use of bombers, tanks,
then ground troops
Review
1. What is Appeasement?
2. What was the Non-Aggression Pact
War in Europe
• War with Great Britain
– Winston Churchill became
Prime Minister and rallied
resistance to Hitler
– Germany tried to defeat
Great Britain by using
bombers and submarines in
order to invade #failed
War in Europe
• Invasion of the Soviet
Union (1941)
– Germany made a surprise
invasion, but size of SU
halted advance at
Moscow and Leningrad
– Stalingrad (1942) second
offensive to take oil
fields, Soviet counterattack turned the tide of
war
Review
3. Name 2 battles that halted (stopped)
German expansion in Europe
War in the Pacific
• America Joins the War
– Japanese navy ruled the
seas and took key American
positions like the Philippines
– America gained naval
superiority in the battle of
Midway
– American offensive strategy
was island-hopping- Navy
and army attacked island to
island
Review
4. What battle was a major turning point in
the Pacific War in favor of the Allies (USA)?
The End of the War
• End of War in Europe
– June 6, 1944- D-Day
Invasion- US led landing in
German-held Normandy
(France)
– US led troops were able to
liberate France and Italy
• Soviet counterattack
pushed Germans out of
the SU and Soviets won
the “race” for Berlin
Review
5. What was the mission for D-Day? What
were the allies trying to do? Were they
successful?
The End of the War
• End of War in Pacific
– US blockaded and firebombed Japan
– Manhattan Projectcreated atomic bombs
– US did not want a costly
invasion and so
dropped atomic bombs
on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
– Japan surrendered
August 15, 1945
A New Era
• Nuremberg trials- after
the war, Nazi leaders
were tried for war
crimes
• United Nations- like
League of Nations but
with more membership
and power
Review
6. Why did the USA drop the Atomic
Bomb? Did it work?
7. How is the UN different form the League
of Nations?
Divisions after WWII
• Democratic West Germany,
Soviet Union created a
puppet government in East
Germany
• “Iron Curtain”- division
between communism and
democracy in Europe
Divisions after WWII
• Truman Doctrine- America
would use economic
($13billion) and military aid
to oppose the spread of
communism (containment)
Berlin Crisis (1948-1949)
• Berlin was divided but was
inside East Germany, SU
blockaded the city to gain
control
• Berlin Airlift - US airlifted
supplies until SU backed
down
• SU eventually built a wall
dividing Berlin
Video
European Rivalry
• Marshall Plan- US gave
economic aid to Europe to
speed recovery and to
contain communism
• Two rival alliances: NATO
(led by US) and Warsaw
Pact (SU and puppet
communist countries)
Review
8. How did the Berlin Airlift support the
Truman Doctrine?
9. If Europe has an “Iron Curtain,” which
side is NATO on and which side is the
Warsaw Pact on?
East Asia Divided: China
• Great Leap Forwardeffort to collectivize and
industrialize China, led to
millions of deaths
• Cultural Revolutionpolitical purge to
reaffirm power of
communist party
Video
East Asia Divided: Korea
Korean War (1950-1953)
• Communist N. Korea
invaded S. Korea
• US-led troops pushed
back but China counterattacked
• After a cease-fire, Korea
divided at the 38th
parallel
Review
10. What was the outcome of the Great
Leap Forward in China?
11. Who won the Korean War?
The Third World: India
• India won its
independence in 1947
from Great Britain
• Partition of IndiaMuslims were sent to
Pakistan, Hindus to Indiachaos and many deaths
• India and Pakistan fought
wars over disputed
territory (Kashmir)
What Does CocaCola Have to do
with this?
The Third World: African Independence
• Most African countries
became independent in
1960s
• Many African countries
had civil wars and were
ruled by dictators
• Ruling white minority in
South Africa had policy
of apartheid (racial
segregation) until 1994
The Third World: Latin America
• In Cuba, Fidel Castro
created a communist
government (1959)
• The CIA failed to remove
Castro in the Bay of Pigs
Invasion
• Through the Cold War,
most countries in Latin
America were ruled by
dictators
Video
Review
12. India was partitioned in 1947, making a
separate state of ___________ for
people who were ______________
(what religion).
13. Was the Bay of Pigs invasion
successful?
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Creation of Israel
• After WWII, Jews
emigrated to British
Palestine as a part of the
Zionist movement
• In 1948, the UN created
the state of Israel dividing
the land between Jewish
Israelis and Muslim
Palestinian Arabs
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Yom Kippur War (1973)
• Arab countries attacked
yet again, Israel occupied
Palestinian territories
• Oil-rich countries (OPEC)
put an embargo (stop
exporting) on the US as
punishment for its
support of Israel
Review
14. Why are Palestinians and Israelis in
conflict?
15. How did OPEC retaliate to American
involvement in the Middle East?
Competition between the US and USSR
Space Race
• In 1957, Russia was the first
country to put a satellite
(Sputnik) in space
• Russia put the first man in
space (1961) but US put first
man on the moon (1969)
Competition between the US and USSR
Arms Race
• US and SU competed in
creating more and more
powerful nuclear weapons
• MAD theory- if either side
attacks, both would be
destroyed (deterrence)
• Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)US and SU nearly go to war
over placement of Soviet
nukes in Cuba
Video
Vietnam War
Causes
• North Vietnam was controlled
communists who wanted to
control all of Vietnam
• America got involved (1964)
because of the Domino
Theory- if one country falls to
communism, surrounding
countries will too
Review
16. Describe the MAD Theory
17. How did the Cuban Missile Crisis
represent the height of the Cold War?
18. What is the Domino Theory?
19. What did the Khmer Rouge do in
Cambodia?
Changes in Asia
Iranian Revolution (1979)
– US-backed Shah abdicated
after protests and Iran
became a Shi’a theocracy,
the Islamic Republic
– Hostage crisis- US embassy
workers held for 444 days
• Saddam Hussein, dictator
of Iraq, invaded Iran (198088)
Changes in Asia
China
• US President Nixon visits
China and helped normalize
relations and expand trade
• After Mao’s death, reforms
were made to China’s
economy making it more
free: high economic growth
• Pro-democracy movement
in China failed at the
Tiananmen Square
Massacre (1989)
Review
20. How did Iran and US relations worsen
after the Iranian Revolution?
21. How did China’s government respond
to pro-democratic movements?