Human Computer Interaction
CSC 4730-100
User System Interface
CSC 8570-001
Class Meeting 6
October 2, 2012
Outline for Evening
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One-minute assessment
Research project issues
Table creation revisited
Augmenting GUEPs and CDs
Course themes reprise
Edge and Blackwell concept map
One Minute Assessment
Do not put your name on the paper
On one side of the paper, list
• The two most important concepts that you
have learned so far.
On the other side of the paper, list
• The thing (or things) that you are most
confused about.
Research Project Issues
My question:
• Suppose your hypothesis says that design A is faster than
design B.
• You gather timing data from a number of subjects (say N=23)
• You compute the average total task time (summed over a
number of tasks)
– Design A: 13.68 seconds
– Design B: 15.12 seconds
• Do the data support your hypothesis? [Note data is plural.]
• What is the negation of the previous statement?
If your results need a statistician, then you should design a better experiment.
-- Baron Ernest Rutherford
My Question (2)
• What statistical test do you use to check your assertion?
• Do you need more information to use the test? If so, what?
• Do you need to make assumptions to apply the test? If so,
what?
• Does this plan for the statistical treatment of the data make
sense?
Research Project Issues
• Your questions:
Table Creation
• Interesting semantic question arose
– Relevant to Consistency GUEP
– Related questions in spreadsheet and word
processing systems
• In a spreadsheet, which cell becomes active
when the user taps
– Tab
– Enter
– Another navigation key
Table Creation (2)
• In a word processing system, when entering
data into a table, which cell becomes active
when the user taps
– Tab
– Enter
– Another navigation key
• How might one model these situations?
Augmenting GUEPs and CDs
Our goals:
• Rephrase GUEPs and CDs, if necessary
• Develop examples of interface items described
by GUEPs and CDs
• Relate the approaches embodied in GUEPs
and CDs
See the handout for a summary of GUEPs and CDs
Themes
• Models, theories, frameworks
Form a foundation for understanding
• What users want (What do they want?)
Which is interpreted by the
• Design principle hierarchy
– GUEPs (Generative User Engineering Principles)
– General design principles
– Implementable design guidelines
Themes (2)
Users are directed in their approach to a system by
• Mental models
– Problem space version: Set of states and paths from one
state to the next leading to a solution
– Theory version: What users believe to be true about
particular domains, devices, or systems
And
• The cognitive dimensions (CDs) of understanding
(which describe ways of thinking).
– Related to GUEPs as described by the 14 by 9 matrix.
Themes (3)
We have devised a path from abstraction to
implementation based on:
• Cognitive dimensions
• GUEPs
• Design principles
• Task analysis
Task Analysis
Preparing for task analysis
• Tasks vs. goals
• Hierarchical task analysis vs. GOMS
• ConcurTaskTrees
– http://giove.cnuce.cnr.it/ctte.html
ConcurTaskTrees
Task Types
Type
User
Abstraction
Application
Interaction
Action
Example
No system
interaction
Complex
Read a
message
User session
No user
interaction
User and
system
together
Perform a
database query
Click a button
ConcurTaskTrees
Operators
Unary Operators
Icon
Temporal Operators
Description
Syntax
*
Iterative
T1 *
[]
Optional
[ T1 ]
Connection
T1
Icon
Description
Syntax
[]
Choice
T1 [] T2
|=|
Order
Independency
T1 |=| T2
|||
Concurrent
T1 ||| T2
|[ ]|
Concurrent with
information
exchange
T1 |[ ]| T2
[>
Disabling
T1 [> T2
|>
Suspend/Resume
T1 |> T2
>>
Enabling
T1 >> T2
[] >>
Enabling with
information
exchange
T1 [] >> T2
Tangible User Interfaces
• What are they?
– Definition
– Examples
Anand Agarawala: 2007
• TED talk on BumpTop
John Underkoffler: 2010
• TED talk on tangible interfaces
Silly Aside
Exercise: For the 26 3-character strings, [A-Z]UI,
give the definition or description of the user
interface described by the acronym.
For example, GUI stands for Graphical User
Interface and describes any interface using
icons or other graphical elements to access
data or operations.
TUI (2)
• What is the power of a WIMP interface?
– Is the analysis (done by Edge and Blackwell) of its
actions correct?
TUI (3)
• What is the power of a TUI?
– What does “power” mean in this context?
TUI (4)
Top level concepts
• Physical layer; physical tokens
– Aligning tokens; lines of tokens
– Stacking tokens
• Virtual layer
– Synchronization with physical layer
– Feedback: visual, auditory, tactile
– Abstraction of time
• Virtual – Physical Level
– Degree of embodiment
– Degree of synchronization
– Degree of coherence
TUI (5)
• Manipulable solid diagrams
• Tokens; token aggregation
– Object order
– Continuous values
– Token association
• Superior to WIMP
– uses DM more effectively
– uses D of F with hands more efficiently
Example
• What do you want from a mapping system?
• Does this match with what the system provides?
• Explore
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Mapquest
Google Maps
Yahoo Maps
Mappy.com
AAA.com
Microsoft Streets and Trips
Example
• What do you want from a rapid transit routing
system?
• Does this match with what the system provides?
• Explore
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Atlanta MARTA
Philadelphia SEPTA
Washington DC Metro
San Francisco BART
Denver DART
Next Time
• Continue work on research project, completing
experimental material and IRB form.
Research Team Meetings