Vocabulary Review
Chapter 14
& 15

Mendel’s true breeding generation
P or parental generation

Alternative forms of a gene alleles

Genetic makeup of an organism genotype

Type of inheritance in which hybrids are a mixture of parental phenotypes
Incomplete dominance

Type of inheritance where both alleles are expressed in distinguishable ways
Codominance

Type of inheritance where three or more genes affect the phenotype polygenic

Genes that tend to be inherited together
Linked

When members of homologous pairs of chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis
Nondisjunction

Organisms that are normal but transmit recessive alleles to offspring
Carrier

Pairs of alleles segregate independently during meiosis
Law of
Independent
Assortment

Organism’s observable traits or their appearance
Phenotype

Probability that an offspring will be heterozygous if parents are both heterozygous
50%

When both alleles are the same for a trait it is called this
Homozygous

AABBCC X aabbcc
Probability these parents would produce
AaBbCc
1 or 100%

AABbCc x AaBbCc probability these parents would produce
AAbbCC
1/32

If two alleles at a locus differ, the dominant allele will determine the organism’s phenotype
Law of Dominant
& Recessive
Heredity

Cross determined by two traits
Dihybrid Cross

Sutton, Boveri and others were responsible for this theory
Chromosome
Theory of
Inheritance

A gene located on a sex chromosome
Sex-linked gene

Inactivated X chromosome in a cell is called a
Barr Body

When genes are exchanged during meiosis it is called this
Crossing-over

Plants can have multiple sets of chromosomes; a state called this
Polyploidy

When a gene is moved and joins a nonhomologous chromosome it is called this
Translocation

An abnormal number of chromosomes is called this
Aneuploidy

Aneuploidy where there is one extra chromosome in a karyotype
Trisomy

Trisomy 21
Down Syndrome

What were caused in fruit flies in Thomas
Hunt Morgan’s lab
Mutations

Difference in phenotype based on whether the allele is inherited from the mother or father
Genomic
Imprinting

When a chromosomal fragment is lost it is called this
Deletion

An aneuploid situation in which the organism has only one copy of a gene
Monosomy

Probability that a heterozygous to heterozygous dihybrid cross will produce both dominant traits
9/16

Chart showing members of a family showing which members show a particular trait
Pedigree

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